From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
TurEK
Family name
affixes are a clue for
surname
etymology and can sometimes determine the
ethnic origin of a person. This is a partial list of affixes.
Prefixes
Arabic
Armenian
Berber
Dutch
's – (
Dutch ),
contraction of des
genitive case of definite article de ("the"). Is never capitalized. Example:
'sGravesande , 'sHertogenbosch. In geographical names a hyphen is added:'s-Hertogenbosch.
't – (
Dutch ),
contraction of neuter definite article het ("the"). Is never capitalized. Example: 't Hoen.
ter – (
Dutch ) "at the"[
citation needed ]
van – (
Dutch ) "of", "from"
van de , van den , van der , van het , van 't – (
Dutch ) "of the", "from the"
German
von – (
German ) "of", "from"; a sign of nobility.
zu - (
German ) "at"; a sign of nobility, sometimes in the combination von und zu
Hebrew
Italian
Romanian
Welsh
Other
Af – (
Danish ,
Swedish ), Av (
Norwegian ) "of"
Ālam – (
Persian ) "world"
Bar – (
Aramaic ) "son of"[
citation needed ]
Chaudhary - (
Punjabi ) A title of honour from the
Punjab used by several Punjabi tribes, often represented by the prefix "Ch".
[6]
Da – (
Italian ) "from", "of"; (
Portuguese ) "from the" (before a feminine singular noun)[
citation needed ]
Das – (
Portuguese ) "from the", "of the", preceding a feminine plural noun[
citation needed ]
De – (
Italian ,
French ,
Spanish ,
Portuguese ,
Filipino ) "of"; indicates region of origin, often a sign of nobility; in
Spanish-speaking countries a married woman will sometimes append her name with "de XXXX" [
citation needed ] where "XXXX" is her husband's last name; (
Dutch ) "the"
Dele –
Southern French ,
Spanish ,
Filipino , and
Occitan , equivalent of Du [
citation needed ]
Dos – (
Portuguese ) "from the, of the", preceding a masculine plural noun[
citation needed ]
Du – (
French ) "of the", preceding a masculine singular noun[
citation needed ]
E – (
Portuguese ) "and", between surnames (Maria Eduarda de Canto e Mello)[
citation needed ]
Fitz – (
Irish , from
Norman French ) "son of", from
Latin "filius " meaning "son" (mistakenly thought to mean illegitimate son, because of its use for certain illegitimate sons of English kings)[
citation needed ]
i – (
Catalan ) "and", always in lowercase, used to identify both surnames (e.g. Antoni Gaudí i Cornet)
[7]
ka – (
Zulu ) "(son/daughter) of", always in lower case and preceding the name of the father.
Kil , Gil , Mal , Mul – (
English ,
Irish ,
Scottish ) "son of", "servant of", "devotee of", originating from the Irish "Mac Giolla", typically followed by a Saint's name (e.g. Mac Giolla Bhríde).
[8]
[9]
La – (
Italian ,
French ,
Spanish ) "the", feminine singular[
citation needed ]
Le – (
Northern French ) "the", masculine singular[
citation needed ]
Lu – (
Latin and Roman) "Master"
M'/Mac/Mc/Mck/Mhic/Mic – (
Irish ,
Scottish , and
Manx Gaelic ) "son". Both Mac and Mc are sometimes written Mac and Mc (with superscript ac or c ). In some names, Mc is pronounced Mac .
Mala – (
Kurdish ) "House of"[
citation needed ]
Na – ณ (
Thai ) "at"[
citation needed ]
Ngā – (
Te Reo Māori ) "the (plural)"
Nic , Ní – (
Irish ,
Scottish ) "daughter of", from Irish "iníon" meaning "daughter"
[10] [
citation needed ]
Nin – (
Serbian )[
citation needed ]
O/Ó/Ua/Uí – (
Irish ,
Scottish , and
Manx Gaelic ) "son of", "grandson of", "descendant of"
[11] [
citation needed ]
Öz – (
Turkish ) "pure"[
citation needed ]
Pour – (
Persian ) "son of"[
citation needed ]
Te – (
Te Reo Māori ) "the (singular)"
Tre – (
Cornish ) "farm of"[
citation needed ]
war - Marathi Last Name. People from Arya Vyshya community residing mostly in central India.
