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German: Sathmarer Schwaben | |
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Regions with significant populations | |
Counties
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Languages | |
German (with the Sathmar Swabian dialect) | |
Religion | |
Primarily Roman Catholicism | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Germans (most notably Swabians and Danube Swabians respectively) | |
Native to north-western and northern Transylvania |
The Satu Mare Swabians or Sathmar Swabians [1] [2] (German: Sathmarer Schwaben) are a German ethnic group in the Satu Mare ( German: Sathmar) region of Romania. [1] Romanian Germans, they are one of the various Danube Swabian ( German: Donau Schwaben) subgroups that are actually Swabian in heritage, [1] and their dialect, Sathmar Swabian, is similar to the other varieties of the Swabian German dialect. [3]
Most were originally farmers in Upper Swabia who migrated to Partium (at the time Hungary, now Romania) in the 18th century, as part of a widespread eastward movement of German workers and settlers. [1] Their principal settlements were Satu Mare, Carei, Petrești, [1] and Foieni ( German: Fienen) and they also settled in Urziceni ( German: Schinal), Căpleni ( German: Kaplau), Tiream ( German: Terem), Beltiug ( German: Bildegg), Ciumești ( German: Schamagosch), and Ardud ( German: Erdeed).
After World War II, many evacuated, migrated, or were expelled to what became West Germany. [2] Those who remain in Romania, along with other German-speaking groups in this country, are politically represented by the FDGR/DFDR ( Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania); in Germany, the Landsmannschaft der Sathmarer Schwaben in Deutschland (Territorial Association of Sathmar Swabians in Germany) represents and assists them. [4] Nowadays, many are more or less magyarized and have become Hungarians. [5]
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The Sathmar Swabians' ancestors stem from Upper Swabia ( German: Oberschwaben) (situated in southern Württemberg area), present-day Germany when the first waves of agricultural colonists arrived in north-western and northern Transylvania during the 18th century, during the end of the Modern Age.