The American Species Survival Plan or SSP program was developed in 1981 by the (American)
Association of Zoos and Aquariums to help ensure the survival of selected species in
zoos and
aquariums,[1] most of which are threatened or
endangered in the wild.
SSP program
SSP programs focus on animals that are near threatened, threatened, endangered, or otherwise in danger of
extinction in the wild, when zoo and zoology conservationists believe
captive breeding programs will aid in their chances of survival.[2] These programs help maintain healthy and
genetically diverse animal populations within the Association of Zoos and Aquariums-accredited
zoo community.[3]AZA accredited zoos and
AZA conservation partners that are involved in SSP programs engage in cooperative population management and conservation efforts that include research, conservation genetics, public education,
reintroduction, and in situ or field conservation projects.[1] The process for selecting recommended species is guided by Taxon Advisory Groups, whose sole objective is to curate Regional Collection Plans for the conservation needs of a species and how AZA institutions will cooperate to reach those needs.[4] Today, there are almost 300 existing SSP programs.[5] The SSP has been met with widespread success in ensuring that, should a species population become functionally extinct in its natural habitat, a viable population still exists within a zoological setting. This has also led to AZA species reintroduction programs, examples of which include the
black-footed ferret, the
California condor, the
northern riffleshell, the
golden lion tamarin, the
Karner blue butterfly, the
Oregon spotted frog, the
palila finch, the
red wolf, and the
Wyoming toad.[6]
SSP master plan
An SSP master plan is a document produced by the SSP coordinator (generally a zoo professional under the guidance of an elected management committee)[1] for a certain species. This document sets ex situ population goals and other management recommendations to achieve the maximum genetic diversity and demographic stability for a species, given transfer and space constraints.[2]
^While these are called Species Survival Plan programs, some animals on this list are subspecies. Other animal names on this list are not the commonly used name, however they are the official name of their respective SSP program.