Suffixes
-a , -ya
Kurdish means "of" (female) (by two surnames)[
clarification needed ] [
citation needed ]
-à (Catalan) feminine -ana "of or from [a locality or place]" (Català -Catalan); and also the name of a job (Manyà -irosmith), from Latin -ānus, -āna[
citation needed ]
-ac (
Croatian ,
Serbian ,
Slovenian , Southern French)[
citation needed ] [
citation needed ]
-ach (
Ukrainian ,
Belarusian /
Belarusian Latin : -ač /)[
citation needed ]
-aei (
Persian ) (See -i) for words that end in the long vowel A [
citation needed ]
-aitis (
Lithuanian ) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-aj (
Albanian ) (pronounced AY; meaning “of the" ) It denotes the name of the family, which mostly comes from the male founder of the family, but also from a place, as in, Lash-aj (from the village Lashaj of Kastrat, MM, Shkodër). It is likely that its ancient form, still found in MM, was an [i] in front of the last name, as in ‘Déda i Lékajve’ (Déd of Lekës). For ease of use, the [i] in front of the last name, and the ending _ve, were dropped. If the last name ends in [a], then removing the [j] would give the name of the patriarch or the place, as in, Grudaj - j = Gruda (place in MM). Otherwise, removing the whole ending [aj] yields the name of founder or place of origin, as in Lekaj - aj = Lek(ë). Since the names are found most commonly in Malsi e Madhe (North) and Labëri (South), it is likely that this linguistic feature is very old. It must have been lost as a result of foreign influences brought into Albania by the invaders. [
citation needed ]
-ak (
Polish ,
Ukrainian ,
Belarusian ,
Croatian ,
Slovenian ,
Slovak ,
Montenegrin ,
Sorbian ) See -ák for its
Slovak meaning.
[12]
-ák (
Czech ,
Slovak ) In
Slovak , -ák means "pertaining to" or merely creates a noun, and its two other versions are -iak and -ak .
[12]
-al (
Nepali ) denotes for village of origin (for e.g.;
Khanal ,
Dhakal ,
Dahal ,
Rijal , etc.)
-an (
Ukrainian ,
Belarusian ) (e.g. Ruban)[
citation needed ]
-an (
Romanian )[
citation needed ]
-án (Spanish)[
citation needed ]
-and (French)[
citation needed ]
-ange (French) from Germanic -ing [
citation needed ]
-ani (
Sindhi ) "descended from"
[13]
-ano (
Italian ) feminine -ana "of or from [a locality]"; from Latin -ānus, -āna [
citation needed ]
-ant (English; Norman)[
citation needed ]
-ant (French; Old French)[
citation needed ]
-ant (Hindi; Sanskrit)[
citation needed ]
-anu (Romanian)[
citation needed ]
-appa (
Kodava ) patronymic, meaning "father"
-ár (
Slovak )[
citation needed ]
-ář (
Czech )[
citation needed ]
-arz (
Polish )[
citation needed ]
-as (French) Duras, Porras, Dumas
-au (-aw ) (
Belarusian ) / -aŭ (
Belarusian Latin ).[
citation needed ]
-ava (Belarusian) feminine equivalent of -au
-au (
German ) in a
toponymic surname , "of or from a lower place near water"
[14]
-auskas /-iauskas (
Lithuanian ) equivalent to Polish -owski , -ewski , Belarusian -ouski , -euski / Belarusian Latin -oŭski , -eŭski [
citation needed ]
-awan (
Urdu )[
citation needed ]
-ba (Abkhazian) "male"[
citation needed ]
-chi , -çı , -çi , cı , -ci (Azeri, Persian, چی-, Turkish) attributed to a geographic location or performing a certain job
[15]
-chian (Persian, چیان-) attributed to or performing a certain job[
citation needed ]
