The Miridae are a large and diverse insect family at one time known by the
taxonomic synonymCapsidae.[1] Species in the family may be referred to as capsid bugs or "mirid bugs".
Common names include plant bugs, leaf bugs, and grass bugs. It is the largest family of true bugs belonging to the suborder
Heteroptera; it includes over 10,000 known species, and new ones are being described constantly. Most widely known mirids are species that are notorious agricultural pests that pierce plant tissues, feed on the sap, and sometimes transmit viral plant diseases. Some species however, are predatory.
Description
Miridae are small, terrestrial insects, usually oval-shaped or elongate and measuring less than 12 millimetres (0.5 in) in length. Many of them have a hunched look, because of the shape of the
prothorax, which carries the head bent down. Some are brightly coloured and attractively patterned, others drab or dark, most being inconspicuous. Some genera are ant
mimics at certain stages of life. Miridae do not have any ocelli. Their rostrum has four segments. One useful feature in identifying members of the family is the presence of a
cuneus; it is the triangular tip of the
corium, the firm,
sclerotized part of the forewing, the hemelytron. The cuneus is visible in nearly all Miridae, and only in a few other
Hemiptera, notably the family
Anthocoridae, which are not much like the Miridae in other ways. The
tarsi almost always have three segments.[2]
Some mirid species
Lygus bugs (Lygus spp.), including the tarnished and western tarnished plant bugs, are serious pests in the
cotton,
strawberry, and
alfalfa industries.
This family includes a large number of
species, many of which are still unknown, distributed in more than 1300 genera. The taxonomic tree includes the following subfamilies and numerous tribes:
^Henry, T. J. and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., 1988A. Family Miridae Hahn, 1833 (= Capsidae Burmeister, 1835). The plant bugs, pp. 251--507. In: Henry, T. J. and R. C. Froeschner (eds.), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs of Canada and the Continental United States. E. J. Brill, Leiden.
^Richards, O. W.; Davies, R.G. (1977). Imms' General Textbook of Entomology: Volume 1: Structure, Physiology and Development Volume 2: Classification and Biology. Berlin: Springer.
ISBN0-412-61390-5.
^McGregor, Robert R.; Gillespie, David R.; Quiring, Donald M.J.; Foisy, Mitch R.J. (1999). "Potential Use of Dicyphus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) for Biological Control of Pests of Greenhouse Tomatoes". Biological Control. 16 (1): 104–110.
doi:
10.1006/bcon.1999.0743.
Cassis, G.; Schuh, R. T. (2012). "Systematics, Biodiversity, Biogeography, and Host Associations of the Miridae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha)". Annual Review of Entomology. 57: 377–404.
doi:
10.1146/annurev-ento-121510-133533.
PMID22149267.