From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

National selections refer to the processes in which the broadcasters of the countries participating in the annual Eurovision Song Contest select the artist and song that will represent them in the contest. [1]

The two principal ways for broadcasters to select their entries are open selections (national finals) and closed selections (internal selections). [1] Since the introduction of semi-finals in the 2004 contest – due to the extensive amount of participating countries – and the rule of the " Big Five" countries ( France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom), [2] [3] a wide range of countries have often alternated between national finals and internal selections based on final placing at the contest.

National finals

Loreen, who won the contest in 2012 and 2023 with her songs " Euphoria" and " Tattoo", was chosen through the Swedish annual national final, Melodifestivalen. [4] [5]

National finals are the process in which the public of a country can choose the artist with their song, often combining public televoting with the vote of an expert jury. [1]

Organised by the broadcaster, these national finals (consisting of one or more shows) can be televised or non-televised, however, most of the time they are televised as prime-time television shows. [1] On several occasions, the artist is selected internally and the public of the country chooses a song for them through a national final. Alternatively, the broadcaster can select a song and make the public choose the artist that will perform the song through a national final. [1]

Among the most well-known national finals is Melodifestivalen in Sweden, which features six live shows (four heats, a "Second Chance" show and a final in Stockholm) in different cities across the country. [6] In 2012, over an estimated four million people in Sweden watched the final, almost half of the Swedish population. [7] [8]

Saara Aalto, the Finnish representative in the 2018 contest, was selected under a mixed format; she was internally selected by the Finnish broadcaster Yle, and her song " Monsters" was chosen at the Finnish national final, UMK, among her other songs " Domino" and " Queens". [9]

Another example of a long-running national final format is Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu (UMK) in Finland; in 2018 and 2019, each participant wanting to represent Finland sent three songs to the Finnish public broadcaster Yle, which would select the entrant, and the public of the country would then choose one song among the three that the selected entrant had presented to the broadcaster previously, through a televised final. [10] [11] [12] [13] In 2020, this format was abandoned in favour of a return to the open format seen between 2012 and 2017. [14] [15]

Albania, Denmark and Estonia are the only countries that have always selected their entries via a national final. Latvia has selected all of its entries via a national final, except in 2021, when it internally selected its intended entrant for the cancelled 2020 contest. Finland has selected all of its songs via a national final, but in 2018 and 2019, the artist was chosen internally. Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro also selected all of their entries via a national final during their existence.

Internal selections

Duncan Laurence, who won the 2019 contest with his song " Arcade", was internally selected by the Dutch broadcaster AVROTROS. [16]

Internal selections are the process in which the broadcaster of a country appoints a committee or expert panel to select either the artist and the song, sometimes both, without holding a public vote. [1]

Even though the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) "strongly" encourages countries to hold their own national finals, [1] several countries such as Russia, [17] Azerbaijan [18] and Bulgaria [19] are among those that have opted for internal selections for most of their entries in the contest. Choosing this method is also a common strategy for countries after having failed to qualify for the final on several occasions. [20] [21]

Participants

As of 2023, 52 countries have participated in the contest at least once, and a record 43 countries participated in 2008, 2011 and 2018. [22] [23] [24]

Table key
Inactive – countries which participated in the past but did not appear in the most recent contest, or will not appear in the upcoming contest
Ineligible – countries whose broadcasters have been suspended from the European Broadcasting Union and are therefore ineligible to participate
Former – countries which previously participated but no longer exist
Selection history of the participating countries
Country Debut year Latest entry National final [a] Internal selection [a] Absent years Broadcaster(s)
  Belgium 1956 2023

Eurosong

  • 1956–1963
  • 1965–1984
  • 1986–1989
  • 1991–1993
  • 1995–1996
  • 1998–2000
  • 2002
  • 2004–2006
  • 2008
  • 2011–2014
  • 2016
  • 2023

Total: 51

  • 1964
  • 1985
  • 1990
  • 2003
  • 2007
  • 2009–2010
  • 2015
  • 2017–2022
  • 2024

Total: 14

  • 1994
  • 1997
  • 2001
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 4

VRT ( Dutch)
RTBF ( French) [c]
  France 1956 2023
  • 1957–1958 (song)
  • 1961
  • 1970
  • 1973
  • 1976–1979
  • 1980–1981
  • 1983–1987
  • 1999–2000
  • 2005
  • 2006 (artist)
  • 2007
  • 2014

