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Sinope
Sinope photographed by the Haute-Provence Observatory on 14 August 1998
Discovery  [1]
Discovered by Seth B. Nicholson
Discovery site Lick Observatory
Discovery date21 July 1914
Designations
Designation
Jupiter IX
Pronunciation /səˈnoʊpiː/ [2] [3]
Named after
 Σινώπη Sinōpē
AdjectivesSinopean [4] /saɪnəˈpiːən/ [5]
Orbital characteristics  [6]
Epoch 23 March 2018 ( JD 2458200.5)
Observation arc103.87 yr (37,938 days)
0.1629144  AU (24,371,650 km)
Eccentricity0.3366550
–777.29 d
(2.13 years)
71.53524 °
0° 27m 47.33s / day
Inclination158.63840° (to ecliptic)
8.61437°
60.30205°
Satellite of Jupiter
Group Pasiphae group
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
35.0±0.6 km [7]
13.16±0.10  h [8]
Albedo0.042±0.006 [7]
18.3 [9]
11.1 [6]

Sinope /səˈnoʊpiː/ is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Lick Observatory in 1914, [1] and is named after Sinope of Greek mythology.

Sinope did not receive its present name until 1975; [10] [11] before then, it was simply known as Jupiter IX. It was sometimes called " Hades" [12] between 1955 and 1975.

Orbit

Pasiphae group.

Sinope orbits Jupiter on a high-eccentricity and high-inclination retrograde orbit. Its orbit is continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations. [13] Sinope is believed to belong to the Pasiphae group of retrograde irregular moons. [14] However, given its mean inclination and different colour, Sinope could be also an independent object, captured independently, unrelated to the collision and break-up at the origin of the group. [15] The diagram illustrates Sinope's orbital elements in relation to other satellites of the group.

Sinope is also known to be in a secular resonance with Jupiter, similar to Pasiphae. However, Sinope can drop out of this resonance and has periods of both resonant and non-resonant behaviour in time scales of 107 years. [16]

Physical characteristics

Sinope observed by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) spacecraft in 2014

From measurements of its thermal emission, Sinope has an estimated diameter of 35 km (22 mi). [7] Sinope is red ( colour indices B−V=0.84, R−V=0.46), [15] unlike Pasiphae, which is grey.

Sinope's infrared spectrum is similar to those of D-type asteroids but different from that of Pasiphae. [17] These dissimilarities of the physical parameters suggest a different origin from the core members of the group.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Nicholson, S. B. (1914). "Discovery of the Ninth Satellite of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 26 (1): 197–198. Bibcode: 1914PASP...26..197N. doi: 10.1086/122336. PMC  1090718. PMID  16586574.
  2. ^ "Sinope". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
  3. ^ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
  4. ^ Sergey Vnukov (2010) "Sinopean Amphorae of the Roman Period", Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 16
  5. ^ Hector Stuart (1876) Ben Nebo, and Other Poems, p. 22
  6. ^ a b "M.P.C. 111777" (PDF). Minor Planet Circular. Minor Planet Center. 25 September 2018.
  7. ^ a b c Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Mainzer, A. K.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (August 2015). "NEOWISE: Observations of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn". The Astrophysical Journal. 809 (1): 9. arXiv: 1505.07820. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...809....3G. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/3. S2CID  5834661. 3.
  8. ^ Luu, Jane (September 1991). "CCD photometry and spectroscopy of the outer Jovian satellites". Astronomical Journal. 102: 1213–1225. Bibcode: 1991AJ....102.1213L. doi: 10.1086/115949. ISSN  0004-6256.
  9. ^ Sheppard, Scott. "Scott S. Sheppard - Jupiter Moons". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Carnegie Institution for Science. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  10. ^ Nicholson, S. B. (April 1939). "The Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 51 (300): 85–94. Bibcode: 1939PASP...51...85N. doi: 10.1086/125010. (in which he declines to name the recently discovered satellites (pp. 93–94))
  11. ^ IAUC 2846: Satellites of Jupiter 1974 October (naming the moon)
  12. ^ Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia; Katherine Haramundanis (1970). Introduction to Astronomy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN  0-13-478107-4.
  13. ^ Jacobson, R. A. (2000). "The orbits of outer Jovian satellites" (PDF). Astronomical Journal. 120 (5): 2679–2686. Bibcode: 2000AJ....120.2679J. doi: 10.1086/316817. S2CID  120372170.
  14. ^ Sheppard, S. S.; and Jewitt, D. C.; An Abundant Population of Small Irregular Satellites Around Jupiter, Nature, Vol. 423 (May 2003), pp. 261-263
  15. ^ a b Grav, T.; Holman, M. J.; Gladman, B. J.; and Aksnes, K.; Photometric Survey of the Irregular Satellites, Icarus, Vol. 166 (2003), pp. 33-45
  16. ^ Nesvorný, D.; Beaugé, C. & Dones, L. (2004). "Collisional Origin of Families of Irregular Satellites". The Astronomical Journal. 127 (3): 1768–1783. Bibcode: 2004AJ....127.1768N. doi: 10.1086/382099.
  17. ^ Grav, T.; Holman, M. J. (2004). "Near-Infrared Photometry of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn". The Astrophysical Journal. 605 (2): L141–L144. arXiv: astro-ph/0312571. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...605L.141G. doi: 10.1086/420881. S2CID  15665146.

External links

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