Annual period when the social elite holds social events
The social season, or season, refers to the traditional annual period in the spring and summer when it is customary for members of the
social elite of
British society to hold
balls,
dinner parties and
charity events. Until the
First World War, it was also the appropriate time to be resident in the city (generally meaning
London) rather than in the country in order to attend such events.
The London social season evolved in the 17th and 18th centuries, and in its traditional form it peaked in the 19th century. In this era the British elite was dominated by families of the
nobility and
landed gentry, who generally regarded their
country house as their main home, but spent several months of the year in the capital to socialise and to engage in
politics. The most exclusive events were held at the town
mansions of leading members of the aristocracy. Exclusive public venues such as
Almack's played a secondary role. The Season coincided with the sitting of
parliament; it began some time after Christmas and ran until
midsummer, roughly late June.[2] Some sources say it began at Parliament's Easter session break.[3]
The social season played a role in the political life of the country: the members of the two
Houses of Parliament were almost all participants in the season. But the Season also provided an opportunity for the children of marriageable age of the
nobility and gentry to be launched into society.
Debutantes were formally introduced into society by presentation to the monarch at
royal court during the Court Drawing Rooms and
Queen Charlotte's Ball until the practice was abolished by Queen
Elizabeth II in 1958. Queen Charlotte's Ball ceased to function in 1976, but has been relaunched since, by former debutante
Jennie Hallam-Peel, without the monarch's involvement, and with more limited uptake; debutantes instead
curtsy to "Queen Charlotte's Birthday Cake".[4]
The traditional Season went into decline after the
First World War, when many aristocratic families gave up their London mansions. From then on, more society events took place at public venues, making it harder to maintain social exclusivity.[citation needed] The opulent coming-out party held for the 17 year-old
Lady Sarah Consuelo Spencer-Churchill on 7 July 1939 at
Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, less than two months before
World War Two was declared, has been styled by some as "the last season ever".[5] Socialite
Henry (Chips) Channon noted in his diary: “I have seen much, travelled far and am accustomed to splendour, but there has never been anything like tonight”.[6]
Many events that take place far from
central London (though generally within the
Home Counties) came to be regarded as part of the social season, including
Royal Ascot and the
Henley Royal Regatta. The events that now constitute the London social season are increasingly hosted or sponsored by large companies (i.e. "corporate hospitality").
Western dress codes still apply to certain events in the season, especially those in which the King maintains an official role.[citation needed]
Although several of these events are not actually held in London, such as the
Hurlingham Polo Association at
Guards Polo Club, the organisers of most events attempt to avoid date clashes, so it is generally possible to visit all of them in the same year.
The traditional end of the London Season is the
Glorious Twelfth of August, which marks the beginning of the
shooting season. Society would retire to the country to shoot birds during the autumn and
hunt foxes during the winter before coming back to London again with the spring. For some time there was also the "
Harrogate Season", where members of the upper classes would stop at Harrogate Spa to take in the waters on their way from London up to their shooting estates in the north.[7]
Dress codes
Many events of the season have traditional expectations with regard to
Western dress codes.
At
Royal Ascot, for example, hats are compulsory in most enclosures, and to be admitted to the Royal Enclosure for the first time one must either be a guest of a member or be sponsored for membership by two members who have attended for at least six years as a member. This continues to maintain a socially exclusive character for the Royal Enclosure. Gentlemen are required to wear either black or grey
morning dress with
waistcoat and a
top hat. A gentleman must remove his top hat within a restaurant, a private box, a private club or that facility's terrace, balcony or garden. Hats may also be removed within any enclosed external seating area within the Royal Enclosure Garden. Ladies must not show bare midriffs or shoulders and must wear hats. In the Queen Anne Enclosure (formerly known as the Grandstand), gentlemen are required to wear
lounge suits with
ties and ladies must wear a hat.[8]
At
Henley Royal Regatta, in the
Stewards' Enclosure gentlemen must wear a
lounge jacket and tie. Rowing club colours on a blazer or cap are encouraged, as is the wearing of
boaters. A lady's skirt hem must reach below the knee and is checked before entry by the Stewards' Officers. Both ladies and gentlemen will be turned away if they fail to comply with the dress code, regardless of their prestige in rowing or elsewhere. Hats are encouraged but not required for ladies.[9] When a student protested being denied entry to the Stewards' Enclosure for failing to meet the dress code, saying she had worn the dress "in the Royal Enclosure at Ascot and nobody said anything", a spokesman defended the dress code, saying "The intention is to maintain the atmosphere of an English Garden party of the
Edwardian period by wearing a more traditional dress."[10] Members must display their enamel
badges at all times. Anyone found using a
mobile phone is asked to leave immediately and their Stewards' Enclosure host, identified by the number on the guest's badge, may have his membership withdrawn as a result.[citation needed]
At
polo matches, it is usual for gentlemen to wear a
blazer and always white trousers. Ladies should wear flat shoes, as the tradition of "treading in the divots" (pressing back into place the clods of turf thrown up by the horses’ hooves) precludes wearing heels. The famous Club House at
Guards Polo Club in
Windsor Great Park is for the use of club members only, who wear individually made gold and enamel badges. Members' guests are given special gold-embossed tags.
In the British period drama Downton Abbey the outspoken youngest daughter of the fictional
Earl of Grantham, Lady Sybil, is presented as a debutante at court in London during her first season. The family are also portrayed to move to London for the duration of the season, returning to their country seat at the end of it. The show's 2013 Christmas Special (set in the summer of 1923) focuses on cousin Lady Rose McClare's
debutante ball and presentation at court.
The Malory-Anderson Family Saga series of historical romance novels by
Johanna Lindsey is set primarily in London, the first one opening in 1817. Throughout the series, one Season or another and the balls thrown during them, are mentioned in dialogue and are sometimes central to the plot lines themselves.
Honoré de Balzac's novel The Muse of the Department contains a description of the London Season:
London is the capital of shops and of speculation, the government is made there. The aristocracy inscribes itself there only during sixty days, it there takes its orders, it inspects the government kitchen, it passes in review its daughters to marry, and equipages to sell, it says good-day and goes away promptly ; - it is so little amusing that it supports itself only for the few days called the season.
Most of the Regency Romance novels by
Georgette Heyer feature the London Season.
The Royal Ascot racecourse was used as a filming location in the
James Bond film A View to a Kill (1985), in which Bond was beginning his mission to defeat the villainous
Max Zorin, whose horse was racing there.
The events depicted in the Netflix
period drama series Bridgerton take place during the London Season. Julia Quinn's Bridgerton novels, on which the Netflix series is based, also primarily take place in London during the Season.
The London Season is an important part of the board game John Company.
^'The Social Character of the Estate: The London Season in 1841′, Survey of London: volume 39: The Grosvenor Estate in Mayfair, Part 1 (General History) (1977), pp. 89-93.