Northgrippian References

Northgrippian
Northgrippian
0.0082 – 0.0042 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Chronology
−12 — – −11 — – −10 — – −9 — – −8 — – −7 — – −6 — – −5 — – −4 — – −3 — – −2 — – −1 — – 0 —	Cenozoic Quaternary PC Holocene "Upper" Greenlandian Northgrippian Meghalayan
	Ages of the Holocene Epoch. ; Axis scale: thousands of years ago.;
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Name ratified	14 June 2018
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global ( ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Age
Stratigraphic unit	Stage
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	8.2 kiloyear event
Lower boundary GSSP	NGRIP1 ice core, Greenland; 75°06′00″N 42°19′12″W / 75.1000°N 42.3200°W
Lower GSSP ratified	14 June 2018
Upper boundary definition	4.2 kiloyear event
Upper boundary GSSP	Mawmluh Cave, Meghalaya, India; 25°15′44″N 91°42′54″E / 25.2622°N 91.7150°E
Upper GSSP ratified	14 June 2018

In the geologic time scale, the Northgrippian is the middle one of three ages or stages of the Holocene Epoch or Series.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] It was officially ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in June 2018 along with the earlier Greenlandian and later Meghalayan ages/stages. The age takes its name from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NorthGRIP).^[4] The age began 8,276 BP (6326 BCE or 3854 HE), near the 8.2-kiloyear event, and goes up to the start of the Meghalayan, which began 4,200 BP (2250 BCE or 7750 HE), near the 4.2-kiloyear event.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Walker, Mike; Head, Martin J.; Berkelhammer, Max; Björck, Svante; Cheng, Hai; Cwynar, Les; Fisher, David; Gkinis, Vasilios; Long, Anthony; Lowe, John; Newnham, Rewi; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Weiss, Harvey (1 December 2018). "Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/ Epoch (Quaternary System/Period): two new Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) and three new stages/subseries" (PDF). Episodes. 41 (4). Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS): 213–223. doi: 10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016. Retrieved 28 August 2020. This proposal on behalf of the SQS has been approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).
^ Head, Martin J. (17 May 2019). "Formal subdivision of the Quaternary System/Period: Present status and future directions". Quaternary International. 500: 32–51. Bibcode: 2019QuInt.500...32H. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2019.05.018. S2CID 182783922.
^ Cohen, K. M.; Finney, S. C.; Gibbard, P. L.; Fan, J-X. (January 2020). "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
^ ^a ^b International Commission on Stratigraphy. "ICS chart containing the Quaternary and Cambrian GSSPs and new stages (v 2018/07) is now released!". Retrieved 19 July 2018.
^ Radha-Udayakumar, Ganesh (19 July 2018). "Scientists call our era the Meghalayan Age. Here's what the world was like when it began". India Today. New Delhi: Living Media India Limited. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
^ "'Meghalayan Age': Latest phase in Earth's history named after Indian state, began 4,200 years ago". Scroll.in. 19 July 2018.
^ Amos, Jonathan (18 July 2018). "Welcome to the Meghalayan Age – a new phase in history". BBC News. Retrieved 19 July 2018.

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[FRS-1] Walker, Mike; Head, Martin J.; Berkelhammer, Max; Björck, Svante; Cheng, Hai; Cwynar, Les; Fisher, David; Gkinis, Vasilios; Long, Anthony; Lowe, John; Newnham, Rewi; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Weiss, Harvey (1 December 2018). "Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/ Epoch (Quaternary System/Period): two new Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) and three new stages/subseries" (PDF). Episodes. 41 (4). Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS): 213–223. doi: 10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016. Retrieved 28 August 2020. This proposal on behalf of the SQS has been approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).

[2] Head, Martin J. (17 May 2019). "Formal subdivision of the Quaternary System/Period: Present status and future directions". Quaternary International. 500: 32–51. Bibcode: 2019QuInt.500...32H. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2019.05.018. S2CID 182783922.

[ICS-3] Cohen, K. M.; Finney, S. C.; Gibbard, P. L.; Fan, J-X. (January 2020). "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 8 January 2021.

[ics-4] International Commission on Stratigraphy. "ICS chart containing the Quaternary and Cambrian GSSPs and new stages (v 2018/07) is now released!". Retrieved 19 July 2018.

[5] Radha-Udayakumar, Ganesh (19 July 2018). "Scientists call our era the Meghalayan Age. Here's what the world was like when it began". India Today. New Delhi: Living Media India Limited. Retrieved 3 January 2021.

[6] "'Meghalayan Age': Latest phase in Earth's history named after Indian state, began 4,200 years ago". Scroll.in. 19 July 2018.

[7] Amos, Jonathan (18 July 2018). "Welcome to the Meghalayan Age – a new phase in history". BBC News. Retrieved 19 July 2018.

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v t e Holocene/ Anthropocene
ICS stages/ ages (official)	Preceded by the Pleistocene Greenlandian ( 11.7* – 8.236* ka) Northgrippian (8.236 – 4.2† ka) Meghalayan (4.2 ka – present)
Blytt–Sernander stages/ages	Pleistocene Preboreal ( 10.3† ka – 9† ka) Boreal ( 9 ka – 7.5† ka) Atlantic ( 7.5 ka – 5† ka) Subboreal ( 5 ka – 2.5† ka) Subatlantic (2.5 ka – present)
*Relative to year 2000 ( b2k). †Relative to year 1950 ( BP/Before "Present").

See also

References