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Shuar | |
---|---|
Shiwar chicham | |
Native to | Ecuador |
Ethnicity | Shuar |
Native speakers | 35,000 (2007) [1] |
Chicham
| |
Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
jiv |
Glottolog |
shua1257 |
ELP | Shuar |
Shuar, which literally means " people", also known by such (now derogatory) terms as Chiwaro, Jibaro, Jivaro, or Xivaro, is an indigenous language spoken by the Shuar people of Morona Santiago Province and Pastaza Province in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin.
Twelve indigenous languages of Ecuador are spoken today, one of which is Shuar. [2]
The name "Shuar" shared among the people and their language first became known to the Spaniards in the 17th century. The Shuar language, as it stands today, is considered part of the Chicham (or Jivaroan) language family. [3]
The geographical remoteness within the Ecuadorian rainforest isolates the Shuar and has widely scattered the people from one another. As a result, in the late 1960s, radio schools were formed to promote communication and education in both Spanish and Shuar. [2] This inadvertently transformed into a language revitalization initiative for the Shuar people. Radio schools were shut down in 2001 and replaced with formal bilingual in-class teaching. [2]
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |
Plosive | p | t | k | |
Affricate | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||
Fricative | s | ʃ | h | |
Trill | r | |||
Semivowel | j | w |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ |
Open | a ã |
The Constitution of Ecuador has been translated in its entirety into the Shuar language. Its official name in Shuar is Ecuador Nunka Umíktin Umpuarma. [4]
The following text is an official translation of part of Article 2 of the Constitution of Ecuador which stipulates the language policy of the State. [4]
Translation in English: "Article 2.- ... Spanish is Ecuador's official language; Spanish, Kichwa and Shuar are official languages for intercultural ties. The other ancestral languages are in official use by indigenous peoples in the areas where they live and in accordance with the terms set forth by law. The State shall respect and encourage their preservation and use."
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