Animal species list.
Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi ) is found in all seven
Central American countries.
At least seven
monkey species are native to
Central America . An eighth species, the
Coiba Island howler (Alouatta coibensis ) is often recognized, but some authorities treat it as a subspecies of the
mantled howler , (A. palliata ).
[1] A ninth species, the
black-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps )is also often recognized, but some authorities regard it as a subspecies of
Geoffroy's spider monkey (A. geoffroyi ).
[2] In addition, two species of
white-faced capuchin monkey have been generally recognized since the 2010s although some primatologists consider these to be a single species.
[3]
Taxonomically , all Central American monkey species are classified as
New World monkeys , and they belong to four families. Five species belong to the family
Atelidae , which includes the
howler monkeys ,
spider monkeys ,
woolly monkeys and
muriquis . Three species belong to the family
Cebidae , the family that includes the
capuchin monkeys and
squirrel monkeys . One species each belongs to the night monkey family,
Aotidae , and the
tamarin and
marmoset family,
Callitrichidae .
Geoffroy's spider monkey is the only monkey found in all seven Central American countries, and it is also found in
Colombia ,
Ecuador and
Mexico .
[1]
[4] Other species that have a widespread distribution throughout Central America are the
mantled howler , which is found in five Central American countries, and the
Panamanian white-faced capuchin (Cebus imitator ), which is found in four Central American countries.
[5]
[6]
[3] The Coiba Island howler, the
black-headed spider monkey , the
Panamanian night monkey (Aotus zonalis ), the
Colombian white-faced capuchin (Cebus capucinus ) and
Geoffroy's tamarin (Saguinus geoffroyi ) are each found in only one Central American country,
Panama .
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[3] The
Central American squirrel monkey (Saimiri oerstedii ) also has a restricted distribution, living only on part of the
Pacific coast of
Costa Rica and a small portion of Panama.
[11]
El Salvador is the Central American country with the fewest monkey species, as only Geoffroy's spider monkey lives there. Panama has the most species, nine, as the only Central American monkey species that does not include Panama within its range is the
Yucatán black howler (Alouatta pigra ).
The
mantled howler (Alouatta palliata ) has widespread distribution within Central America.
Geoffroy's tamarin is the smallest Central American monkey, with an average size of about 0.5 kilograms (1.1 lb).
[12] The Central American squirrel monkey and Panamanian night monkey are almost as small, with average sizes of less than 1.0 kilogram (2.2 lb).
[13]
[14] The Yucatán black howler has the largest males, which average over 11 kilograms (24 lb).
[15] The spider monkey species have the next largest males, which average over 8 kilograms (18 lb).
[15]
[16]
One Central American monkey, the black-headed spider monkey, is considered to be
Critically Endangered by the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
[8] Geoffroy's spider monkey and the Yucatán black howler are both considered to be
Endangered .
[4]
[17] The Central American squirrel monkey had been considered endangered, but its conservation status was upgraded to
Vulnerable in 2008.
[11] The Coiba Island howler is also considered to be vulnerable.
[7] The white-faced capuchins, the mantled howler and Geoffroy's tamarin are all considered to be of
Least Concern from a conservation standpoint.
[5]
[6]
[10]
Monkey watching is a popular tourist activity in parts of Central America.
[18]
[19] In Costa Rica, popular areas to view monkeys include
Corcovado National Park ,
Manuel Antonio National Park ,
Santa Rosa National Park
Guanacaste National Park and
Lomas de Barbudal Biological Reserve .
[19] Corcovado National Park is the only park in Costa Rica in which all the country's four monkey species can be seen.
[20] The more accessible Manuel Antonio National Park is the only other park in Costa Rica in which the Central American squirrel monkey is found, and the
Panamanian white-faced capuchin and mantled howler are also commonly seen there.
[19]
[21]
[22] Within Panama, areas to view monkeys include
Darién National Park ,
Soberanía National Park and a number of islands on
Gatun Lake including
Barro Colorado Island .
[19]
[23]
[24] In addition, Geoffroy's tamarin can be seen in
Metropolitan Natural Park within
Panama City .
[19]
[25] In Belize, the easily explored
Community Baboon Sanctuary was established specifically for the preservation of the Yucatán black howler and now contains more than 1000 monkeys.
[26]
[27]
Key
The
Panamanian white-faced capuchin is found in four Central American countries.
Latin Name
Latin binomial name, or scientific name, of the species
Common Name
Common name of the species, per Wilson, et al. Mammal Species of the World (2005)
Family
Family within
New World monkeys to which the species belongs
Average Size - Male
Average size of adult male members of the species, in kilograms and pounds
Average Size - Female
Average size of adult female members of the species, in kilograms and pounds
Conservation Status
Conservation status of the species, per
IUCN as of 2010
Range
Countries in which the species occurs; countries outside Central America shown in italics
Central American monkey species
The
Central American squirrel monkey is restricted to a limited range within
Costa Rica and
Panama .
Geoffroy's tamarin (Saguinus geoffroyi ) is the smallest Central American monkey.
See also
References
^
a
b Rylands, A.; Groves, C.; Mittermeier, R.; Cortes-Ortiz, L. & Hines, J. (2006). "Taxonomy and Distributions of Mesoamerican Primates". In Estrada, A.;
Garber, P. ; Pavelka, M. & Luecke, L. (eds.). New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates . Springer. pp. 29–80.
ISBN
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^
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b Collins, A. (2008). "The taxonomic status of spider monkeys in the twenty-first century". In Campbell, C. (ed.). Spider Monkeys . Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–67.
ISBN
978-0-521-86750-4 .
^
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f Mittermeier, Russell A. & Rylands, Anthony B. (2013). Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates . Lynx. pp. 412–413.
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978-8496553897 . {{
cite book }}
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"Ateles geoffroyi " .
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008 : e.T2279A9387270.
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^
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10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39960A190425583.en . Retrieved 11 November 2021 .
^
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"Cebus capucinus " .
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 : e.T81257277A191708164.
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^
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"Ateles fusciceps " .
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008 : e.T135446A4129010.
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^
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b Cuarón, A.D.; Palacios, E.; Morales, A.; Shedden, A.; Rodriguez-Luna, E. & de Grammont, P.C. (2008).
"Aotus zonalis " .
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008 : e.T39953A10297100.
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^
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"Saguinus geoffroyi " .
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008 : e.T41522A10488675.
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^
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"Saimiri oerstedii " .
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008 : e.T19836A9022609.
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^
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^
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^ Reid, R. & Attwooll, j. (2007).
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^ Sluder, L. (2009).
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^
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