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This is a list of exceptional red dwarfs.
This is a list of red dwarfs that currently hold records.
Record Title | Star | Date | Data | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
First discovered | Lacaille 8760 | 1753 | Originally listed in a 1763 catalog that was published posthumously by Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille. | [1] | |
First discovered with planet(s) | Gliese 876 | 1998 | Gliese 876 b | The Jovian planet was the first discovered around a red dwarf. |
[2] [3] |
First discovered with giant planet(s) | Gliese 876 | 1998 | Gliese 876 b | The giant planet was the first planet discovered around a red dwarf. | [2] [3] |
First discovered with terrestrial planet(s) |
Kepler-42 ( KOI-961) |
2012 |
KOI-961 b KOI-961 c KOI-961 d |
3 terrestrial planets were discovered around KOI-961 in 2012, the first terrestrial planets found to orbit a red dwarf. | [4] |
Record Title | Star | Date | Data | Notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Least voluminous | EBLM J0555-57Ab | 2017 | r= 59,000 km (37,000 mi) | [5] | |
Most voluminous | XZ Tauri B | 2002 | 1.7 R☉ | [6] | |
Least massive | 2MASS J0523-1403 | 2015 | 67.54±12.79 MJ | [7] | |
Most massive | Kepler-80 | 2012 | 0.73 M☉ | [8] | |
Least distant | Proxima Centauri | 1917 | 4.2 ly (1.3 pc) | This is also known as Alpha Centauri C and is a member of the α Cen trinary system. It is the nearest neighbouring star to the Sun. |
[9] |
Most distant | UDF 3561 | 2010 | 202,000
ly
(62,000 pc) |
[10] | |
Least luminous | 2MASS J0523-1403 | [7] | |||
Most luminous | |||||
Dimmest | UDF 2457 | V= 25 | [11] | ||
Brightest | Lacaille 8760 | V= 6.69 | Also called AX Microscopii. This is the 24th closest star to the Sun, and also intrinsically luminous for red dwarfs, having spectral class M0. |
[12] [13] | |
Youngest | See T Tauri star | ||||
Oldest |
This is a list of red dwarfs with names that are not systematically designated.
Star | Naming | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|
Proxima Centauri | Named for being the closest neighbouring star to Earth's Sun | Lies within the Alpha Centauri star system | [9] |
Barnard's Star | Named after its discoverer, E. E. Barnard | Second closest neighbouring star system to Earth, after α Cen. Also the star with the highest proper motion. | [14] |
van Biesbroeck's star | Named for its discoverer, George van Biesbroeck | Was once the least luminous, and, lowest mass, known star. | [15] |
Kapteyn's star | Named for the astronomer who discovered it had gone missing, Jacobus Kapteyn | Was once the star with the highest proper motion, thus making it move away from its recorded position in the sky and go "missing". | [14] |
Teegarden's Star | Named after the lead investigator astrophysicist who discovered it, Bonnard J. Teegarden, through a datacrunching search of archived data. |
Star | Distance ly ( pc) |
Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Proxima Centauri | 4.2 ly (1.3 pc) | Part of the α Cen trinary system, the closest neighbouring star system. It is also the nearest neighbouring star. | [9] |
2 | Barnard's Star | 5.95 ly (1.82 pc) | Second closest neighbouring star system | [16] |
3 | Wolf 359 | 7.86 ly (2.41 pc) | Also called CN Leonis | |
4 | Lalande 21185 | 8.3 ly (2.5 pc) | ||
5 | Luyten 726-8 | 8.7 ly (2.7 pc) | This is a binary star system with two red dwarfs | |
6 | Ross 154 | 9.68 ly (2.97 pc) | [ citation needed] |
Star | Radius Solar radii ( Sun = 1) |
Radius Jupiter radii ( Jupiter = 1) |
Radius km (mi) |
Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | EBLM J0555-57Ab | 0.084 | 0.84 | 59,000 km (37,000 mi) | This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn. | [17] [18] [19] |
2 | 2MASS J0523-1403 | 0.086 | 0.86 | 60,000 km (37,000 mi) | [20] [21] [22] |
This is a list of titleholders of being the red dwarf with the smallest volume, and its succession over time.
Star | Date | Radius Solar radii ( Sun = 1) |
Radius Jupiter radii ( Jupiter = 1) |
Radius km (mi) |
Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EBLM J0555-57Ab | 2017— | 0.084 | 0.84 | 59,000 km (37,000 mi) | This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn. | [17] [18] [19] |
2MASS J0523-1403 | 2013-2017 | 0.086 | 0.86 | 60,000 km (37,000 mi) | [20] [21] [22] | |
OGLE-TR-122B | 2005-2013 | 0.120 | 1.16 | 81,100 km (50,400 mi) | [23] [24] [25] |
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