From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level. List based on Fearon's analysis

This article contains lists of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level.

Methodology

The lists are commonly used in economics literature to compare the levels of ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious fractionalization in different countries. [1] [2]

Fractionalization is the probability that two individuals drawn randomly from the country's groups are not from the same group (ethnic, religious, or whatever the criterion is). Note that in Fearon's analysis, only groups containing over one percent of the country's population were considered. This limit made Papua New Guinea (PNG) an outlier; as none of its thousands of groups included more than one percent of the population, it was considered to have zero groups and thus have a perfect fractionalization score of 1.

The two lists have been described by Alesina and Ferrara as follows: [1]

" Fearon [3] and Alesina et al. [4] have compiled various measures of ethnic heterogeneity which try to tackle the fact that the difference amongst groups manifests itself in different ways in different places. The two classifications are constructed differently. Alesina et al. [4] do not take a stand on what ethnicity (or language or religion) are more salient than others and adopt the country breakdown suggested by original sources, mainly the Encyclopædia Britannica. Fearon [3] instead is trying to construct the 'right list' of ethnic groups which 'depends on what people in the country identify as the most socially relevant ethnic groupings'. This approach has the advantage of being closer to what the theory would want and the disadvantage of having to make judgement calls (or adopt others' judgement calls) about what is the 'right list'."

List based on Fearon's analysis

In the Fearon list, ethnic fractionalization is approximated by a measure of similarity between languages, varying from 1 = the population speaks two or more unrelated languages to 0 = the entire population speaks the same language. [3] This index of cultural diversity is biased towards linguistic variations as opposed to genetic diversity and other variations.

