From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Day of the year
March 15 is the 74th day of the year (75th in
leap years ) in the
Gregorian calendar ; 291 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
474 BC –
Roman consul
Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an
ovation for concluding the
war against
Veii and securing a forty years truce.
[1]
44 BC – The
assassination of Julius Caesar takes place on the
Ides of March .
[2]
493 –
Odoacer , the first barbarian
King of Italy after the fall of the
Western Roman Empire , is slain by
Theoderic the Great , king of the
Ostrogoths , while the two kings were feasting together.
[3]
856 –
Michael III , emperor of the
Byzantine Empire , overthrows the regency of his mother, empress
Theodora (wife of Theophilos) with support of the Byzantine
nobility .
[4]
897 –
Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya enters
Sa'dah and founds the
Zaydi
Imamate of Yemen .
[5]
933 – After a ten-year truce, German King
Henry the Fowler defeats a Hungarian army at the
Battle of Riade near the
Unstrut river.
[6]
1311 –
Battle of Halmyros : The
Catalan Company defeats
Walter V, Count of Brienne to take control of the
Duchy of Athens , a
Crusader state in Greece.
[7]
1564 – Mughal Emperor
Akbar abolishes the
jizya tax on
non-Muslim subjects.
[8]
1601–1900
1901–present
1907 – The
first parliamentary elections of
Finland (at the time the
Grand Duchy of Finland ) are held.
[18]
1917 –
Tsar
Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the Russian throne, ending the 304-year Romanov dynasty.
[19]
[20]
1918 –
Finnish Civil War : The
battle of Tampere begins.
[21]
1919 –
Ukrainian War of Independence : The
Kontrrazvedka is established as the
counterintelligence division of the
Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine .
[22]
1919 – The
American Legion is founded.
1921 –
Talaat Pasha , former Grand Vizir of the
Ottoman Empire and chief architect of the
Armenian genocide is
assassinated in Berlin by a 23-year-old Armenian,
Soghomon Tehlirian .
[23]
1922 – After
Egypt gains nominal independence from the United Kingdom,
Fuad I becomes
King of Egypt .
[24]
1927 – The first
Women's Boat Race between the
University of Oxford and the
University of Cambridge takes place on
The Isis in
Oxford .
[25]
1939 –
Germany occupies Czechoslovakia .
[26]
1939 –
Carpatho-Ukraine declares itself an independent republic,
[27] but is annexed by Hungary the next day.
[28]
1943 –
World War II :
Third Battle of Kharkiv : The Germans retake the city of
Kharkiv from the Soviet armies.
[29]
1951 – Iranian oil industry is
nationalized .
[30]
1961 – At the
1961 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference , South Africa announces that it will withdraw from the Commonwealth when the
South African Constitution of 1961 comes into effect.
[31]
1965 – President
Lyndon B. Johnson , responding to the
Selma crisis, tells
U.S. Congress "We shall overcome" while advocating the
Voting Rights Act .
[32]
1974 – Fifteen people are killed when
Sterling Airways Flight 901 , a
Sud Aviation Caravelle , catches fire following a
landing gear collapse at
Mehrabad International Airport in
Tehran ,
Iran .
[33]
1978 –
Somalia and
Ethiopia signed a truce to end the
Ethio-Somali War .
[34]
1986 –
Collapse of Hotel New World : Thirty-three people die when the Hotel New World in Singapore collapses.
[35]
1990 –
Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first
President of the Soviet Union .
[36]
1991 –
Cold War : The
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany comes into effect, granting full sovereignty to the
Federal Republic of Germany .
[37]
2008 – Stockpiles of obsolete ammunition
explode at an ex-military ammunition depot in the village of
Gërdec , Albania, killing 26 people.
[38]
2011 – Beginning of the
Syrian Civil War .
[39]
2019 – Fifty-one people are killed in the
Christchurch mosque shootings .
[40]
2019 – Beginning of the
2019–20 Hong Kong protests .
[41]
2019 – Approximately 1.4 million young people in 123 countries
go on strike to protest climate change.
[42]
2022 – The
2022 Sri Lankan protests begins amidst
Sri Lanka's economic collapse .
