From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Family of mistletoes
Psittacanthus flowering atop a tree
Loranthaceae , commonly known as the showy mistletoes , is a
family of
flowering plants .
[2]
[3] It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of
woody plants , many of them
hemiparasites . The three terrestrial species are
Nuytsia floribunda (the Western Australian Christmas tree),
Atkinsonia ligustrina (from the
Blue Mountains of Australia), and
Gaiadendron punctatum (from Central/South America.) Loranthaceae are primarily
xylem parasites, but their
haustoria may sometimes tap the
phloem ,
[4] while
Tristerix aphyllus is almost
holoparasitic .
[5]
For a more complete description of the Australian Loranthaceae, see
Flora of Australia online .,
[2] for the Malesian Loranthaceae see
Flora of Malesia .
Originally, Loranthaceae contained all
mistletoe species, but the mistletoes of Europe and North America (
Viscum ,
Arceuthobium , and
Phoradendron ) belong to the family
Santalaceae . The
APG II system 2003 assigns the family to the order
Santalales in the clade
core eudicots .
Phylogeny
Molecular phylogenetics suggests the following relationships of tribes, subtribes and genera:
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
Nuytsia is sister to the rest the Loranthaceae,
[10] with many characters, including its pollen, its fruit (dry and three winged), and the number of its
cotyledons , differing substantially from all other Loranthaceae genera.
[5] The root parasitic habit is thought to be the basal condition of the family.,
[5] with the stem/branch parasitic habit evolving ca. 28-40 million years ago.
[5]
[11] However, Grimsson et al. (2017)
[12] estimate this as occurring somewhat earlier (ca. 40-52 million years ago).
Genera
78 genera are accepted:
[13]
See also
References
^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . 161 (2): 105–121.
doi :
10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
hdl :
10654/18083 .
^
a
b Barlow, B.A.
"Flora of Australia online: Loranthaceae" . Data derived from Flora of Australia Volume 1984 Vol 22, ABRS, ©Commonwealth of AustraliaAccessed 1 April 2018
^ Kuijt, Job; Hansen, Bertel (2015).
Flowering Plants. Eudicots. Santalales, Balanophorales . Cham: Springer International Publishing.
doi :
10.1007/978-3-319-09296-6 .
ISBN
978-3-319-09295-9 .
S2CID
35096693 .
^
Barlow, B.A. 1997.
"Loranthaceae. Pp. 209-401 (pdf)" . , in Kalkman C., et al. (eds.), Flora malesiana. Ser. 1, vol. 13. Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, Leiden.
^
a
b
c
d Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards).
"Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]" . Accessed 12 February 2018.
^ Der, J.P.,
Nickrent, D.L. 2008. A molecular phylogeny of Santalaceae (Santalales). Systematic Botany 33: 107-116.
"(pdf)" .
doi :
10.1600/036364408783887438
^
Vidal-Russell, R. ,
Nickrent, D.L. 2008. Evolutionary relationships in the showy mistletoe family (Loranthaceae). American Journal of Botany 95: 1015-1029.
"(pdf)" (PDF) .
doi :
10.3732/ajb.0800085
^ Malecot, V,
Nickrent, D.L. 2008. Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships of Olacaceae and Related Santalales. Systematic Botany 33, 97-106.
"(pdf)" (PDF) .
doi :
10.1600/036364408783887384
^ Amico, G.C.,
Vidal-Russell, R. , Garcia, M.A.,
Nickrent, D.L. 2012.
"Evolutionary History of the South American Mistletoe Tripodanthus (Loranthaceae) Using Nuclear and Plastid Markers" . January 2012. . Systematic Botany 37: 218-225
^
Vidal-Russell, R. , &
Nickrent, D.L. 2005. "A molecular phylogeny of the mistletoe family Loranthaceae." Pp. 131-132, in Botany 2005. Learning from Plants.
^
Vidal-Russell, R. , &
Nickrent, D.L. 2008. The first mistletoes: Origin of aerial parasitism in Santalales. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 47: 523-537.
"(pdf)" (PDF) .
doi :
10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.016
^ Grímsson, F., Kapli, P., Hofmann, C.-C., Zetter, R., & Grimm, G.W. 2017. Eocene Loranthaceae pollen pushes back divergence ages for major splits in the family.// PeerJ 5:e3373.
doi :
10.7717/peerj.3373
^
Loranthaceae Juss.
Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 6 December 2023.
External links