Ethnic, linguistic and religious fractionalization (2003) [4]
Country Ethnic
Fractionalization 		Linguistic
Fractionalization 		Religious
Fractionalization
  Afghanistan 0.769300 0.614100 0.271700
  Albania 0.220400 0.039900 0.471900
  Algeria 0.339400 0.442700 0.009100
  American Samoa 0.000000 0.173300 0.639500
  Andorra 0.713900 0.684800 0.232600
  Angola 0.786700 0.787000 0.627600
  Antigua and Barbuda 0.164300 0.106300 0.684000
  Argentina 0.255000 0.061800 0.223600
  Armenia 0.127200 0.129100 0.457600
  Aruba 0.000000 0.388900 0.410700
  Australia 0.092900 0.334900 0.821100
  Austria 0.106800 0.152200 0.414600
  Azerbaijan 0.204700 0.205400 0.489900
  Bahamas 0.422800 0.185500 0.681500
  Bahrain 0.502100 0.434400 0.552800
  Bangladesh 0.045400 0.092500 0.209000
  Barbados 0.142300 0.092600 0.693400
  Belarus 0.322200 0.466600 0.611600
  Belgium 0.555400 0.540900 0.212700
  Belize 0.701500 0.630300 0.581300
  Benin 0.787200 0.790500 0.554400
  Bermuda 0.000000 0.000000 0.711200
  Bhutan 0.605000 0.605600 0.378700
  Bolivia 0.739600 0.224000 0.208500
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.630000 0.675100 0.685100
  Botswana 0.410200 0.411000 0.598600
  Brazil 0.540800 0.046800 0.605400
  Brunei 0.541600 0.343800 0.440400
  Bulgaria 0.402100 0.303100 0.596500
  Burkina Faso 0.737700 0.722800 0.579800
  Burundi 0.295100 0.297700 0.515800
  Cambodia 0.210500 0.210400 0.096500
  Cameroon 0.863500 0.889800 0.733800
  Canada 0.712400 0.577200 0.695800
  Cape Verde 0.417400 0.000000 0.076600
  Central African Republic 0.829500 0.833400 0.791600
  Chad 0.862000 0.863500 0.641100
  Chile 0.186100 0.187100 0.384100
  China 0.153800 0.132700 0.664300
  Colombia 0.601400 0.019300 0.147800
  Comoros 0.000000 0.010300 0.013700
  DR Congo 0.874700 0.870500 0.702100
  Congo 0.874700 0.687100 0.664200
  Costa Rica 0.236800 0.048900 0.241000
  Ivory Coast 0.820400 0.784200 0.755100
  Croatia 0.369000 0.076300 0.444700
  Cuba 0.590800 0.000000 0.505900
  Cyprus 0.093900 0.396200 0.396200
  Czech Republic 0.322200 0.323300 0.659100
  Denmark 0.081900 0.104900 0.233300
  Djibouti 0.796200 0.655800 0.043500
  Dominica 0.200300 0.000000 0.462800
  Dominican Republic 0.429400 0.039500 0.311800
  East Timor 0.000000 0.526100 0.425400
  Ecuador 0.655000 0.130800 0.141700
  Egypt 0.183600 0.023700 0.197900
  El Salvador 0.197800 0.000000 0.355900
  Equatorial Guinea 0.346700 0.322000 0.119500
  Eritrea 0.652400 0.653000 0.425300
  Estonia 0.506200 0.494400 0.498500
  Ethiopia 0.723500 0.807300 0.624900
  Faroe Islands 0.000000 0.000000 0.314700
  Fiji 0.547900 0.547900 0.568200
  Finland 0.131500 0.141200 0.253100
  France 0.103200 0.122100 0.402900
  French Guiana 0.000000 0.115400 0.495900
  French Polynesia 0.000000 0.607800 0.581300
  Gabon 0.769000 0.782100 0.667400
  Gambia 0.786400 0.807600 0.097000
  Gaza Strip 0.000000 0.010400 0.034200
  Georgia 0.492300 0.474900 0.654300
  Germany 0.168200 0.164200 0.657100
  Ghana 0.673300 0.673100 0.798700
  Greece 0.157600 0.030000 0.153000
  Greenland 0.000000 0.218800 0.459200
  Grenada 0.266100 0.000000 0.589800
  Guadeloupe 0.000000 0.093300 0.306900
  Guam 0.000000 0.732000 0.408200
  Guatemala 0.512200 0.458600 0.375300
  Guinea 0.738900 0.772500 0.264900
  Guinea-Bissau 0.808200 0.814100 0.612800
  Guyana 0.619500 0.068800 0.787600
  Haiti 0.095000 0.000000 0.470400
  Honduras 0.186700 0.055300 0.235700
  Hong Kong 0.062000 0.212800 0.419100
  Hungary 0.152200 0.029700 0.524400
  Iceland 0.079800 0.082000 0.191300
  India 0.418200 0.806900 0.326000
  Indonesia 0.735100 0.768000 0.234000
  Iran 0.668400 0.746200 0.115200
  Iraq 0.368900 0.369400 0.484400
  Ireland 0.120600 0.031200 0.155000
  Isle of Man 0.000000 0.000000 0.472900
  Israel 0.343600 0.552500 0.346900
  Italy 0.114500 0.114700 0.302700
  Jamaica 0.412900 0.109800 0.616000
  Japan 0.011900 0.017800 0.540600
  Jersey 0.000000 0.000000 0.547900
  Jordan 0.592600 0.039600 0.065900
  Kazakhstan 0.617100 0.662100 0.589800
  Kenya 0.858800 0.886000 0.776500
  Kiribati 0.051100 0.023700 0.554100
  South Korea 0.002000 0.002100 0.660400
  North Korea 0.039200 0.002800 0.489100
  Kyrgyzstan 0.675200 0.594900 0.447000
  Kuwait 0.660400 0.344400 0.674500
  Laos 0.513900 0.638200 0.545300
  Latvia 0.586700 0.579500 0.555600
  Lebanon 0.131400 0.131200 0.788600
  Lesotho 0.255000 0.254300 0.721100
  Liberia 0.908400 0.903800 0.488300
  Libya 0.792000 0.075800 0.057000
  Liechtenstein 0.572600 0.224600 0.334300
  Lithuania 0.322300 0.321900 0.414100
  Luxembourg 0.530200 0.644000 0.091100
  Macau 0.000000 0.251900 0.551100
  North Macedonia 0.502300 0.502100 0.589900
  Madagascar 0.879100 0.020400 0.519100
  Malawi 0.674400 0.602300 0.819200
  Malaysia 0.588000 0.597000 0.665700
