Human rights in
Madagascar are protected under the
national constitution. However, the extent to which such rights are reflected in practice is subject to debate. The 2009 Human Rights Report by the
United States Department of State noted concerns regarding the suspension of democratic electoral processes as the result of recent political unrest.[1] Furthermore, reports of
corruption,
arbitrary arrest and
child labor highlight the prevalence of human rights issues in the country.[1][2]
Constitution and statutory responses
Parts of this article (those related to the constitution - new constitution has been adopted) need to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(April 2013)
Accusations of media
censorship have risen due to the alleged restrictions on the coverage of government opposition.[25] During the leadership conflict, Ravalomanana ordered the closure of "Viva TV", which was owned by his opponent, Rajoelina.[1]
The existence of key legal principles such as the
rule of law and
due process, is in question due to the increase in arbitrary and politically motivated arrests during the leadership conflict. In December 2014, the List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor indicated that children in Madagascar engaged in three activities, namely vanilla production, stone quarrying, and sapphire mining. [citation needed]
Poverty
The people of
Madagascar are afflicted by extreme levels and rates of
poverty. As of 2005, the Eastern coast of the country had astoundingly high poverty rates of around 80% while urban areas are just over 50%.[27] Over 20% of the population lived on under $11.25 per day and over 80% of the population on under $15.00 per day as of 2010.
The country has seen major improvements in
literacy rates. Generally, a correlation exists between literacy rates and poverty. Should the progress in increasing the number of literate Madagascans continue, poverty rates should begin to decline respectively.[28]
Historical situation
The following chart shows Madagascar's ratings since 1972 in the
Freedom in the World reports, published annually by
Freedom House. A rating of 1 is "free"; 7, "not free".[29]1
1.^ Note that the "Year" signifies the "Year covered". Therefore the information for the year marked 2008 is from the report published in 2009, and so on.
3.^ The 1982 report covers 1981 and the first half of 1982, and the following 1984 report covers the second half of 1982 and the whole of 1983. In the interest of simplicity, these two aberrant "year and a half" reports have been split into three year-long reports through interpolation.
^ This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
public domain. Peter J. Schraeder (August 1994). "Constitution and Institutions of Governance". In Meditz, Helen Chapin (ed.). Indian Ocean: five island countries.
Federal Research Division,
Library of Congress.
LCCN95016570.