-chek , -chik , -chyk , -chuk (
Ukrainian ,
Belarusian /
Belarusian Latin : -ček , -čyk , -čuk /) diminutive[
citation needed ]
-ckas (
Lithuanian ) Lithuanianized version of the Polish and Belarusian -cki [
citation needed ]
-cki (
Polish ,
Belarusian ,
Croatian ,
Serbian ,
Sorbian ) variant of -ski [
citation needed ]
-cka (Polish, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Sorbian) Feminine equivalent of -cki [
citation needed ]
-ckis (
Latvian ) Latvianized version of the Polish and Belarusian -cki [
citation needed ]
-cký (
Czech ,
Slovak )[
citation needed ]
-čki (
Serbian ,
Croatian ,
Bulgarian )[
citation needed ]
-cock , -cox (English) "little"[
citation needed ]
-dan, -den, -don, -dön (
Kyrghyz ) "from (whom)", when the ancestor 's name ends in a soft consonant also vowel (e.g. Asanbaydan, Marlenden, Ormondon, Bayköldön )
-datter (Danish, Norwegian) "daughter (of)"[
citation needed ]
-din (Swedish)[
citation needed ]
-dotter (Norwegian, Swedish) "daughter (of)"[
citation needed ]
-dóttir (
Icelandic ) "daughter (of)" (
patronymic suffix (sometimes matronymic) (by law) of not a family name but part of the
Icelandic last name where (usually) the father's name is always slightly modified and then dóttir added)[
citation needed ]
-dze (
Georgian ) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-dzki (
Polish ) variant of -ski , -cki [
citation needed ]
-é (Catalan)[
citation needed ]
-ê , -yê (Kurdish) means "of" (male) (by two surnames)[
clarification needed ]
-eanu (
Romanian )[
citation needed ]
-eau , -eault (French) diminutive suffix (Latin -ellu- )[
citation needed ]
-ec (Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Slovenian, Polish,
Sorbian , Ukrainian, Belarusian), (French spelling for Breton -e.g. )[
citation needed ]
-ee (See -i)[
citation needed ]
-eff (
Russian ,
Bulgarian ) obsolete, copied from German transliteration of -ev [
citation needed ]
-eiro (
Portuguese ,
Galician )[
citation needed ]
-eix (
French ), diminutive
-ek (
Czech ,
Polish ,
Slovak ,
Slovenian ,
Croatian ) diminutive[
citation needed ]
-ell (English spelling for French -el , diminutive)[
citation needed ]
-el (Northern French and Occitan, French -eau )[
citation needed ]
-ema (Suffix of
Frisian origin, given by
Napoleon Bonaparte who used suffixes like these to keep a record of people's origins within the
Netherlands )[
citation needed ]
-ems (
Dutch )[
citation needed ]
-ėnas (Lithuanian) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-enko (
Ukrainian ), -enka /-anka (
Belarusian ) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-chenko (Ukrainian), -chenka /-chanka (Belarusian /
Belarusian Latin : -čenka , -čanka /)
-ens (
Dutch )[
citation needed ]
-ent (
French )[
citation needed ]
-enya (
Belarusian /
Belarusian Latin : -enia /) (e.g. Gerasimenya)[
citation needed ]
-er (Dutch, English, French, German, Turkish "male")[
citation needed ]
-ero (Spanish)[
citation needed ]
-ers (
Dutch )[
citation needed ]
-es (Greek, Portuguese) "son of" in Portuguese[
citation needed ]
-ese (
Italian ) plural -esi "of or from [a locality]"; from Latin -ēnsis [
citation needed ]
-escu (
Romanian ) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-ești (
Romanian ) possessive plural, also used in place names[