Destination Eurovision

  • 2018–2019

Eurovision France, c'est vous qui décidez ! [ fr]

  • 2021–2022

Total: 22

  • 1956
  • 1957–1958 (artist)
  • 1959
  • 1960
  • 1962–1969
  • 1971–1972
  • 1975
  • 1988–1998
  • 2001–2004
  • 2006 (song)
  • 2008–2013
  • 2015–2017
  • 2020
  • 2023–2024

Total: 42

Total: 3

RTF (1956–1964)
ORTF (1965–1974)
TF1 (1975–1981)
A2F (1983–1992)
France Télévisions (1993–present)
  Germany 1956 2023
  • 1956–1958
  • 1960–1965
  • 1969–1973
  • 1975–1976
  • 1978–1992
  • 1996–2008
  • 2022
  • 2024

Unser Lied [ de]

  • 2010–2019
  • 2023

Total: 57

  • 1959
  • 1966–1968
  • 1974
  • 1977
  • 1993–1995
  • 2009
  • 2020–2021

Total: 12

Total: 2

HR (1956–1976) ( ARD)
BR (1977–1991) (ARD)
MDR (1992–1995) (ARD)
ARD/NDR (1996–present)
  Italy 1956 2023

Sanremo Music Festival

  • 1956–1969
  • 1987–1990
  • 1992–1993
  • 1997
  • 2011–2013
  • 2015–2024

Canzonissima

  • 1970–1975

Total: 49

  • 1976–1980
  • 1983–1985
  • 1991
  • 2014

Total: 10

  • 1981–1982
  • 1986
  • 1994–1996
  • 1998–2010
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 20

RAI
  Luxembourg 1956 1993
  • 1965
  • 1971
  • 1976
  • 1978
  • 1989
  • 1992

Luxembourg Song Contest

  • 2024

Total: 5

  • 1956–1958
  • 1960–1964
  • 1966-1970
  • 1972-1975
  • 1977
  • 1979–1988
  • 1990–1991
  • 1993

Total: 33

  • 1959
  • 1994–2022

Total: 30

CLT
   Switzerland 1956 2023

Concours Eurovision

  • 1956–1957
  • 1959–1961
  • 1963–1970
  • 1972–1993
  • 1998
  • 2000
  • 2002
  • 2004

Die Grosse Entscheidungsshow

  • 2011–2018

Total: 38

  • 1958
  • 1962
  • 1971
  • 1994
  • 1996–1997
  • 2005–2010
  • 2019–2024

Total: 18

  • 1995
  • 1999
  • 2001
  • 2003
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 5

SRG SSR
  Netherlands 1956 2023

Nationaal Songfestival

  • 1956–1960
  • 1962–1979
  • 1981–1984
  • 1986–1990
  • 1992–1994
  • 1996–2001
  • 2003–2006
  • 2009–2012

Total: 48

  • 1961
  • 1980
  • 2007–2008
  • 2013–2024

Total: 15

  • 1985
  • 1991
  • 1995
  • 2002
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 5

NTS (1956–1969)
NOS (1970–2009)
TROS (2010–2013)
AVROTROS (2014–present)
  Austria 1957 2023
  • 1981–1984
  • 1990–1991
  • 1993–1994
  • 2002–2005
  • 2011–2013
  • 2015–2016

Total: 16

  • 1957–1968
  • 1971–1972
  • 1976–1980
  • 1985–1989
  • 1992
  • 1995–1997
  • 1999–2000
  • 2007
  • 2014
  • 2017–2024

Total: 40

  • 1969–1970
  • 1973–1975
  • 1998
  • 2001
  • 2006
  • 2008–2010
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 12

ORF
  Denmark 1957 2023

Dansk Melodi Grand Prix

  • 1957–1966
  • 1978–1993
  • 1995–1997
  • 1999–2002
  • 2004–2024

Total: 53

  • 1967–1977
  • 1994
  • 1996 [e]
  • 1998
  • 2003
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 16

