This article may require
cleanup to meet Wikipedia's
quality standards. The specific problem is: The source terms are missing frequently and numerous are falsely attributed to Germanic origin when they are mostly Latin, Greek or Celtic. This page requires serious revision due to unreliable and erroneous content. Please help
improve this article if you can.(November 2020) (
Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Some of these words existed in
Latin as
loanwords from other
languages. Some of these words have alternate
etymologies and may also appear on a list of
Spanish words from a different
language. Some words contain non-Germanic elements (see béisbol in the Middle English section). Any form with an
asterisk (*) is unattested and therefore
hypothetical.
Alphabetical list
A
aguantar "to put up with" (< maybe It agguantare, from guanto "gauntlet" < Old Provençal < OFr guant < Frankish *want)
equipar "to equip" : from Proto-Germanic *skipōną (“to ship, sail, embark”); akin to Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐍀 (skip, “ship”). Compare with Old High German scif, German Schiff, Icelandic skip, Old English scip (“ship”), Old Norse skipja (“to fit out a ship”). See ship.
rancho "ranch" from French ranger, from Old French ranc, from Frankish *hring or some other Germanic source
raza "race (lineage)" from Italian razza "race, lineage" from Langobard raiza "line, race" (trans. from Latin 'linea sanguinis' "bloodline of descent"), akin to OHG reiza "line" [2]
Old Frankish evolved to Old Dutch between 500 and 800 AD. Around 1200 AD Old Dutch evolved to Middle Dutch. Around the 16th century, Modern Dutch evolved out of Middle Dutch.
Frankish
aguantar= to
endure, bear,
resist: from
Italianagguantare "to retain, take hold of" (originally "to
detain with
gauntlets"), from
a- + guanto "
gauntlet", from Frankish (*)want (see guante below) +
verbalsuffix-are (suffix changed to -ar in Spanish).
alojar= to lodge, to house, to provide
hospitality: from
Catalanallotjar, from llotja from
Old Frenchloge, see lonja below.
bordar= to
embroider: from Frankish (*)bruzdon (source of
Old Frenchbrouder, brosder and
Frenchbroder), from Germanic (*)bruzd- "point,
needle", from the
IEroot (*)bhrs-dh-, from (*)bhrs-, from (*)bhar-, "point, nail."
bosquejo= a
sketch, outline,
rough draft: from Spanish bosquejar "to sketch, to outline", probably from
Catalanbosquejar from bosc, see bosque above.
destacar= to
detachtroops: from
Frenchdétachar (influenced by Spanish atacar), from
Old Frenchdestachier "to unattach", from des- "apart, away" + atachier, a variation of estachier, from estaca, from Frankish stakka, see estaca below in Germanic section.
destacar= to stand out, to
emphasize: from
Italianstaccare "to separate", from
Old Frenchdestacher, destachier, see destacar above.
estandarte= a
military standard: from
Old Frenchestandart, probably from Frankish (*)standhard "standard that marks a meeting place", (implicit sense: "that which stands firmly"), from (*)standan "to stand", (from Germanic (*)standan, from the
IEroot (*)sta- "to stand")[3] + (*)hard "hard, firm", see ardid below in Germanic section.
lonja=
market, building where
merchants and sellers gather: from regional
Catalanllonja (Modern Catalan llotja), from
Old Frenchlogo "dwelling, shelter", from Frankish (*)laubja "covering,
enclosure", from Germanic (*)laubja "shelter" (implicit sense "roof made of
bark"), from the
IEroot (*)leup- "to peel."
oboe= an
oboe: from
Frenchhautbois from haut (from
Frankish *hauh "high" and
Latinaltus "high") + bois "wood", see bosque above.
ranchear, rancho= ranch, From French ranger, from Old French ranc, from Frankish *hring' or some other Germanic source (Old High German hring "circle, ring"), from Proto-Germanic *khrengaz "circle, ring". Shares the root with rank.
amarrar= to
moor a boat, to
tie, to fasten: from
Frenchamarrer, "to moor", from Middle Dutch aanmarren "to fasten", from aan "on" (from Germanic (*)ana, (*)anō, from the
IEroot (*)an-)[5] + marren "to fasten, to moor a boat." See Modern Dutch aanmeren.
bulevar: from French boulevard, from Middle Dutch: bolwerc "rampart". See Modern Dutch bolwerk.
maniquí= a
mannequin, dummy,
puppet: from
Frenchmannequin, from (probably via
Catalanmaniquí)
Dutch, from Middle Dutch mannekijn "little man", from man "a man" (see alemán below in Germanic section) + the
diminutive suffix-ken, -kin, -kijn, from
West Germanic (*)-kin (cf.