citation needed ]
-et (French) (diminutive suffix Latin -ettu- or former -el )[
citation needed ]
-ets (
Ukrainian ,
Belarusian )[
citation needed ]
-eu (-ew ) (
Belarusian /
Belarusian Latin : -eŭ /) equivalent to Russian -ev [
citation needed ]
-ev (
Russian (all
Eastern Slavic languages ),
Bulgarian ,
Macedonian ) possessive[
citation needed ]
-eva (Russian (all Eastern Slavic languages), Bulgarian, Macedonian) Feminine equivalent of -ev [
citation needed ]
-evski (
Macedonian ,
Bulgarian ) possessive[
citation needed ]
-evska (Macedonian, Bulgarian) Feminine equivalent of -evski [
citation needed ]
-ez (
Spanish , North Picard) including Spanish-speaking countries "son of"; in Picard, old spelling for -et [
citation needed ]
-ëz (
Albanian ) for feminine; a word refer to something smaller, either literally or figuratively as in a form of endearment[
citation needed ]
-fia , -fi , -fy , -ffy (
Hungarian ) "descendant of" (literally "son of")[
citation needed ]
-fleth , -felth , -fleet (
Northern German ) current, body of water
-gil , (Turkish, "family") (e.g. Korkmazgil)[
citation needed ]
-i (Hungarian) "of", "from" indicates region of origin, sign of nobility (e.g. "Szentiványi", "Rákóczi"). Like German Von.[
citation needed ]
-i (
Arabic ,
Persian ,
Hebrew ) "descendant of", "attributed to" (e.g. "Baghdadi", "Abbasi") or, (
Iranian ) "from" (e.g. "Barzani" from Barzan, or Tabrizi from Tabriz.)
[15]
-ia (Abkhaz, Mingrelian)[
citation needed ]
-ian(ts) , -yan(ts) , -jian , -gian , -ents , -ants , -unts , -uni (
Armenian ,
Persian ) "son/daughter of"[
citation needed ]
-iak (
Ukrainian ,
Belarusian ,
Polish ) "descendant of". In
Slovak , -iak is a version of -ák /-ak and means "pertaining to" or merely creates a noun.
[12]
-ic(k) (French), misspelling for Breton -ig , diminutive[
citation needed ]
-ich (-ovich /-evich ) (
Belarusian /
Belarusian Latin : -ič , [
citation needed ] –ovič , -evič /), -ych (-ovych /-evych ) (
Ukrainian ) "son of"
-
ić (-ović /-ević ) (
Serbian ,
Croatian ,
Bosnian ,
Montenegrin )
diminutive
possessive , little son of [
citation needed ]
-begović (Bosniak) diminutive possessive of a
beg , i.e. chieftain's or chief's little son [
citation needed ]
-ici (-ovici /-evici )
Romanian of Slavic origin (Romanian adaptation of -ić or -ich /-ych )[
citation needed ]
-ič (-ovič ) (
Slovenian ,
Slovak ,
Czech [rarely]) diminutive, "son of"[
citation needed ]
-ičius (
Lithuanian ) Lithuanianized version of the Belarusian -ich (
Belarusian Latin : -ič ) and Polish -icz [
citation needed ]
-avičius /-evičius (Lithuanian) Lithuanianized version of the Belarusian -ovich /-evich (Belarusian Latin: -ovič /-evič ) and Polish -owicz /-ewicz [
citation needed ]
-ičs (
Latvian ) Latvianized version of the Belarusian -ich (
Belarusian Latin : -ič ) and Polish -icz [
citation needed ]
-ovičs /-evičs (Latvian) Latvianized version of the Belarusian -ovich /-evich (Belarusian Latin: -ovič /-evič ) and Polish -owicz /-ewicz [
citation needed ]
-ides , -idis , -idas (Greek), "son of"[
citation needed ]
-ier (French)[
citation needed ]
-ik (
Belarusian ,
Polish ,
Croatian ,
Czech ,
Slovak ,
Slovenian ) It merely creates a noun in
Slovak where -ik is a version of -ík , can be endearment, diminutive, have other meanings.
