VC2-S-AP2 type Victory ship
History
United States
Name	SS Frontenac Victory
Namesake	Frontenac, Missouri
Owner	War Shipping Administration
Operator	Agwilines Inc
Builder	Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard Corp. Baltimore, Maryland
Laid down	November 16, 1944
Launched	January 18, 1945
Completed	February 14, 1945
Identification	IMO number:  5121988
Nickname(s)	victory
Fate	Scrapped in 1973
General characteristics
Class and type	VC2-S-AP3 Victory ship
Tonnage	7,612  GRT 4,553  NRT
Displacement	15,200 tons
Length	455 ft (139 m)
Beam	62 ft (19 m)
Draught	28 ft (8.5 m)
Installed power	8,500  shp (6,300 kW)
Propulsion	HP & LP turbines geared to a single 20.5 ft (6.2 m) propeller
Speed	16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph)
Boats & landing craft carried	4 Lifeboats
Complement	62 Merchant Marine and 28 US Naval Armed Guards
Armament	1 × 5 in (127 mm)/38 caliber gun 1 × 3 in (76 mm)/50 caliber gun 8 × 20 mm Oerlikon
Notes	[1]

SS Frontenac Victory was a Victory ship built for the United States War Shipping Administration late in World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding program. It saw service in the European Theater of Operations in the Atlantic Ocean during 1945, and in the immediate post-war period. SS Frontenac Victory was part of the series of Victory ships named after cities; this particular ship was named after the city of Frontenac, Missouri. It was a type VC2-S-AP2/WSAT cargo ship with the U.S. Maritime Commission (MARCOM), "Victory" (MCV) hull number 625, shipyard number 1597, and built by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation in Baltimore, Maryland. ^{[2] [3]}

SS Frontenac Victory was one of many new 10,500-ton vessels to be known as Victory ships, designed to replace the earlier Liberty ships. Liberty ships were designed to be used solely for World War II, whereas Victory ships were designed to last longer and to serve the US Navy after the war. Victory ships differed from Liberty ships in that they were faster, longer, wider, taller, had a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure and had a long raised forecastle.

World War II

On March 1, 1945, Frontenac Victory collided with the gasoline tanker SS Lone Jack in the Atlantic. The two ships had departed from the US with supplies for the war in Europe, when they collided at 37.42N 57.53W, about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) east of Virginia. Their distress calls were heard by a convoy returning to New York City. The convoy was about 150 nautical miles (280 km; 170 mi) away and its task group commander, Captain Poole, sent two of the convoy's destroyer escorts: USS Hammann and USS Robert E. Peary.

Frontenac Victory had a 30-foot (9.1 m) hole in her bow, but did not sink. Lone Jack had a 30-foot-square (9.1 m) hole in her side, causing her steam engine room to flood. Due to rough seas, the destroyer escorts could not help the ships when they arrived, other than to protect them from potential enemy U-boats. Late in the afternoon of March 2, the captain of Lone Jack gave the order to abandon ship as the tanker had no power and was adrift.

On March 3, Lone Jack was still afloat and a team from USS Hammann was sent to check its seaworthiness. After examination, it was declared she was worth saving, though she was low in the water. Two salvage tugs, USS Kiowa and USS Escape, towed Lone Jack back to port. USS Hammann escorted the three ships back to the US.

Frontenac Victory returned to the US under her own power, and under the protection of USS Robert E. Peary. Frontenac Victory was repaired and put back in service. ^{[4] [5] [6] [7]}

War relief and Seacowboys

In 1946, after World War II, Frontenac Victory was converted to a livestock ship, also called a cowboy ship. From 1945 to 1947, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration and the Brethren Service Committee of the Church of the Brethren sent livestock to war-torn countries. These " seagoing cowboys" made about 360 trips on 73 different ships. The Heifers for Relief project was started by the Church of the Brethren in 1942; in 1953, this became Heifer International. ^[8] Frontenac Victory made four trips moving horses, heifers, and mules, as well as a some chicks, rabbits, and goats. Her trips were to Greece, Poland and Yugoslavia. ^{[9] [10] [11]}

After the war, in 1947, Frontenac Victory was laid up at James River as part of the National Defense Reserve Fleet.

Korean War

SS Frontenac Victory served as a merchant marine ship supplying goods for the Korean War. About 75 percent of the personnel serving in the Korean War and 90 percent of cargo to the war zone was delivered by merchant marine ships. SS Frontenac Victory transported goods, mail, food, and other supplies, making 11 trips between 1951 and 1952. Frontenac Victory participated in the Hungnam redeployment and took supplies to Pusan, Korea. ^{[12] [13] [14]}

On December 21, 1952, the Liberty ship SS Quartette steamed through the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands when high winds and rough seas pushed her onto a coral reef, damaging the two forward cargo holds. On December 22, Frontenac Victory rescued its crew of 36. Quartette had been bound for Pusan with 11,250 tons of milo yellow grain. ^{[15] [16] [17]}

Vietnam War

In 1966 Frontenac Victory was reactivated for the Vietnam War and was operated by the Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company. In 1973, after the war, she was laid up at Suisun Bay's National Defense Reserve Fleet. In 1985 she was scrapped at Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

See also

• List of Victory ships
• Liberty ship
• Type C1 ship
• Type C2 ship
• Type C3 ship

References

Sources

• Sawyer, L.A. and W.H. Mitchell. Victory ships and tankers: The history of the ‘Victory’ type cargo ships and of the tankers built in the United States of America during World War II, Cornell Maritime Press, 1974, 0-87033-182-5.
• United States Maritime Commission: [1]
• Victory Cargo Ships [2]