Modern German-chen) See Modern Dutch manneken (Belgium).
rumbo=
direction,
course, route, pomp, ostentation: from
Old Spanishrumbo "each of the 32 points on a
compass", from
Middle Dutchrume "
space, place,
rhumb line, storeroom of a ship", from Germanic rūmaz "space, place", from the
IEroot (*)reu- "space, to open".[6] See Modern Dutch ruim.
babor=
port side of a ship: from
Frenchbabord "portside", from Dutch bakboord "left side of a ship", literally "back side of a ship" (from the fact that most ships were
steered from the
starboard side), from bak "back, behind", (from Germanic (*)bakam) + boord "
board, side of a ship", see borde below (in Germanic section). Also see estribor' "
starboard" below in the Germanic section
berbiquí=
carpenter's
brace: from regional
Frenchveberquin (French vilebrequin), from Dutch wimmelken, from wimmel "
auger,
drill, carpenter's brace" + -ken, a
diminutive suffix, see maniquí below in Middle Dutch section.
oeste= west: from
Middle Englishwest, from
Old Englishwest, from Germanic (*)west-, from (*)wes-to-, from (*)wes-, from (*)wespero- "evening,
dusk".[11]
sud-= south (combining form): from
Old Frenchsud "south", from
Old Englishsūth, from Germanic (*)sunthaz, from the
IEroot (*)sun-, swen-, variants of (*)sāwel- "
sun".[12]
bistec=
steak, beefsteak: from
Englishbeefsteak, from beef (ultimately from
Latinbōs, bovis "
cow", from the
IEroot (*)gwou- "ox, bull, cow")[22] + steak, from
Middle Englishsteyke, from Old Norse steik "piece of
meat cooked on a
spit", from Germanic (*)stik-, see estaca below in the Germanic section.
agasajar= to flatter: from agasajo (see agasajo below) + the
verbalsuffix -ar
agasajo=
entertainment, kind reception, friendliness, flattery: from
a- +
Old Spanishgasajo "reception" from Visigothic gasalja "companion,
comrade", from ga-with, together (from the
IEroot (*)kom)[23] + sal- "
room,
lodging" (see sala below in the Germanic section).
guardia= guard,
bodyguard, protection: from Visigothic wardja "a guard", from Germanic wardaz, from the
IEroot (*)wor-to-, see guardar below in Germanic section.
guardián=
guardian: from Visigothic wardjanaccusative of wardja, see guardia above.
atacar= to attack:
Old Italianattaccare "to fasten, join, unite, attack (implicit sense: to join in a battle)", changed from (*)estacar (by influence of
a-, common
verbalprefix) "to fasten, join", from Visigothic stakka "a stick, stake", from Germanic (*)stak-, see estaca in Germanic section.
abandonar= to abandon: from
Old Frencha bandon, from a + bandon "control" from ban "
proclamation,
jurisdiction,
power", from Germanic (*)banwan, (*)bannan "to proclaim, speak publicly".[24][25]
abordar= to board a ship, to approach, to undertake: from a- + bordo "side of a ship", variation of borde, see borde below
abotonar: to
button: from
a- + botón "button", see botón below
abrasar= to
burn, to parch: from
a- + brasa "a coal, ember" (see brasa below) + the
verbalsuffix -ar
aguardar= to wait, wait for: from
a- + guardar, see guardar below.
arpa= a
harp: from
French: harpe, from Germanic (*)harpōn-.