[16]
-ík (
Slovak ) It merely creates a noun and can also be endearment, diminutive, have other meanings; its other
Slovak version is -ik .
[16]
-ik (
Estonian ) if it follows a tree name, has a meaning "grove"[
citation needed ]
-ikh , -ykh (
Russian )[
citation needed ]
-in (
Russian (all Eastern Slavic languages),
Bulgarian ) possessive[
citation needed ]
-
ina (female equivalent of -in ; especially rare for male names, but the suffix alone is an actual female name)[
citation needed ]
-yn (Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian) possessive[
citation needed ]
-in (French) diminutive[
citation needed ]
-in (Dutch, German) suffix attached to old Germanic female surnames (e.g. female surname "Mayerin", the wife of "Mayer")
[17]
-ing , ink (Anglo-Saxon, Dutch, German) "descendant"[
citation needed ]
-ino (a common suffix for male Latino and Italian names)[
citation needed ]
-ipa (Abkhazian) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-ipha (Abkhazian) "girl of"[
citation needed ]
-is (Greek, /male/
Lithuanian )[
citation needed ]
-ishin , -yshyn (
Ukrainian ) possessive (e.g. Romanishin = son of wife of Roman)[
citation needed ]
-iu (
Romanian )[
citation needed ]
-ius (Lithuanian) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-iv (
Ukrainian ) possessive.[
citation needed ]
-j (Adygean)"old"[
citation needed ]
-ja (Sindhi) "meaning of"
-jerhin/-jerin (
Kyrghyz ) "place (of origin)" Usually, this form of the surname is assigned to kairylmans who do not have a surname. This form is added to the place of residence, origin. Those who do not know their origin can also be used. It is possible at will. (e.g. Pamirjerhin/Pamirjerin, Tongjerhin/Tongjerin). In The
Kyrghyz latine alphabet will be -zerin
-ka (
Belarusian ,
Polish ,
Czech ,
Slovak ) diminutive[
citation needed ]
-kan , -ken (Turkish) (e.g. Vuruşkan)[
citation needed ]
-kar (Marathi) (e.g. Tendulkar)[
citation needed ] "originating from",
-ke (German) "small"
-ke (Italian, Russian)[
citation needed ] In surnames of Slavic origin. Like Ukrainian -ko
-kin , -kins , -ken (English) "little"[
citation needed ]
-kin (Dutch) "little"[
citation needed ]
-ko (
Ukrainian ,
Polish ,
Slovak ,
Czech )diminutive[
citation needed ]
-ko (Polish, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Serbian)- diminutive, “child,” “descendant of.” It is used in affectionate forms of first names, and is also a common suffix in many surnames.
-ko (Adygean) "son" ĸъо [
citation needed ]
-kus (Lithuanian)[
citation needed ]
-kvist , -qvist (Swedish) "twig"[
citation needed ]
-kyzy (
Kazakh ) "daughter of"[
citation needed ]
-kyzy (
Kyrghyz ) "daughter of" (but usually used for patronymic) [
citation needed ]
-la , -lä (Finnish)
-le , -lein (German) "small"[
citation needed ]
-li , -lı , -lu , -lü (
Turkish ,
Azeri ) "from" (e.g. İzmirli, Ankaralı, İstanbullu, Bakülü)[
citation needed ]
-li (Italian)[
citation needed ]
-lin (French, Irish, Swedish) in Germanic names "small"[
citation needed ]
-litz (German)[
citation needed ]
-man(n) (Dutch, German, English)[
citation needed ]
-mand (Persian, مند-) owning or showing
[15]
-maz (Turkish) "does not" (e.g. "
Yılmaz = Yields not", "Korkmaz = Fears not")[
citation needed ]
-men , -man (Turkish) flipping suffix (e.g. ak=white, akman=purely white), "person", "male person", have other meanings[
citation needed ]
-ment (French) from Germanic “man”[
citation needed ]
-mere (Old English) meaning “lake” [
citation needed ]
-moar [
citation needed ]
-mohr (German)[
citation needed ]
-moor [
citation needed ]
-moore [
citation needed ]
-more [
citation needed ]
-mor [
citation needed ]