DR
  United Kingdom 1957 2023

Festival of British Popular Songs

  • 1957

A Song for Europe

  • 1959–1963
  • 1964–1975
  • 1976–1991
  • 1992–1994
  • 1995
  • 2000–2003

The Great British Song Contest

  • 1996–1999

Eurovision: Making Your Mind Up

  • 2004–2007

Eurovision: Your Decision

  • 2008

Eurovision: Your Country Needs You

  • 2009–2010

Eurovision: You Decide

  • 2016–2019

Total: 57

  • 2011–2015
  • 2020–2024

Total: 10

Total: 2

BBC
  Sweden 1958 2023

Melodifestivalen

  • 1959–1963
  • 1965–1969
  • 1971–1975
  • 1977–2024

Total: 62

  • 1958

Total: 1

  • 1964
  • 1970
  • 1976
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 4

Sveriges Radiotjänst (1958)
SR (1959–1979)
SVT (1980–present)
  Monaco 1959 2006
  • 1959–1979
  • 2004–2006

Total: 24

  • 1980–2003
  • 2007–2024

Total: 42

TMC
  Norway 1960 2023

Melodi Grand Prix

  • 1960–1969
  • 1971–1990
  • 1992–2001
  • 2003–2024

Total: 51

  • 1991

Total: 1

  • 1970
  • 2002
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 3

NRK
  Finland 1961 2023

Euroviisukarsinta

  • 1961–1969
  • 1971–1994
  • 1996
  • 1998
  • 2000
  • 2002
  • 2004–2011

Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu (UMK)

  • 2012–2024 (song selection only in 2018 and 2019)

Total: 48

  • 2018–2019 (artist)

Total: 2

  • 1970
  • 1995
  • 1997
  • 1999
  • 2001
  • 2003
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 7

Yle
  Spain 1961 2023
  • 1961–1962
  • 1964–1965
  • 1969 (song)
  • 1970
  • 1971 (artist)
  • 1976
  • 1979
  • 2005
  • 2007–2010
  • 2012 (song)
  • 2014

Eurocanción [ es]

  • 2000–2001

Operación Triunfo (OT)

  • 2002–2004
  • 2018–2019

Destino Eurovisión [ es]

  • 2011
  • 2013
  • 2021 (song)

Objetivo Eurovisión [ es]

  • 2016–2017

Benidorm Fest

  • 2022–2024

Total: 29

  • 1963
  • 1966–1968
  • 1969 (artist)
  • 1971 (song)
  • 1972–1975
  • 1977–1999
  • 2006
  • 2012–2013 (artist)
  • 2015
  • 2020
  • 2021 (artist)

Total: 38

Total: 1

RTVE
  Yugoslavia 1961 1992

Jugovizija

  • 1961–1972
  • 1981–1992

Opatija Festival

  • 1973–1976

Total: 28

  • 1977–1980
  • 1985 [d]

Total: 5

  • 1993–present
JRT
  Portugal 1964 2023

Festival da Canção

  • 1964–1969
  • 1971–1999
  • 2001
  • 2003–2004
  • 2006–2012
  • 2014–2015
  • 2017–2024

Total: 54

Total: 1

  • 1970
  • 2000
  • 2002
  • 2013
  • 2016
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 6

RTP
  Ireland 1965 2023

National Song Contest

  • 1965–1982
  • 1984–1986

Eurosong

  • 1987–2001

You're a Star

  • 2003–2005

Eurosong (as part of The Late Late Show)

  • 2006–2007
  • 2008–2015
  • 2022–2024

Total: 52

  • 2016–2021

Total: 6

  • 1983
  • 2002
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 3

RTÉ
  Malta 1971 2023

Malta Song for Europe

  • 1971–1972
  • 1975
  • 1991–2010

Malta Eurovision Song Contest

  • 2011–2015
  • 2016 (artist)
  • 2017–2018
  • 2022 (artist)
  • 2023–2024

X Factor Malta

  • 2019–2020 (artist)

Total: 35

  • 2016 (song)
  • 2019–2020 (song)
  • 2021
  • 2022 (song)

Total: 5

Total: 18

PBS
  Israel 1973 2023

Israel Song Festival

  • 1978–1979

Kdam Eurovision

  • 1980–1989
  • 1991–1993
  • 1995–1996
  • 2001
  • 2005–2006
  • 2008–2011
  • 2013
  • 2014

HaKokhav HaBa

  • 2015 (artist)
  • 2016
  • 2017–2020 (artist)
  • 2024 (artist)

HaShir HaBa L'Eurovizion

  • 2020 (song)

HaShir Shelanu L'Eurovizion

  • 2021 (song)

The X Factor Israel

  • 2022

Total: 35

  • 1973–1977
  • 1990
  • 1998–2000
  • 2002–2004
  • 2007
  • 2012
  • 2015 (song)
  • 2017–2019 (song)
  • 2021 (artist)
  • 2023
  • 2024 (song)

Total: 20

Total: 6

IBA (1973–2017)
IPBC/Kan (2018–present)
  Greece 1974 2023

Ellinikós Telikós

  • 1979–1980
  • 1982–1983
  • 1986–1991
  • 1998
  • 2001–2003
  • 2007–2012

Eurosong - A MAD Show

  • 2013–2015

Total: 22

  • 1974
  • 1976–1978
  • 1981
  • 1985
  • 1992–1997
  • 2004–2006
  • 2016–2024

Total: 23

  • 1975
  • 1982 [d]
  • 1984
  • 1986 [d]
  • 1999–2000
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 7

ERT (1974–2013, 2016–present)
NERIT (2014–2015)
  Turkey 1975 2012
  • 1975
  • 1978–1979
  • 1980–1993
  • 1995–2002
  • 2004–2005

Total: 29

  • 2003
  • 2006–2012

Total: 8

  • 1976–1977
  • 1979 [d]
  • 1994
  • 2013–2024

Total: 16

TRT
  Morocco 1980 1980
  • 1980

Total: 1

  • 1981–2024

Total: 44

SNRT
  Cyprus 1981 2023
  • 1984
  • 1990–2000
  • 2004–2006
  • 2008–2012
  • 2015

Total: 21

  • 1981–1983
  • 1985–1989
  • 2002–2003
  • 2007
  • 2013
  • 2016–2024

Total: 21

Total: 4

CyBC
  Iceland 1986 2023

Söngvakeppnin

  • 1986–1994
  • 2000–2001
  • 2003
  • 2006–2020
  • 2022–2024

Total: 29

  • 1995–1997
  • 1999
  • 2004–2005
  • 2021

Total: 7

  • 1998
  • 2002
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 3

RÚV
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 1993 2016

BH Eurosong

  • 1993–1997
  • 1999
  • 2001–2005

Total: 11

  • 2006–2012
  • 2016

Total: 8

  • 1998
  • 2000
  • 2013–2015
  • 2017–2024

Total: 13

BHRT
  Croatia 1993 2023

Dora

  • 1993–2011
  • 2019–2024

Total: 25

  • 2012–2013
  • 2016–2018

Total: 5

  • 2014–2015
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 3

HRT
  Estonia 1994 [g] 2023

Eurolaul

  • 1993–1994
  • 1996–2008

Eesti Laul

  • 2009–2024

Total: 30

Total: 2

ERR
  Hungary 1994 [g] 2019
  • 1993–1994
  • 1996–1997
  • 2005
  • 2007–2008

A Dal

  • 2012–2019

Total: 13

  • 1995
  • 1998
  • 2009
  • 2011

Total: 5

  • 1996 [e]
  • 1999–2004
  • 2006
  • 2010
  • 2020 [b]
  • 2021–2024

Total: 14

MTVA
  Romania 1994 [g] 2023

Selecția Națională

  • 1993–1994
  • 1996
  • 1998
  • 2000
  • 2002–2019
  • 2020 (song)
  • 2022–2023

Total: 26

  • 2020 (artist)
  • 2021

Total: 2

  • 1995
  • 1996 [e]
  • 1997
  • 1999
  • 2001
  • 2016 [d]
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 7

TVR
  Slovenia 1993 2023

Slovenski izbor za Pesem Evrovizije

  • 1993
  • 1995

Evrovizijska Melodija (EMA)

  • 1996–1999
  • 2001–2011
  • 2014–2020
  • 2022

Misija Evrovizija [ sl]

  • 2012

Total: 26

  • 2013
  • 2021
  • 2023–2024

Total: 4

  • 1994
  • 2000
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 3

RTVSLO
  Slovakia 1994 [g] 2012

Bratislavská lýra

  • 1998

Eurosong

  • 2009–2010

Total: 3

  • 1993–1994
  • 1996
  • 2011–2012

Total: 5

  • 1995
  • 1997
  • 1999–2008
  • 2013–2024

Total: 24

STV (1994–2010)
RTVS (2011–2012)
  Lithuania 1994 2023
  • 1999
  • 2001–2002
  • 2004–2008

Lietuvos Dainų Daina

  • 2009

Eurovizija

  • 2010–2012

Eurovizijos atranka

  • 2013–2019

Pabandom iš naujo!

  • 2020–2023

Eurovizija.LT

  • 2024

Total: 23

  • 1994

Total: 1

  • 1995–1998
  • 2000
  • 2003
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 7

LRT
  Poland 1994 2023

Krajowe Eliminacje

  • 2003–2004
  • 2010–2011
  • 2016–2018

Piosenka dla Europy

  • 2006–2009

Szansa na Sukces

  • 2020

Tu bije serce Europy! Wybieramy hit na Eurowizję

  • 2022–2023

Total: 13

  • 1994–1999
  • 2001
  • 2005
  • 2014–2015
  • 2019
  • 2021
  • 2024

Total: 12

  • 2000
  • 2002
  • 2012–2013
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 5

TVP
  Russia 1994 2021

Evrovidenie

  • 1994
  • 1996
  • 2005
  • 2008–2010
  • 2012
  • 2021

Total: 8

  • 1995
  • 1997
  • 2000–2004
  • 2006–2007
  • 2011
  • 2013–2020

Total: 18

Total: 8

VGTRK (1994, 1996, 2008–2022)
C1R (1995–2022) [h]
Channel One Ostankino [ ru] (1995) [i]
  North Macedonia [j] 1998 [e] 2022

Skopje Fest

  • 1996
  • 1998
  • 2000
  • 2002
  • 2005
  • 2008–2011
  • 2015

Nacionalen Evrosong

  • 2006–2007

Za Evrosong

  • 2022

Total: 13

  • 2004
  • 2012–2014
  • 2016–2021

Total: 9

  • 1999
  • 2001
  • 2003
  • 2020 [b]
  • 2023–2024

Total: 6

MRT
  Latvia 2000 2023

Eirodziesma

  • 2000–2012

Dziesma

  • 2013–2014

Supernova

  • 2015–2020
  • 2022–2024

Total: 23

  • 2021

Total: 1

Total: 1

LTV
  Ukraine 2003 2023
  • 2005–2007
  • 2008 (song)
  • 2009–2014

Vidbir

  • 2016–2020
  • 2022–2024

Total: 17

  • 2003–2004
  • 2008 (artist)
  • 2021

Total: 4

Total: 3

Suspilne
  Albania 2004 2023

Festivali i Këngës

  • 2004–2024

Total: 20

Total:

RTSH
  Andorra 2004 2009
  • 2004–2005
  • 2009

Total: 3

  • 2006–2008

Total: 3

  • 2010–2024

Total: 15

RTVA
  Belarus 2004 2019

Eurofest

  • 2004–2009
  • 2012

Natsionalny Otbor

  • 2013–2020

Total: 15

  • 2010–2011
  • 2021

Total: 3

Total: 5

BTRC
  Serbia and Montenegro 2004 2005 Evropesma
  • 2004–2006

Total: 3

Total: 1

  • 2007–present
UJRT
  Bulgaria 2005 2022
  • 2005–2013

Total: 9

  • 2016–2018
  • 2020–2022

Total: 6

  • 2014–2015
  • 2019
  • 2020 [b]
  • 2023–2024

Total: 6

BNT
  Moldova 2005 2023

O melodie pentru Europa

  • 2005–2006
  • 2008–2019

Finala națională

  • 2020

Etapa națională

  • 2023–2024

Total: 17

  • 2007
  • 2021–2022

Total: 3

Total: 1

TRM
  Armenia 2006 2023
  • 2007
  • 2008 (song)
  • 2009–2011
  • 2013

Depi Evratesil

  • 2017–2018
  • 2020

Total: 9

  • 2006
  • 2008 (artist)
  • 2014–2016
  • 2019
  • 2022–2023

Total: 8

Total: 3

AMPTV
  Czech Republic 2007 2023

Eurosong

  • 2007–2008

Eurovision Song CZ

  • 2018–2020
  • 2022–2024

Total: 8

  • 2009
  • 2015–2017
  • 2021

Total: 5

  • 2010–2014
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 6

ČT
  Georgia 2007 2023
  • 2007–2012
  • 2015–2017

Georgian Idol

  • 2019
  • 2020 (artist)

The Voice Georgia

  • 2023 (artist)

Total: 11

  • 2013–2014
  • 2018
  • 2020 (song)
  • 2021–2022
  • 2023 (song)
  • 2024

Total: 8

Total: 2

GPB
  Montenegro 2007 2022

MontenegroSong

  • 2007–2008

Montevizija

  • 2018–2019

Total: 4

  • 2009
  • 2012–2017
  • 2022

Total: 8

  • 2010–2011
  • 2020 [b]
  • 2021
  • 2023–2024

Total: 6

RTCG
  Serbia 2007 2023

Beovizija

  • 2007–2009
  • 2018–2020

Internally selected composers

  • 2010–2011
  • 2015

Beosong

  • 2013

Pesma za Evroviziju

  • 2022–2024

Total: 12

  • 2012
  • 2016–2017
  • 2021

Total: 4

Total: 2

RTS
  Azerbaijan 2008 2023

Land of Fire

  • 2008
  • 2010

Milli Seçim Turu

  • 2011–2012 (artist)
  • 2013

Böyük Səhnə

  • 2014

Total: 6

  • 2009
  • 2011–2012 (song)
  • 2015–2024

Total: 12

Total: 1

İTV
  San Marino 2008 2023

1in360

  • 2018

Digital Battle

  • 2020 (song)

Una voce per San Marino

  • 2022–2024

Total: 4

  • 2008
  • 2011–2017
  • 2019
  • 2020 (artist)
  • 2021

Total: 11

  • 2009–2010
  • 2020 [b]

Total: 3

SMRTV
  Australia 2015 2023

Eurovision – Australia Decides

  • 2019–2020
  • 2022

Total: 3

  • 2015–2018
  • 2021
  • 2023

Total: 6

Total: 1

SBS

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ a b The list includes years in which the country planned to participate, but later withdrew.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq The 2020 contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Italic indicates the country that planned to participate.
  3. ^ VRT and RTBF alternate responsibilities for the contest.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t The country initially planned to participate, but later withdrew.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Did not qualify from the non-televised audio-only preselection round of 1996.
  6. ^ Despite the fact that it was an internal selection, it is still considered an edition of Festival da Canção.
  7. ^ a b c d Did not qualify from the preselection round of 1993.
  8. ^ VGTRK and C1R alternate responsibilities for the contest since 2008.
  9. ^ ORT take over Channel One Ostankino and organized the national final and covered the travel expenses of a Russian representative to the competition instead of Channel One Ostankino due to the latter's closure. [25]
  10. ^ Until 2018 participated as F.Y.R. Macedonia.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "National Selections - Eurovision Song Contest". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  2. ^ "In a Nutshell - Eurovision Song Contest". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  3. ^ "How it works - Eurovision Song Contest". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  4. ^ "Sweden: Loreen winner of Melodifestivalen!". Eurovision.tv. 10 March 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  5. ^ Adams, Oliver (11 March 2023). "Loreen will sing "Tattoo" for Sweden at Eurovision 2023". Wiwibloggs. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  6. ^ Rosney, Daniel (7 March 2020). "Sweden's Melfest: Why a national Eurovision show won global fans". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  7. ^ "Månadsrapport Februari 2012" (PDF). MMS – Mediamätning i Skandinavien. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  8. ^ Lindström, Therese (12 March 2012). "Över fyra miljoner såg finalen". Aftonbladet. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
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  11. ^ Karhunen, Anna; Leskinen, Lauri (3 March 2018). "Monsters on UMK18-voittaja ja Suomen euroviisuedustaja – show nousee pimeydestä neon- ja laser-ilotulitukseksi". yle.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  12. ^ "Darude announced as Finnish entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 - watch and listen here the three competing songs". yle.fi. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
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  14. ^ Jiandani, Sanjay (3 June 2019). "Finland: YLE confirms participation in Eurovision 2020". esctoday.
  15. ^ "Finland: UMK 2020 dates announced, search for songs opens". ESCXTRA.com. 1 November 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  16. ^ "Duncan Laurence wins Eurovision 2019 for the Netherlands". Eurovision.tv. 18 May 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
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  20. ^ "Bulgaria's artist reveal set for November 25…suggesting plans are well underway". Wiwibloggs. 31 October 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
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  25. ^ http://tvp.netcollect.ru/tvps/xbxqehidwdhn.pdf[ bare URL PDF]

External links

Media related to Eurovision Song Contest selection events at Wikimedia Commons