arrimar= to approach: possibly from
Old Frencharrimer, arimer "to
arrange the
cargo in the storeroom of a ship", from Germanic (*)rūmaz "
room"
atrapar= to
trap, to
ensnare: from
Frenchattraper, from
Old Frencha- + trape "trap", from Germanic (*)trep- (seen in the
Old Englishtræppe) from the
IEroot (*)dreb-, from (*)der- "to run."
bala= a
bullet:
Italianballa/palla, from Germanic (*)ball-, see béisbol above in Old English section.
balcón== a
balcony: from
Italianbalcone, from
Old Italianbalcone "
scaffold", from Germanic (*)balkōn "beam, crossbeam", from the
IEroot (*)bhelg- "beam, board, plank."
balón= a large
ball: from
Italianballone, pallone, balla (see bala above) + -one, an augmentive
suffix, related to and possibly the source of Spanish -ón (in balón). see
here.
banda=
ribbon, band,
sash: from
Old Frenchbande "
knot, fastening", from Germanic '*band-', from the
IEroot (*)bhondh-, from (*)bhendh-.[28]
banda=
band,
troop,
musical group: from Germanic '*bandwa-', "
standard, signal", also "group" (from the use of a
military standard by some groups), from the
IEroot (*)bha- "to shine" (implicit sense "signal that shines").
bandera=
banner: from
Vulgar Latin (*)bandaria "banner", from
Late Latinbandum "standard", from Germanic (*)bandwa, see banda= group below
bandido=
bandit,
gangster: from
Italianbandito "bandit", from bandire "to band together", from Germanic '*banwan', see abandonar above
banquete= a
banquet: rom
Old Frenchbanquet,
diminutive of banc "
bench, long seat", of Germanic origin, of the same family as the
Old High Germanbanc, see banco= bench above in Old High German section.
bohemio= a
bohemian, of
Bohemia,
vagabond,
eccentric,
Gitano,
Gypsy: from bohemio/Bohemia (from the belief that the
Gitanos came from Bohemia), from
Latinbohemus, from Boihaemum, literally "place of the Boi/
Boii (from
Celtic, see bohemiohere) +
Latin-haemum "home", from Germanic (*)haima "home", from the
IEroot (*)koi-mo-, from (*)koi-, variant of (*)kei- "
bed,
couch; beloved, dear".[30]
bota= a
boot: from or simply from the same source as
Frenchbotte "boot", from
Old Frenchbote "boot", probably from the same source as
Modern Frenchpied bot "
deformedfoot" in which bot is from Germanic (*)būtaz, from the
IEroot (*)bhau- "to strike", see botar below.
botar= to throw, to bounce, to jump: from
Old Frenchboter, bouter "to open, to hit, to
strike, to
perforate", from
Romancebottare "to strike, to push, to shove", from Germanic (*) buttan "to hit, to strike" from the
IEroot (*)bhau-.[31]
botón=
button: from
Old Frenchboton, bouton "button", from boter, bouter "to open,
perforate", see botar above
boya= a
buoy: probably from
Old Frenchboie, from Germanic, possibly from
Old High Germanbouhhan, from Germanic (*)baukna- "signal", from the
IEroot (*)bha- "to shine".[32]
dibujar= to
draw,
represent with lines: older Spanish meanings include "to represent, to
paint, to
sculpt, to do
wood carving", probably from
Old Frenchdeboissier "to sculpt in wood", from de- + bois "wood", from Germanic (*)busk-, see bosque above.
estaca= a stake: from Germanic (*)stak-, from the
IEroot (*)steg- "
pale, post pointed stick".[34]
estribor=
starboard side of a ship: from
Old Frenchestribord "starboard", (
Modern Frenchtribord), from a Germanic source (confer
Old Englishstēorbord). From Germanic (*)stiurjō "to
steer", + Germanic (*)'burd-, see borde above
guardar= to guard, watch over, keep, observe (a
custom): from Germanic (*)wardōn "to look after, take care of", from the
IEroot (*)wor-to-, "to watch", from (*)wor-, (*)wer- "to
see, watch,
perceive".[35]
sala= a
room: from Germanic sal- "room, house", from the
IEroot (*)sol- "
hamlet, human settlement."
salón= main room of a house (see sala above) + -on, augmentive
suffix.
trampa= a trap: possibly from Germanic, from the same derivation as trampolín (see below) and atrapar (see above).
vanguardia= vanguard: from
Old Spanishavanguardia, from
Catalanavantguarda from avant "before, advance", (from
Latinab- + ante "before") + guarda "guard", from Germanic wardaz, see guardia above in Visigothic section.
