Littorinimorpha is a large
order of snails,[1]gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails (
marine species), but also including some freshwater snails (
aquatic species) and land snails (
terrestrial species).[2]
The order Littorinimorpha contains many gastropoda families that were formerly placed in the order Mesogastropoda, as introduced by
J. Thiele in his work from 1921.[3] Evidence for this group being
monophyletic is scanty. In 2003, E. E. Strong[4] suggested using only
Neogastropoda as a clade within the clade
Hypsogastropoda, and to include the unresolved superfamilies of the Hypsogastropoda within the Littorinimorpha.[5]
Superfamilies and families
The superfamilies grouped in this clade include a few families that are well-known based on their shells:
^Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany.
ISBN3-925919-72-4.
ISSN0076-2997. 397 pp.
http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278