Parallel society refers to the self-organization of an ethnic or religious minority, often but not always immigrant groups, with the intent of a reduced or minimal spatial, social and cultural contact with the majority society into which they immigrate. [1]
The term was introduced into the debate about migration and integration in the early 1990s by the German sociologist Wilhelm Heitmeyer. [2] It rose to prominence in the European public discourse following the murder of Dutch director and critic of Islam Theo van Gogh.[ citation needed] In 2004, it was elected by the Association for the German Language second as Word of the year.[ citation needed]
See also
- Pillarisation
- Multiculturalism
- Leitkultur
- Auto-segregation
- Ghetto
- Dhimmi
- Parallel Polis, the deliberate creation of a parallel society to overcome oppressive systems
- Sensitive urban zone (France)
- Vulnerable residential area (Denmark)
- Vulnerable area (Sweden)
References
- ^ Parallelgesellschaften?, Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, No. 1–2 (2006)
- ^ Integration, Social Networks and Economic Success of Immigrants: A Case Study of the Turkish Community in Berlin
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