Otis Rush Jr. (April 29, 1934 – September 29, 2018)[1] was an American
blues guitarist and singer-songwriter. His distinctive guitar style featured a slow-burning sound and long
bent notes. With qualities similar to the styles of other 1950s artists
Magic Sam and
Buddy Guy, his sound became known as
West Side Chicago blues and was an influence on many musicians, including
Michael Bloomfield,
Peter Green and
Eric Clapton.
Rush was left-handed and played as such; however, his guitars were strung with the low E string at the bottom, upside-down from typical guitarists.[2] He often played with the little finger of his pick hand curled under the low E for positioning. It is widely believed that this contributed to his distinctive sound. He had a wide-ranging, powerful
tenor voice.[3]
Early life
Rush was born near
Philadelphia, Mississippi in 1934, the son of farmers Julia Campbell Boyd and Otis C. Rush,.[4][5] He was one of seven children and worked on a farm throughout his childhood.[5] At the age of eight, Rush taught himself how to play guitar; he also sang in local church choirs.[5]
Cobra Records went bankrupt in 1959, and Rush signed a recording contract with
Chess Records in 1960.[3] He recorded eight tracks for the label, four of which were released on two singles that year. Six tracks, including the two singles, were later included on the album Door to Door in 1969, a compilation also featuring Chess recordings by
Albert King.[8] Rush went into the studio for
Duke Records in 1962, but only one single, "Homework" backed with "I Have to Laugh", was issued by the label.[9] It was also released in
Great Britain as Vocalion VP9260 in 1963. In 1965, he recorded for
Vanguard; these recordings are included on the label's compilation album Chicago/The Blues/Today! Vol. 2. Rush began playing in other cities in the United States and in Europe during the 1960s, notably with the
American Folk Blues Festival.[10]Unofficial recordings at this festival in 1967 and at the University of Chicago Folkfest in 1966 were later released together with recordings of
Little Walter.[11] In 1969, his album Mourning in the Morning was released by
Cotillion Records. Recorded at the
FAME Studios in
Muscle Shoals, Alabama, the album was produced by Michael Bloomfield and
Nick Gravenites (then of the band
Electric Flag). The sound incorporated
soul music and rock, a new direction for Rush.[12]
"Rush is a 'good singer' with a 'good instrument'—sweet, penetrating, slurred—but the words aren't where his soul goes. It goes into the
form itself. Like
B.B. King's, only less predictably by now, his
solos expand upon the
Chicago verities in almost
jazzlike flights without ever transgressing against them."
In 1971, Rush recorded the album Right Place, Wrong Time in San Francisco for
Capitol Records, but Capitol did not release it. The album was finally issued in 1976, when Rush purchased the master from Capitol and had it released by
P-Vine Records in Japan. Bullfrog Records released it in the United States soon after.[3] The album has since gained a reputation as one of his best works.[14][15] He also released some albums for
Delmark Records and for
Sonet Records in Europe during the 1970s, but by the end of the decade he had stopped performing and recording.[3]
Rush made a comeback in 1985 with a U.S. tour and the release of a live album, Tops, recorded at the
San Francisco Blues Festival.[16]
Rush released Ain't Enough Comin' In in 1994, his first studio album in 16 years.[3][7]Any Place I'm Goin' followed in 1998, and he earned his first
Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album in 1999. Rush did not record a new studio album after 1998 but he continued to tour and perform until 2003, when he suffered a stroke. In 2002, he was featured on the
Bo Diddley tribute album Hey Bo Diddley – A Tribute!, performing the song "
I'm a Man", produced by
Carla Olson. Rush's 2006 album Live...and in Concert from San Francisco, a live recording from 1999, was released by Blues Express Records.[3] Video footage of the same show was released on the DVD Live Part 1 in 2003.[17]
In June 2016, Rush made a rare appearance at the
Chicago Blues Festival in
Grant Park. Chicago Mayor
Rahm Emanuel honored Rush's appearance by declaring June 12 to be Otis Rush Day in Chicago. Due to his ongoing health problems Rush was unable to play, but was present with his family.[18]
In 2015, Rolling Stone ranked Rush number 53 on its 100 Greatest Guitarists list.[19]
The
Jazz Foundation of America honored Rush with a Lifetime Achievement Award on April 20, 2018 "for a lifetime of genius and leaving an indelible mark in the world of blues and the universal language of music."[20]
Death
Rush died on September 29, 2018, from complications of a stroke. His death was announced on his website by his wife Masaki.[1]
Gregg Parker, CEO and a founder of the Chicago Blues Museum said of Rush: "He was one of the last great blues guitar heroes. He was an electric god".[21] Writing in The New York Times, Bill Friskics-Warren said, "A richly emotive singer and a guitarist of great skill and imagination, Mr. Rush was in the vanguard of a small circle of late-1950s innovators, including
Buddy Guy and
Magic Sam, whose music, steeped in R&B, heralded a new era for Chicago blues."[22]