[43]
Births
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1638 –
Shunzhi Emperor of China (d. 1661)
[48]
1666 –
George Bähr , German architect, designed the
Dresden Frauenkirche (d. 1738)
[49]
1754 –
Archibald Menzies , Scottish surgeon and botanist (d. 1842)
[50]
1767 –
Andrew Jackson , American general, judge, and politician, 7th
President of the United States (d. 1845)
[51]
1779 –
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne , English politician,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1848)
[52]
1790 –
Ludwig Immanuel Magnus , German mathematician and academic (d. 1861)
[53]
1791 –
Charles Knight , English author and publisher (d. 1873)
[54]
1809 –
Joseph Jenkins Roberts , American-Liberian historian and politician, 1st
President of Liberia (d. 1876)
[55]
1813 –
John Snow , English physician and epidemiologist (d. 1858)
[56]
1821 –
Johann Josef Loschmidt , Austrian physicist and chemist (d. 1895)
[57]
1821 –
William Milligan , Scottish theologian and author (d. 1892)
[58]
1824 –
Jules Chevalier , French priest, founded the
Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (d. 1907)
[59]
1830 –
Paul Heyse , German author, poet, and playwright,
Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1914)
[60]
1830 –
Élisée Reclus , French geographer and anarchist (d. 1905)
[61]
1831 –
Saint Daniele Comboni , Italian missionary and saint (d. 1881)
[62]
1835 –
Eduard Strauss , Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1916)
[63]
1838 –
Karl Davydov , Russian cellist, composer, and conductor (d. 1889)
[64]
1851 –
John Sebastian Little , American lawyer and politician,
Governor of Arkansas (d. 1916)
[65]
1851 –
William Mitchell Ramsay , Scottish archaeologist and scholar (d. 1939)
[66]
1852 –
Augusta, Lady Gregory , Anglo-Irish landowner, playwright, and translator (d. 1932)
[67]
1854 –
Emil von Behring , German physiologist and physician,
Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
[68]
1857 –
Christian Michelsen , Norwegian businessman and politician, 1st
Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1925)
[69]
1858 –
Liberty Hyde Bailey , American botanist and academic, co-founded the
American Society for Horticultural Science (d. 1954)
[70]
1866 –
Matthew Charlton , Australian miner and politician (d. 1948)
[71]
1868 –
Grace Chisholm Young , English mathematician (d. 1944)
[72]
1869 –
Stanisław Wojciechowski , Polish scholar and politician,
President of the Republic of Poland (d. 1953)
[73]
1874 –
Harold L. Ickes , American journalist and politician,
United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 1952)
[74]
1878 –
Reza Shah , Iranian Shah (d. 1944)
[75]
1879 –
Benjamin R. Jacobs , American biochemist (d. 1963)
[76]
1886 –
Gerda Wegener , Danish artist (d. 1940)
[77]
1897 –
Jackson Scholz , American runner (d. 1986)
[78]
1900 –
Gilberto Freyre , Brazilian sociologist, anthropologist, historian and writer (d. 1987)
[79]
1901–present
1904 –
George Brent , Irish-American actor (d. 1979)
[80]
1904 –
J. Pat O'Malley , English-American actor (d. 1985)
[81]
1905 –
Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg , German lawyer and judge (d. 1944)
[82]
1907 –
Zarah Leander , Swedish actress and singer (d. 1981)
[83]
1912 –
Louis Paul Boon , Flemish journalist and author (d. 1979)
[84]
1912 –
Lightnin' Hopkins , American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1982)
[85]
1913 –
Macdonald Carey , American actor (d. 1994)
[86]
1913 –
Jack Fairman , English race car driver (d. 2002)
[87]
1916 –
Frank Coghlan, Jr. , American actor and pilot (d. 2009)
[88]
1916 –
Fadil Hoxha , Kosovar commander and politician,
President of Kosovo (d. 2001)
[89]
1916 –
Harry James , American trumpet player, bandleader, and actor (d. 1983)
[90]