  Mali 0.690600 0.838800 0.182000
  Malta 0.041400 0.090700 0.122300
  Marshall Islands 0.060300 0.073400 0.520700
  Martinique 0.000000 0.000000 0.233600
  Mauritania 0.615000 0.326000 0.014900
  Mauritius 0.463400 0.454700 0.638500
  Mayotte 0.000000 0.721200 0.062000
  Mexico 0.541800 0.151100 0.179600
  Micronesia 0.700500 0.748300 0.646900
  Moldova 0.553500 0.553300 0.560300
  Monaco 0.683800 0.730500 0.304700
  Mongolia 0.368200 0.373400 0.079900
  Morocco 0.484100 0.468300 0.003500
  Mozambique 0.693200 0.812500 0.675900
  Burma 0.506200 0.507200 0.197400
  Namibia 0.632900 0.700500 0.662600
  Nauru 0.583200 0.616100 0.619400
  Nepal 0.663200 0.716700 0.141700
  Netherlands Antilles 0.000000 0.250800 0.386600
  Netherlands 0.105400 0.514300 0.722200
  New Caledonia 0.000000 0.663300 0.546200
  New Zealand 0.396900 0.165700 0.811000
  Nicaragua 0.484400 0.047300 0.429000
  Niger 0.651800 0.651900 0.201300
  Nigeria 0.850500 0.831600 0.742100
  Northern Mariana Islands 0.000000 0.775400 0.481100
  Norway 0.058600 0.067300 0.204800
  Oman 0.437300 0.356700 0.432200
  Pakistan 0.709800 0.719000 0.384800
  Palau 0.431200 0.315700 0.714700
  Panama 0.552800 0.387300 0.333800
  Papua New Guinea 0.271800 0.352600 0.552300
  Paraguay 0.168900 0.597500 0.212300
  Peru 0.656600 0.335800 0.198800
  Philippines 0.238500 0.836000 0.305600
  Poland 0.118300 0.046800 0.171200
  Portugal 0.046800 0.019800 0.143800
  Puerto Rico 0.000000 0.035200 0.495200
  Qatar 0.745600 0.480000 0.095000
  Réunion 0.000000 0.157800 0.195200
  Romania 0.306900 0.172300 0.237300
  Russia 0.245200 0.248500 0.439800
  Rwanda 0.323800 0.000000 0.506600
  Saint Lucia 0.176900 0.316900 0.332000
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.306600 0.017500 0.702800
  Western Samoa 0.137600 0.011100 0.787100
  San Marino 0.292700 0.000000 0.197500
  São Tomé and Príncipe 0.000000 0.232200 0.186600
  Saudi Arabia 0.180000 0.094900 0.127000
  Senegal 0.693900 0.708100 0.149700
  Serbia 0.573600 - -
  Seychelles 0.202500 0.160600 0.232300
  Sierra Leone 0.819100 0.763400 0.539500
  Singapore 0.385700 0.383500 0.656100
  Slovakia 0.253900 0.255100 0.565500
  Slovenia 0.221600 0.220100 0.286800
  Solomon Islands 0.111000 0.525400 0.670800
  Somalia 0.811700 0.032600 0.002800
  South Africa 0.751700 0.865200 0.860300
  Spain 0.416500 0.413200 0.451400
  Sri Lanka 0.415000 0.464500 0.485300
  Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.184200 - 0.661400
  Sudan 0.714700 0.719000 0.430700
  Suriname 0.733200 0.331000 0.791000
  Swaziland 0.058200 0.172200 0.444400
  Sweden 0.060000 0.196800 0.234200
  Switzerland 0.531400 0.544100 0.608300
  Syria 0.539900 0.181700 0.431000
  Taiwan 0.274400 0.502800 0.684500
  Tajikistan 0.510700 0.547300 0.338600
  Tanzania 0.735300 0.898300 0.633400
  Thailand 0.633800 0.634400 0.099400
  Togo 0.709900 0.898000 0.659600
  Tonga 0.086900 0.378200 0.621400
  Trinidad and Tobago 0.647500 0.125100 0.793600
  Tunisia 0.039400 0.012400 0.010400
  Turkey 0.320000 0.221600 0.004900
  Turkmenistan 0.391800 0.398400 0.232700
  Tuvalu 0.162900 0.137200 0.252400
  Uganda 0.930200 0.922700 0.633200
  Ukraine 0.473700 0.474100 0.615700
  United Arab Emirates 0.625200 0.487400 0.331000
  United Kingdom 0.121100 0.053200 0.694400
  United States 0.490100 0.564700 0.824100
  Uruguay 0.250400 0.081700 0.354800
  Uzbekistan 0.412500 0.412000 0.213300
  Vanuatu 0.041300 0.579400 0.704400
  Venezuela 0.496600 0.068600 0.135000
  Vietnam 0.238300 0.237700 0.508000
  U.S. Virgin Islands 0.000000 0.314000 0.635900
  West Bank 0.000000 0.143800 0.309500
  Yemen 0.000000 0.008000 0.002300
  Yugoslavia 0.809200 0.606400 0.553000
  Zambia 0.780800 0.873400 0.735900
  Zimbabwe 0.387400 0.447200 0.736300

References

  1. ^ a b A. Alesina, E. Ferrara (2005). "Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance" (PDF). Journal of Economic Literature: 762–800. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
  2. ^ Natalka Patsiurko, John L. Campbell and John A. Hall (2012). "Measuring cultural diversity: ethnic, linguistic and religious fractionalization in the OECD" (PDF). Ethnic and Racial Studies. 35 (2): 195–217. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2011.579136. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 25, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
  3. ^ a b c James Fearon (2003). "Ethnic and Cultural Diversity by Country". Journal of Economic Growth. 8: 195–222. doi: 10.1023/A:1024419522867.
  4. ^ a b c Alberto Alesina; et al. (2003). "Fractionalization". Journal of Economic Growth. 8: 155–194. doi: 10.1023/a:1024471506938.
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=List_of_countries_ranked_by_ethnic_and_cultural_diversity_level&oldid=1210942206"