-nė , -te /female/ (
Lithuanian )[
citation needed ]
-nen (
Finnish )
diminutive , "from"[
citation needed ]
-nik (Estonian) attributed to occupation (talu being "farm" – talunik being "farmer")[
citation needed ]
-nova , -novas (Italian,
Galician , Catalan) "new"[
citation needed ]
-novo (
Galician ) "new"[
citation needed ]
-ný (Czech, Slovak) adjective[
citation needed ]
-ny (Polish) adjective[
citation needed ]
-nezhad , -nejad , -nejhad (Persian, نژاد) "descendant of"
[15]
-nyi (
Hungarian )[
citation needed ]
-off (Russian, Bulgarian) obsolete, copied from French transliteration of -ov , based on Muscovite[
dubious –
discuss ] pronunciation[
citation needed ]
-oğlu (Azeri,
Turkish ) "son of" (e.g. Türkoğlu)[
citation needed ]
-ok (Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech)[
citation needed ]
-ois , -oy , -ais , -ay (French) from Germanic -isk and Vulgar Latin -ese [
citation needed ]
-on (French), former subject case in masculine names[
citation needed ]
-onak (-onok ) (
Belarusian )[
citation needed ]
-onis (Lithuanian) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-os (Greek) like Latin -us (Gasconic, Spanish, Portuguese) from Latin -us [
citation needed ]
-osz , -oš (Polish, Czech, Slovak)[
citation needed ]
-ot (French) "little"[
citation needed ]
-ou(t) (French), various origins[
citation needed ]
-ou (
Greek ) "daughter of"[
citation needed ]
-ou (-ow ) (
Belarusian ) / -oŭ (
Belarusian Latin ) equivalent to Russian -ov [
citation needed ]
-ova (Belarusian) feminine equivalent of -ou
-ouf (French), French spelling of Arabic names ending with -ūf [
citation needed ]
-ouf , Norman-French spelling of surnames of Anglo-Scandinavian origin or West Germanic origin ending with -ulf or -wulf
-oui (French), French spelling of Arabic names, English spelling -wi [
citation needed ]
-ous [
citation needed ]
-ov (all Eastern Slavic languages,
Bulgarian ,
Macedonian ) possessive[
citation needed ]
-ova (all Eastern Slavic languages, Bulgarian, Macedonian) feminine equivalent of -ov , -ou , -ow [
citation needed ]
-ová (Czech, Slovak) feminine derivative of a
noun male surname
-ovo (Russian) (e.g.
Durnovo )[
citation needed ]
-ovski (
Macedonian ,
Bulgarian ) possessive[
citation needed ]
-ovska (Macedonian, Bulgarian) Feminine equivalent of -ovski [
citation needed ]
-ow (
Russian , though found in predominantly
German names, it is pronounced like English "ow" not like the German "ov")[
citation needed ]
-pour , -poor (Persian) "son of"
[15]
-putra (Indonesian) "son"[
citation needed ]
-putri (Indonesian) "daughter"[
citation needed ]
-quin , (French) from Dutch -kin "little"[
citation needed ]
-s (English, Dutch, Irish, Welsh) "(son/daughter) of". Sometimes less recognizable, like in "Hendrickx" (son/daughter of Hendrik)[
citation needed ]
-sen or -zen (
Danish ,
Norwegian , Dutch or Low German) "son (of)"[
citation needed ]
-ssen (Dutch or Low German) "son (of)"[
citation needed ]
-ssens or -sens (Dutch) "grandson/granddaughter of". Literally "(son/daughter) of the son of"[
citation needed ]
-shvili (
Georgian ) "child"[
citation needed ]
-skas (
Lithuanian ) Lithuanianized version of the Polish and Belarusian -ski [
citation needed ]
-ski (
Polish ,
Belarusian ,
Macedonian ,
Bulgarian ,
Sorbian ,
Croatian . Also Russian but more often transliterated as -sky ), "originating from", "estate of"[
citation needed ]
-ska (Polish, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Sorbian, Croatian) Feminine equivalent of -ski [
citation needed ]
-skiy /-tskiy , -skyi /-tskyi (
Ukrainian )[
citation needed ]
-skoy /-tskoy (
Russian ) (e.g. Shakhovskoy)[
citation needed ]