1918 –
Richard Ellmann , American author and critic (d. 1987)
[91]
1918 –
Punch Imlach , Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 1987)
[92]
1919 –
Lawrence Tierney , American actor (d. 2002)
[93]
1920 –
E. Donnall Thomas , American physician and academic,
Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
[94]
1921 –
Madelyn Pugh , American television writer and producer (d. 2011)
[95]
1926 –
Ben Johnston , American composer and academic (d. 2019)
[96]
1926 –
Norm Van Brocklin , American football player and coach (d. 1983)
[97]
1927 –
Christian Marquand , French actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2000)
[98]
1927 –
Carl Smith , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2010)
[99]
1928 –
Bob Wilber , American clarinetist and saxophonist (d. 2019)
[100]
1930 –
Zhores Alferov , Belarusian-Russian physicist and academic,
Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019)
[101]
1932 –
Alan Bean , American astronaut and pilot (d. 2018)
[102]
1932 –
Arif Mardin , Turkish-American record producer (d. 2006)
[103]
1933 –
Ruth Bader Ginsburg , American lawyer and judge (d. 2020)
[104]
1933 –
Philippe de Broca , French actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2004)
[105]
1934 –
Kanshi Ram , Indian politician (d. 2006)
[106]
1935 –
Judd Hirsch , American actor
[107]
1935 –
Jimmy Swaggart , American pastor and television host
[108]
1936 –
Howard Greenfield , American songwriter (d. 1986)
[109]
1937 –
Valentin Rasputin , Russian environmentalist and author (d. 2015)
[110]
1939 –
Ted Kaufman , American politician
[111]
1939 –
Robert Nye , English author, poet, and playwright (d. 2016)
[112]
1939 –
Julie Tullis , English mountaineer (d. 1986)
[113]
1940 –
Frank Dobson , English politician,
Secretary of State for Health (d. 2019)
[114]
1940 –
Phil Lesh , American bassist
[115]
1941 –
Mike Love , American singer-songwriter and musician
[107]
1943 –
David Cronenberg , Canadian actor, director, and screenwriter
[116]
1943 –
Lynda La Plante , English actress, screenwriter, and author
[117]
1943 –
Michael Scott-Joynt , English bishop (d. 2014)
[118]
1943 –
Sly Stone , American musician and record producer
[119]
1944 –
Chi Cheng , Taiwanese runner
[120]
1944 –
Jacques Doillon , French director and screenwriter
[121]
1944 –
Francis Mankiewicz , Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1993)
[122]
1946 –
Bobby Bonds , American baseball player and coach (d. 2003)
[123]
1946 –
John Dempsey , English-Irish footballer and manager
[124]
1947 –
Ry Cooder , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
[125]
1948 –
Kate Bornstein , American author and activist
[126]
1948 –
Sérgio Vieira de Mello , Brazilian diplomat (d. 2003)
[127]
1951 –
David Alton, Baron Alton of Liverpool , English politician
[128]
1953 –
Frances Conroy , American actress
[129]
1954 –
Isobel Buchanan , Scottish soprano and actress
[130]
1954 –
Henry Marsh , American runner and businessman
[131]
1954 –
Craig Wasson , American actor
[132]
1955 –
Mickey Hatcher , American baseball player and coach
[133]
1955 –
Mohsin Khan , Pakistani cricketer
[134]
1955 –
Dee Snider , American singer-songwriter
[107]
1957 –
Joaquim de Almeida , Portuguese-American actor
[129]
1957 –
Park Overall , American actress and activist
[129]
1959 –
Harold Baines , American baseball player
[107]
1959 –
Renny Harlin , Finnish director and producer
[135]
1959 –
Fabio Lanzoni , Italian-American model and actor
[136]
1959 –
Ben Okri , Nigerian poet and author
[137]
1959 –
Eliot Teltscher , American tennis player
[138]
1960 –
Mike Pagliarulo , American baseball player
[139]
1961 –
Terry Cummings , American basketball player
[140]
1962 –
Terence Trent D'Arby , American singer-songwriter
[129]
1963 –
