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Osteosclerosis
Sclerosis of the bones of the pelvis due to prostate cancer metastases
Specialty Medical genetics  Edit this on Wikidata

Osteosclerosis is a disorder that is characterized by abnormal hardening of bone and an elevation in bone density. It may predominantly affect the medullary portion and/or cortex of bone. Plain radiographs are a valuable tool for detecting and classifying osteosclerotic disorders. [1] [2] It can manifest in localized or generalized osteosclerosis. Localized osteosclerosis can be caused by Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease, sickle-cell disease and osteoarthritis among others. Osteosclerosis can be classified in accordance with the causative factor into acquired and hereditary. [2] [1]

Types

Acquired osteosclerosis

Skeletal fluorosis

Hereditary osteosclerosis

Diagnosis

Osteosclerosis can be detected with a simple radiography. There are white portions of the bone which appear due to the increased number of bone trabeculae.[ citation needed]

Animals

In the animal kingdom, there also exists a non-pathological form of osteosclerosis, resulting in unusually solid bone structure with little to no marrow. It is often seen in aquatic vertebrates, especially those living in shallow waters, [8] providing ballast as an adaptation for an aquatic lifestyle. It makes bones heavier, but also more fragile. In those animal groups, osteosclerosis often occurs together with bone thickening ( pachyostosis). This joint occurrence is called pachyosteosclerosis. [9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b EL-Sobky TA, Elsobky E, Sadek I, Elsayed SM, Khattab MF (2016). "A case of infantile osteopetrosis: The radioclinical features with literature update". Bone Rep. 4: 11–16. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2015.11.002. PMC  4926827. PMID  28326337.{{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link)
  2. ^ a b c d e f Ihde LL, Forrester DM, Gottsegen CJ, Masih S, Patel DB, Vachon LA; et al. (2011). "Sclerosing bone dysplasias: Review and differentiation from other causes of osteosclerosis". RadioGraphics. 31 (7): 1865–82. doi: 10.1148/rg.317115093. PMID  22084176.{{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link)
  3. ^ Niederhauser, BD; Dingli, D; Kyle, RA; Ringler, MD (July 2014). "Imaging findings in 22 cases of Schnitzler syndrome: characteristic para-articular osteosclerosis, and the "hot knees" sign differential diagnosis". Skeletal Radiology. 43 (7): 905–15. doi: 10.1007/s00256-014-1857-y. PMID  24652142. S2CID  1597002.
  4. ^ Orsolini, Giovanni; Viapiana, Ombretta; Rossini, Maurizio; Bonifacio, Massimiliano; Zanotti, Roberta (August 2018). "Bone Disease in Mastocytosis". Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America. 38 (3): 443–454. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2018.04.013. PMID  30007462. S2CID  51628281.
  5. ^ Soubrier, M; Dubost, JJ; Jouanel, P; Tridon, A; Flori, B; Leguille, C; Ristori, JM; Bussière, JL (1994). "[Multiple complications of monoclonal IgM]". La Revue de Médecine Interne. 15 (7): 484–6. doi: 10.1016/s0248-8663(05)81474-2. PMID  7938961.
  6. ^ Fiore CE, Riccobene S, Mangiafico R, Santoro F, Pennisi P (2005). "Hepatitis C-associated osteosclerosis (HCAO): report of a new case with involvement of the OPG/RANKL system" (PDF). Osteoporos Int. 16 (12): 2180–4. doi: 10.1007/s00198-005-1858-8. PMID  15983730. S2CID  39008572.
  7. ^ EL-Sobky TA, El-Haddad A, Elsobky E, Elsayed SM, Sakr HM (2017). "Reversal of skeletal radiographic pathology in a case of malignant infantile osteopetrosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation". Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med. 48 (1): 237–43. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2016.12.013.{{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link)
  8. ^ Houssaye, A. (2009). "Pachyostosis" in aquatic amniotes: a review. Integrative Zoology 4(4): 325-340.
  9. ^ Crowell, Madelyn Galimore; Rahmat, Sulman; Koretsky, Irina (2020). "Correlation of Bone Density in Semi‐Aquatic and Aquatic Animals with Ecological and Dietary Specializations". The FASEB Journal. 34 (S1). Wiley: 1. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.01860. ISSN  0892-6638. S2CID  218789355.

External links