-sky /-tsky (Russian, Ukrainian)[
citation needed ]
-ský (
Czech ,
Slovak ) "originating from", "lord of"[
citation needed ]
-skis (
Latvian ) Latvianized version of the Polish and Belarusian -ski [
citation needed ]
-sma (Frisian) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-son (English, Swedish, German, Norwegian, Scottish,
Icelandic ) "son (of)" (sometimes less recognizable, e.g. "Dixon"; in Iceland not part of a family name but the
patronymic (sometimes matronymic) last name (by law) , where (usually) the fathers's name is always slightly modified and then son added)[
citation needed ]
-sson (
Icelandic , Norwegian, Swedish, Scottish) "son (of)" (in Iceland technically the first s is a separate "suffix" of the father's name according to
Icelandic language rules, one of the most common modifications)[
citation needed ]
-(s)son (French), diminutive[
citation needed ]
-stad (Norwegian) "town" [
citation needed ]
-stein (
German ) "stone"[
citation needed ]
-strom , -strøm , -ström (Danish, Swedish) from 'current', probably an arbitrarily adopted ornamental name but possibly a topographic name for someone who lived by a river. [
citation needed ]
-tæ (Ossetian) "belong to"[
citation needed ]
-tabar (Persian) "descendant of"
[15]
-tan, -ten, -ton, -tön (
Kyrghyz ) "from (whom)", when the ancestor 's name ends in a hard consonant (e.g. Syrghaktan, Barsbekten, Bolotton, Küchlüktön )
-teghin (
Kyrghyz ) "family tree, descent from the ancestor of the same name", is added at the end to the name of one ancestor. (e.g. Esenteghin, Alymbekteghin, Üsönaalyteghin) Marriage form for the surname -teghinghe — " Belonging to this family tree" (e.g. Esenteghinghe, Alymbekteghinghe, Üsönaalyteghinghe)
-tō, -dō (
Japanese ) "from
Fujiwara clan "
-tzki , -tzky (Polish) – phonetic Germanized spelling of original Polish -cki [
citation needed ]
-uulu (
Kyrghyz ) - "son of" (but usually used for patronymic)
-uk (
Ukrainian ,
Belarusian ) diminutive[
citation needed ]
-ulea (Romanian) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-ulis (
Lithuanian )[
citation needed ]
-uly (
Kazakh form of -uulu) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-ūnas (Lithuanian) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-vich (
Belarusian /
Belarusian Latin : -vič /, occasionally a respelling of original Serbian, Croatian -vić ) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-vych (
Ukrainian )[
citation needed ]
-wicz (
Polish ), -wic (Polish)[
citation needed ]
-vić (
Serbian ,
Croatian ,
Bosnian ,
Montenegrin )[
citation needed ]
-vič (
Slovenian ,
Slovak ,
Czech [rarely]), -vic (Slovak, Czech [rarely])[
citation needed ]
-vici (Romanianized respellings)[
citation needed ]
-vics , -vits (Hungarianized respellings)[
citation needed ]
-vitz , -witz , -witch , -witsch (Germanized or Anglicized respellings)[
citation needed ]
-vičius (
Lithuanian ) Lithuanianized version of the Belarusian -vich (
Belarusian Latin : -vič ) and Polish -wicz [
citation needed ]
-vičs (
Latvian ) Latvianized version of the Belarusian -vich (Belarusian Latin: -vič ) and Polish [
citation needed ] –wicz
-vedi (
Sanskrit , Hindi) "learned in _
Vedas " (e.g. Trivedi = "learned in 3 Vedas")
-wala, -wallah, wali, vala, vali (
Hindustani ,
Gujarati ,
Bengali ,
Marathi ) denotes the occupation or place of origin (Occupation example: Batliwala – one who deals with bottles. Place example: Suratwala – one from Surat)[
citation needed ]
-wan (Indonesian) denotes a male name[
citation needed ]
-wati (Indonesian) denotes a female name[
citation needed ]
-wi (
Arabic ) "from"[
citation needed ]
-y (Arabic/Persian) Means descendant of.