Bret Michaels , American singer-songwriter, musician, and television personality
[107]
1964 –
Rockwell , American singer-songwriter and musician
[141]
1965 –
Sunetra Gupta , Indian epidemiologist, author, and academic
[142]
1966 –
Chris Bruno , American actor
[129]
1967 –
Naoko Takeuchi , Japanese manga artist and creator of
Sailor Moon
[143]
1968 –
Kahimi Karie , Japanese singer
[144]
1968 –
Mark McGrath , American singer-songwriter
[107]
1968 –
Sabrina Salerno , Italian singer-songwriter
[145]
1969 –
Gianluca Festa , Italian footballer
[146]
1969 –
Kim Raver , American actress
[136]
1969 –
Yutaka Take , Japanese jockey
[147]
1970 –
Derek Parra , American speed skater
[148]
1971 –
Joanne Wise , English long jumper
[149]
1972 –
Mark Hoppus , American singer-songwriter and musician
[150]
1972 –
Holger Stromberg , German chef
[151]
1972 –
Mike Tomlin , American football player and coach
[152]
1974 –
Robert Fick , American baseball player
[153]
1975 –
Eva Longoria , American actress
[107]
1975 –
Darcy Tucker , Canadian ice hockey player
[154]
1975 –
will.i.am , American rapper, producer, and actor
[155]
1976 –
Cara Pifko , Canadian actress
[156]
1977 –
Joe Hahn , American musician, DJ, director, and visual artist
[129]
1977 –
Brian Tee , Japanese-American actor
[136]
1977 –
Sandeep Unnikrishnan , Indian military officer (d. 2008)
[157]
1978 –
Takeru Kobayashi , Japanese competitive eater
[136]
1979 –
Kyle Mills , New Zealand cricketer
[158]
1979 –
Kevin Youkilis , American baseball player
[159]
1980 –
Freddie Bynum , American baseball player
[160]
1981 –
Young Buck , American rapper
[161]
1981 –
Mikael Forssell , German-Finnish footballer
[162]
1981 –
Jens Salumäe , Estonian skier
[163]
1982 –
Wilson Kipsang Kiprotich , Kenyan runner
[164]
1983 –
Umut Bulut , Turkish footballer
[165]
1983 –
Ben Hilfenhaus , Australian cricketer
[166]
1983 –
Kostas Kaimakoglou , Greek basketball player
[167]
1983 –
Golda Marcus , Salvadoran swimmer
[168]
1983 –
Daryl Murphy , Irish footballer
[169]
1983 –
Yo Yo Honey Singh , Indian rapper, producer, and actor
[170]
1984 –
Badradine Belloumou , French-Algerian footballer
[171]
1984 –
Olivier Jean , Canadian speed skater
[172]
1984 –
Kostas Vasileiadis , Greek basketball player
[173]
1985 –
Eva Amurri , American actress
[129]
1985 –
Jon Jay , American baseball player and coach
[174]
1985 –
Kellan Lutz , American actor and model
[129]
1986 –
Jai Courtney , Australian actor
[175]
1986 –
Jannik Hansen , Danish ice hockey player
[176]
1987 –
Eric Decker , American football player
[177]
1988 –
Lil Dicky , American rapper, comedian, and actor
[178]
1988 –
Éver Guzmán , Mexican footballer
[179]
1988 –
James Reimer , Canadian ice hockey player
[180]
1989 –
Sam Baldock , English footballer
[181]
1989 –
Gil Roberts , American sprinter
[182]
1989 –
Sandro , Brazilian footballer
[183]
1989 –
Adrien Silva , Portuguese footballer
[184]
1989 –
Caitlin Wachs , American actress
[129]
1990 –
Nick Ahmed , American baseball player
[185]
1990 –
Tavon Austin , American football player
[186]
1990 –
JD McDonagh , Irish professional wrestler
[187]
1991 –
Xavier Henry , American basketball player
[188]
1991 –
Trayce Thompson , American baseball player
[189]
1992 –
Devonta Freeman , American football player
[190]
1993 –
Alia Bhatt , British actress
[191]
[192]
1993 –
Michael Fulmer , American baseball player
[193]
1993 –
Taylor Heinicke , American football player
[194]
1993 –
Aleksandra Krunić , Serbian tennis player
[195]
1993 –
Paul Pogba , French footballer
[196]
1993 –
Mark Scheifele , Canadian ice hockey player
[197]
1994 –
Matt Gay , American football player
[198]
1995 –
Jabari Parker , American basketball player
[199]
1996 –
Maxwell Jacob Friedman , American professional wrestler
[200]
1996 –