Américo = Italian Amerigo from Visigothic Amalric from amal "labour, work" + ric "kingdom, rule, domain"
Anselma
Anselmo
Armando
Astrid
Baldomero
Balduino
Baudelio
Bermudo
Bermundo
Bernardino
Bernardita
Bernardo
Berta
Blanca
Braulio
Brunilda
Bruno
Canuto
Carla
Carlito
Carlitos
Carlos
Carlota
Carolina
Claudomiro
Clotilde
Conrado
Curro
Dalia
Eberardo
Edelmira
Edelmiro
Edgardo
Edmundo
Eduardo
Elodia
Eloísa
Elvira
Ema
Emelina
Enrique
Erico
Ernesta
Ernestina
Ernesto
Etelvina
Federico
Fernanda
Fernando
Fito
Fran
Franco
Francisca
Francisco
Froilan
Geraldo
Gerardo
Gertrudis
Gervasio
Gilberto
Gisela
Godofredo
Gonzalo
Godino = of Visigothic origin, from Gaut 'Goth' or guþ 'god'.
Griselda
Gualterio
Guillermo
Guiomar
Gumersinda
Gumersindo
Gustavo
Hélder
Herberto
Heriberto
Hermenegildo
Hernán
Hernando
Hilda
Hildegarda
Hugo
Ida
Ildefonso
Imelda
Irma
Isidro
Isidoro
Ivette
Jordán
Jordana
Lalo
Leonardo
Leopoldo
Lorena
Ludovico
Luis
Luisa
Luisina
Lupe
Lupita
Matilde
Miro
Nando
Nilda
Nora
Norberto
Olegario
Olga
Olivia
Óscar
Osvaldo
Paca
Paco
Pancho
Paquita
Paquito
Ramiro
Ramom
Raimundo
Roberto
Rodolfo
Rodrigo = from Germanic Hrodric/Hrēðrīc/Rørik/Hrœrekr (
Roderick,
Rodrick,
Roderich; a compound of hrod 'renown' + ric 'power(ful)'), from the Proto-Germanic *Hrōþirīk(i)az; it was borne by the last of the Visigoth kings and is one of the most important Spanish personal names of Germanic origin.[36]
Rogelio
Rolando
Ronaldo
Rosendo
Sisenando
Sisebuto
Surnames
Alonso = Galician-Portuguese variant of Adalfuns.
Álvarez = patronymic form of Álvaro
Allariz = patronimic from Alaric
Bermudez = patronimic from Bermudo from Gothic Bermund
Enríquez = patronymic form of Enrique
Fernández = patronymic form of Fernando
García = patronymic form of Garces
Godínez = patronymic form of Godino
Gómez = patronymic form of Gome
González = patronymic form of Gonzalo
Guerra = From Gothic 'wirr'
Guerrero = occupational name meaning warrior, from Germanic werra, modern German wirr ("confused")
Guitiriz = patronimic form of Witiza
Gutiérrez = patronymic form of Gutierre
Guzmán = guts/man = goodman
Manrique(z)= from the Gothic "Aimanreiks" = Man(male) ric (realm/kingdom/power)
Henríque(z) = from the Gothic "Haimreiks" = Haim(village) ric (realm/kingdom/power)
Hernández = patronymic form of Hernando
Méndez = patronymic form of Mendo
Parra = from Gothic Grapevine
Ramírez = patronymic form of Ramiro
Rodríguez = patronymic form of Rodrigo
Ruiz = patronymic form of Ruy, variant of Rodrigo
Suevos = patronimic form of Suevo
Vélez = patronymic form of Vela, which itself is derived from Vigila (Wigila).