Piperales Temporal range:
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Piper aduncum | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Magnoliids |
Order: |
Piperales Bercht. & J.Presl [2] |
Families | |
Synonyms [3] | |
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Piperales is an order of flowering plants (4,170 recognized species). It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include black pepper, kava, the many Peperomias, pepper elder, lizard's tail, birthwort, and wild ginger. [4]
In the APG IV system, of 2016, this order is placed in the clade magnoliids and is circumscribed as follows: [5]
The current composition and phylogeny of the Piperales. [5] [3] |
This is an expansion from the APG system, of 1998, which used the same placement (in the magnoliids) but used this circumscription:
The Cronquist system, of 1981, placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of class Magnoliopsida [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archichlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, assigned the order to the Monochlamydeae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones. It used the circumscription: