National_Radical_Union References

National Radical Union

Εθνική Ριζοσπαστική Ένωσις
National Radical Union Εθνική Ριζοσπαστική Ένωσις
President	Konstantinos Karamanlis (1955–1963); Panagiotis Kanellopoulos (1963–1967)
Founded	1956
Dissolved	1974
Preceded by	Greek Rally
Succeeded by	New Democracy
Ideology	Conservatism
Political position	Right-wing
European affiliation	European Democratic Union (associate)
Colours	Blue
	Politics of Greece; Political parties; Elections;

The National Radical Union ( Greek: Ἐθνικὴ Ῥιζοσπαστικὴ Ἕνωσις (ΕΡΕ), Ethnikī́ Rizospastikī́ Énōsis (ERE)) was a Greek political party formed in 1956 by Konstantinos Karamanlis, mostly out of the Greek Rally party.

History

ERE was a conservative, right-wing party, which also had some prominent centrist members, such as:

Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
Konstantinos Tsatsos, president of the Greek Republic from 1975 to 1980.
Evangelos Averoff, minister of foreign affairs in Karamanlis' governments (1955–1963) and leader of ND from 1981 to 1984.

Karamanlis resigned from the leadership of ERE in 1963 and was succeeded by Panagiotis Kanellopoulos. The cause of Karamanlis' resignation was the hotly contested elections of 1961 (known as elections of "violence and fraud"). According to official results, ERE won the elections. But the opposition Centre Union and United Democratic Left accused the government of Karamanlis of massive fraud, did not acknowledge the result, and Centre Union's leader George Papandreou organised massive demonstrations ("uncompromising struggle") and called for new elections. Karamanlis felt gravely insulted and resigned from the Premiership and the leadership of the party. New elections were held in 1963 where ERE lost, and a year later, in 1964 which the Centre Union won with the second highest percentage in Greek history, 54 percent of the vote.

Kanellopoulos remained leader of the party until 1967, when he formed a government which did not last more than a month, as it was overthrown by the Greek military junta of 1967–1974. After 1967 ERE, like all political parties, was outlawed. It was never refounded. Karamanlis formed a new party in 1974, New Democracy, which he himself described as being somewhat more moderate than the ERE.

Electoral history

Hellenic Parliament elections

Hellenic Parliament
Election	Party Leader	Votes	%	Seats	+/–	Position	Government
1956	Konstantinos Karamanlis	1,594,112	47.4%	165 / 300	82	2nd	Government
1958	Konstantinos Karamanlis	1,583,885	41.2%	171 / 300	6	1st	Government
1961	Konstantinos Karamanlis	2,347,824	50.8%	176 / 300	5	1st	Government
1963	Konstantinos Karamanlis	1,837,377	39.4%	132 / 300	44	2nd	Opposition
1964	Panagiotis Kanellopoulos	1,621,546	35.3%	107 / 300	27	2nd	Opposition

References

^ Clogg, Richard (1992), A Concise History of Greece (Second ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 159
^ Charalambis, Dimitris; Maratou-Alipranti, Laura; Hadjiyanni, Andromachi (2004), Recent Social Trends in Greece, 1960-2000, McGill-Queen's University Press, p. 10
^ Calogeopoulos, Andreas (2004), "The Hellenic Republic", Constitutional Law of 15 EU Member States, Kluwer, p. 374
^ Verney, Susannah (1990), "To be or not to be within the European Community: the party debate and democratic consolidation in Greece", Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, Routledge, p. 206
^ Charalambis, Dimitris; Maratou-Alipranti, Laura; Hadjiyanni, Andromachi (2004), Recent Social Trends in Greece, 1960-2000, McGill-Queen's University Press, p. 370

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[1] Clogg, Richard (1992), A Concise History of Greece (Second ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 159

[2] Charalambis, Dimitris; Maratou-Alipranti, Laura; Hadjiyanni, Andromachi (2004), Recent Social Trends in Greece, 1960-2000, McGill-Queen's University Press, p. 10

[3] Calogeopoulos, Andreas (2004), "The Hellenic Republic", Constitutional Law of 15 EU Member States, Kluwer, p. 374

[4] Verney, Susannah (1990), "To be or not to be within the European Community: the party debate and democratic consolidation in Greece", Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, Routledge, p. 206

[5] Charalambis, Dimitris; Maratou-Alipranti, Laura; Hadjiyanni, Andromachi (2004), Recent Social Trends in Greece, 1960-2000, McGill-Queen's University Press, p. 370

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v t e Conservatism in Greece
Ideology	Tradition Family values Private property Statism Social market economy Metaxism Monarchism (historically)
Organizations	Panhellenic Liberation Organization
Political Parties	Napist Party English Party People's Party Freethinkers' Party Greek Rally Union of Populars Popular Social Party National Radical Union Democratic Renewal New Democracy Political Spring Democratic Revival National Hope Independent Greeks Greek Solution National Unity Association
People	Ioannis Kapodistrias Alexandros Koumoundouros Stefanos Dragoumis Dimitrios Gounaris Dimitrios Rallis Petros Protopapadakis Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos Panagis Tsaldaris Ioannis Metaxas Alexandros Papagos Konstantinos Tsaldaris Lina Tsaldari Panagiotis Kanellopoulos Helen Vlachos Stefanos Stefanopoulos Odysseas Elytis Georgios Rallis Konstantinos Tsatsos Konstantinos Stephanopoulos Evangelos Averoff Konstantinos Karamanlis Antonis Samaras
Historical events	National Schism Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt Greek monarchy referendum, 1935 4th of August Regime Greek Resistance Greek Civil War Greek referendum, 1946 Metapolitefsi
Policies	Greek language question Social order Greek economic miracle Protectionism

v t e Constantinos Karamanlis
Family	Achilleas Karamanlis Kostas Karamanlis
Politics	Statism Industrialisation Conservatism Pro-Europeanism Greek economic miracle
Events and Treaties	World War II Greek Civil War London-Zürich Agreements Treaty of Guarantee (1960) Greek legislative election, 1961 Lambrakis assassination Greek military junta Turkish invasion of Cyprus Withdrawal from NATO Metapolitefsi 1974 Greek legislative election Greek republic referendum, 1974 Pyjamas coup Greek Junta Trials Accession of Greece to the European Communities
Establishments	National Radical Union MOMA Nuclear Research Center "Demokritos" Public Petroleum Corporation Third Hellenic Republic Greek Constitution of 1974 Demotic Greek establishment New Democracy (Greece) European Cultural Centre of Delphi Hellenic Aerospace Industry
Partners	Evangelos Averoff Georgios Rallis Stefanos Manos Panagiotis Kanellopoulos Konstantinos Stephanopoulos Georgios Souflias Lina Tsaldari Helen Vlachos Nikolaos Martis
Remembrance	Constantinos Karamanlis Institute for Democracy Konstantinos G. Karamanlis Foundation

National Radical Union Εθνική Ριζοσπαστική Ένωσις
President	Konstantinos Karamanlis (1955–1963) Panagiotis Kanellopoulos (1963–1967)
Founded	1956
Dissolved	1974
Preceded by	Greek Rally
Succeeded by	New Democracy
Ideology	Conservatism^[1]^[2]
Political position	Right-wing^[3]^[4]^[5]
European affiliation	European Democratic Union (associate)
Colours	Blue
Politics of Greece Political parties Elections