Seonaid McIntosh , Scottish sports shooter
[201]
2000 –
Kristian Kostov , Russian-Bulgarian singer-songwriter
[202]
2001 –
Ellie Leach , English actress
[203]
2003 –
Quinn Ewers , American football player
[204]
2004 –
Isaiah Bond , American football player
[205]
Deaths
Pre-1600
44 BC –
Julius Caesar , Roman general and statesman (b. 100 BC)
[206]
220 –
Cao Cao , Chinese general, warlord and statesman
[207]
493 –
Odoacer , first king of Italy after the fall of the
Western Roman Empire (b. 433)
[208]
963 –
Romanos II , Byzantine emperor
[209]
990 –
Siegfried I (the Older), German
nobleman
[210]
1124 –
Ernulf ,
Bishop of Rochester
[211]
[212]
1190 –
Isabella of Hainault , queen of
Philip II of France (b. 1170)
[213]
1311 –
Walter V, Count of Brienne
[214]
1536 –
Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha , Ottoman politician,
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1493)
[215]
1575 –
Annibale Padovano , Italian organist and composer (b. 1527)
[216]
1601–1900
1901–present
1921 –
Talaat Pasha , Ottoman politician,
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1874)
[225]
1927 –
Hector Rason , English-Australian politician, 7th
Premier of Western Australia (b. 1858)
[226]
1937 –
H. P. Lovecraft , American short story writer, editor, and novelist (b. 1890)
[227]
1941 –
Alexej von Jawlensky , Russian-German painter (b. 1864)
[228]
1942 –
Rachel Field , American author and poet (b. 1894)
[229]
1948 –
Imanuel Lauster , German engineer (b. 1873)
[230]
1959 –
Lester Young , American saxophonist and clarinet player (b. 1909)
[231]
1962 –
Arthur Compton , American physicist and academic,
Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
[232]
1966 –
Abe Saperstein , American basketball player and coach (b. 1902)
[233]
1969 –
Miles Malleson , English actor and screenwriter (b. 1888)
[234]
1970 –
Tarjei Vesaas , Norwegian author and poet (b. 1897)
[235]
1975 –
Aristotle Onassis , Greek-Argentinian businessman (b. 1906)
[236]
1977 –
Hubert Aquin , Canadian author and activist (b. 1929)
[237]
1977 –
Antonino Rocca , Italian-American wrestler and referee (b. 1921)
[238]
1981 –
René Clair , French director and screenwriter (b. 1898)
[239]
1983 –
Rebecca West , English author and critic (b. 1892)
[240]
1988 –
Dmitri Polyakov , Ukrainian general and spy (b. 1921)
[241]
1990 –
Farzad Bazoft , Iranian-English journalist (b. 1958)
[242]
1990 –
Tom Harmon , American football player and sportscaster (b. 1919)
[243]
1991 –
Bud Freeman , American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1906)
[244]
1997 –
Gail Davis , American actress (b. 1925)
[245]
1997 –
Victor Vasarely , Hungarian-French painter (b. 1906)
[246]
1998 –
Benjamin Spock , American pediatrician and author (b. 1903)
[247]
2001 –
Ann Sothern , American actress and singer (b. 1909)
[248]
2003 –
Thora Hird , English actress (b. 1911)
[249]
2003 –
Paul Stojanovich , American television producer, created
World's Wildest Police Videos (b. 1955)
[250]
2004 –
Philippe Lemaire , French actor (b. 1927)
[251]
2004 –
Bill Pickering , New Zealand-American scientist and engineer (b. 1910)
[252]
2004 –
John Pople , English-American chemist and academic,
Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1925)
[253]
2005 –
Otar Korkia , Georgian basketball player (b. 1923)
[254]
2006 –
Georgios Rallis , Greek lieutenant and politician,
Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1918)
[255]
2006 –
Red Storey , Canadian football player and referee (b. 1918)
[256]
2007 –
Charles Harrelson , American murderer (b. 1938)
[257]
2007 –
Stuart Rosenberg , American director and producer (b. 1927)
[258]
2008 –
Mikey Dread , Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1954)
[259]
2008 –
G. David Low , American astronaut and engineer (b. 1956)