[15]
-y (See -i )[
citation needed ]
-yal
-ycz (
Polish )[
citation needed ]
-yk (Polish,
Belarusian ,
Ukrainian )[
citation needed ]
-ynas (
Lithuanian ) "son of"[
citation needed ]
-ys (English) representing i. the archaic plural form, or ii. a diminutive form. Variant forms not limited to -yss , -is , -es . Pronunciation is as modern plural suffix -s ; i.e. Sandys = sands; Foulis = fowls.
[18]
[19]
-ysz (Polish)[
citation needed ]
-za (Kurdish) "born of"[
citation needed ]
-
zadeh , -zada (Turkish, Azeri, Persian زاده), -zai (Pashto) "son of", "descendant of"
[15]
-zadegan (Persian, زادگان-) plural form of zadeh [
citation needed ]
See also
References
^
a
b Engber, Daniel (2006-07-03).
"Abu, Ibn, and Bin, Oh My!" . Slate .
ISSN
1091-2339 . Retrieved 2018-04-28 .
^ Wynbrandt, James; Gerges, Fawaz A. (2010).
A Brief History of Saudi Arabia . p.
xvii .
ISBN
978-0816078769 .
^
a
b
"BBC Wales - History - Themes - Welsh naming" . BBC . Retrieved 2018-04-28 .
^
"Wales Personal Names - FamilySearch" . www.familysearch.org . Retrieved 2023-05-21 .
^
"Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 2019-08-03. Retrieved 2019-07-25 . {{
cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link )
^ Dogra, R. C. (4 Aug 2014).
"Notes on hindi names" . International Library Review . 8 (3): 327–347.
doi :
10.1016/0020-7837(76)90040-6 .
ISSN
0020-7837 .
^
"Normativa" . Universitat Illes Balears.
^ O'Growney, Eugene (1898).
"The 'Muls' and Gils': Some Irish Surnames" . Library Ireland . Retrieved 18 May 2021 .
^ O Flannghaile, Thomas (1896).
"Mac, Kil-, Gil-, Mal- prefixes to Celtic Surnames" . Library Ireland . Retrieved 1 June 2023 .
^
"Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla (Ó Dónaill): ní" . www.teanglann.ie . Retrieved 2020-12-22 .
^
"Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla (Ó Dónaill): ó" . www.teanglann.ie . Retrieved 2020-12-22 .
^
a
b
c Votruba, Martin.
"Last Names in -ák" . Slovak Studies Program . University of Pittsburgh.
^ Sakhrani, Tarun (4 January 2016).
"The Sindhis of Sindh And Beyond" . Huffington Post . Retrieved 9 August 2016 .
^
"German Place Names ending in -AU" .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h Megerdoomian, Karine (February 2008). "The Structure of Persian Names". Mitre Technical Report .
CiteSeerX
10.1.1.717.1899 .
^
a
b Votruba, Martin.
"Last Names in -ík" . Slovak Studies Program . University of Pittsburgh.
^ Rixner, T.A. (1830).
"Handwörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache" . Vol. 1 A-K, Page 290 . 1830 Sulzbach / Germany.
^ Weekley, Ernest (1914).
The Romance of Names . E.P. Dutton.
^ An Old Phonographer (October 9, 1886).
"Aristocratic Surnames" . The Critic . 9 (145): 178. Retrieved July 12, 2019 .
External links