[260]
2008 –
Sarla Thakral , First Indian woman to earn a pilot's license. (b. 1914)
[261]
2009 –
Ron Silver , American actor, director, and producer (b. 1946)
[262]
2010 –
Kazim al-Samawi , Iraqi poet (b. 1925)
[263]
2011 –
Nate Dogg , American rapper (b. 1969)
[264]
2011 –
Smiley Culture , English singer and DJ (b. 1963)
[265]
2012 –
Mervyn Davies , Welsh rugby player (b. 1946)
[266]
2012 –
Dave Philley , American baseball player and manager (b. 1920)
[267]
2013 –
Booth Gardner , American businessman and politician,
Governor of Washington (b. 1936)
[268]
2013 –
Terry Lightfoot , English clarinet player (b. 1935)
[269]
2013 –
Leverne McDonnell , Australian actress (b. 1963)
[270]
2013 –
Peter Worsley , English sociologist (b. 1924)
[271]
2014 –
Scott Asheton , American drummer (b. 1949)
[272]
2014 –
David Brenner , American comedian, actor, and author (b. 1936)
[273]
2014 –
Bo Callaway , American soldier and politician,
United States Secretary of the Army (b. 1927)
[274]
2014 –
Clarissa Dickson Wright , English chef, author, and television personality (b. 1947)
[275]
2015 –
Collins Chabane , South African politician (b. 1960)
[276]
2015 –
Robert Clatworthy , English sculptor and educator (b. 1928)
[277]
2015 –
Sally Forrest , American actress and dancer (b. 1928)
[278]
2015 –
Curtis Gans , American political scientist and author (b. 1937)
[279]
2015 –
Mike Porcaro , American bass player (b. 1955)
[280]
2016 –
Sylvia Anderson , English voice actress and television and film producer (b. 1927)
[281]
2016 –
Asa Briggs , English historian and academic (b. 1921)
[282]
2016 –
Seru Rabeni , Fijian rugby player (b. 1978)
[283]
2019 –
Larry DiTillio , American film and TV series writer (b. 1948)
[284]
2020 –
Vittorio Gregotti , Italian architect (b. 1927)
[285]
2022 –
Barbara Maier Gustern , American vocal coach and singer (b. 1935)
[286]
Holidays and observances
Notes
References
^
Fasti Triumphales
^ Strauss, Barry (2015).
The Death of Caesar: The Story of History's Most Famous Assassination . New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 129–137.
ISBN
9781451668797 .
^ O'Donnell, James J. (2009).
The Ruin of the Roman Empire . New York: Ecco. p. 66.
ISBN
9780060787417 .
^ Tobias, Norman (2007). Basil I, Founder of the Macedonian Dynasty: A Study of the Political and Military History of the Byzantine Empire in the Ninth Century . Lewiston, N.Y.: The Edwin Mellen Press. p. 287.
ISBN
9780773454057 .
^
Madelung, W. (2004).
"al-Ḥādī Ila 'l-Ḥaḳḳ" . In
Bearman, P. J. ;
Bianquis, Th. ;
Bosworth, C. E. ;
van Donzel, E. &
Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.).
The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition . Volume XII: Supplement . Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 334–335.
ISBN
978-90-04-13974-9 .
^ Browning, Oscar (1913).
A General History of the World . London: E. Arnold. p. 321.
^
Laiou, Angeliki E. (1972). Constantinople and the Latins: The Foreign Policy of Andronicus II, 1282-1328 . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 226–227.
ISBN
9780674165359 .
^ Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal (1962). Akbar the Great . Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India: Shiva Lal Agarwala. p. 83.
OCLC
837892 .
^ Pollock, John (1912). "The Policy of Charles II and James II (1667-87)". In Ward, A.W.; Prothero, G.W.; Leathes, Stanley (eds.).
The Cambridge Modern History. Volume 5: The Age of Louis IX . New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 206–207.
^ Chernow, Ron (2010).
Washington: A Life . New York: Penguin Press. pp. 433–434.
ISBN
9781594202667 .
^
"Today in History - March 15" .
Library of Congress .
^ Simpson-Housley, Paul (1992).
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