Descendants of Lebanese immigrants
Lebanese diaspora
World map of the Lebanese diaspora
From 4
[1]
[2]
[3] to possibly 14 million
[4]
[5]
Brazilian Portuguese ,
Spanish ,
French ,
English ,
Arabic ,
Armenian
Christianity (mainly
Maronite ,
Greek Orthodox ,
Melkite ,
Roman Catholic ,
Protestant ),
Islam (mainly
Shia ,
Sunni ,
Sufi in addition to
Alawite ),
Druze , and
Judaism
Lebanese diaspora refers to
Lebanese
migrants and their descendants who emigrated from
Lebanon and now reside in other countries. There are more Lebanese living outside Lebanon than within the country (5.3 million citizens). The diaspora population consists of
Christians ,
Muslims ,
Druze , and
Jews . The Christians trace their origin to
several waves of emigration , starting with the exodus that followed the
1860 Lebanon conflict in
Ottoman empire.
Under the current
Lebanese nationality law , the Lebanese diaspora do not have an automatic
right to return to Lebanon. Varying degrees of
assimilation and a high degree of inter-ethnic marriages in the Lebanese diaspora communities, regardless of religious affiliation, have caused many of the Lebanese diaspora
not to have passed fluency in
Arabic to their children, although most still maintain a Lebanese
national identity . Several factors have caused Lebanese emigration, including civil wars, attacks on Lebanese sovereignty and land by Israel and Syria, and political and economic crises.
The largest diaspora by far resides in
Brazil , with between 5 and 7 million, followed by
Colombia and
Argentina , with about 1 to 3 million each.
Demographics
Although there are no reliable figures, the diaspora is estimated to be around 4
[6]
[7]
[8] to 14 million people,
[9]
[5]
[10] far more than the internal population of Lebanon of around 4.6 million citizens in 2020.
[5]
[11] According to other estimates, the number of Lebanese living outside the country is thought to at least double the number of citizens living inside,
[9] which means at least 8 million people. Of the diaspora, 1.2 million are
Lebanese citizens .
[12]
History
The Lebanese diaspora has always been a target to the Lebanese state to create institutional connection. In 1960 the World Lebanese Cultural Union was established under the authority of the President Fouad Chehab.
[13]
France has always been an important destination for the Lebanese diaspora, because Lebanon used to be a
French colony and because
French language is
massively spoken in Lebanon.
[14]
[15]
[16]
The Lebanese diaspora, while historically trade-related, has more recently been linked to the
Lebanese Civil War , with many Lebanese emigrating to
Western countries . Because of the economic opportunities, many Lebanese have also worked in the
Arab World , most notably
Arab states of the Persian Gulf such as
Saudi Arabia and
Kuwait .
The Americas have long been a destination for Lebanese migration, with Lebanese arriving in some countries at least as early as the nineteenth century. The largest concentration of Lebanese outside the Middle East is in
Brazil , which has, according to some sources, at least 6 million
Brazilians of Lebanese ancestry , making Brazil's population of Lebanese greater than the entire population of Lebanon.
[17] According to a research conducted by
IBGE in 2008, covering only the states of Amazonas, Paraíba, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso and Distrito Federal, 0.9% of white Brazilian respondents said they had family origins in the
Middle East .
[18]
There are also other large Lebanese communities elsewhere in Latin America, including
Argentina ,
Colombia ,
Dominican Republic ,
Paraguay and
Venezuela . Many Lebanese have also been settled for quite some time in the
United States ,
Australia ,
France ,
Canada , the
United Kingdom ,
South Africa and in the
European Union member states . In addition, sizable populations exist in the
United Arab Emirates and
Singapore , as well as
West Africa , particularly
Ivory Coast and
Ghana .
A law passed in 2008 permitted Lebanese abroad to vote in Lebanese elections, starting in 2013.
[19]
Business networks and economic impacts
Many Lebanese entrepreneurs and business people worldwide have proved very successful in all kinds of sectors and contexts. Lebanese abroad are considered "rich, educated and influential."
[20]
Remittances from Lebanese abroad to family members within the country were estimated at $8.9 billion in 2014 and accounted for 18% of the country's economy.
[21] However, there remains a great untapped potential for further collaboration and cooperation between the diaspora and the Lebanese in their home country. Foreign direct investment is below 7% of the GDP, and almost half the Lebanese population is in tertiary education.
Throughout its history, the Lebanese diaspora used the Lebanese identity to create strong networks to help its members out. Over the course of time, immigration has indeed yielded Lebanese "commercial networks" throughout the world.
[22] Lebanese migrants play an important role in assisting Lebanon and its people through financial support, touristic visits, starting businesses and trades.
[23]
Lebanese populations in the diaspora
Number of Lebanese people (including descendants) per country. Lebanon
+ 1,000,000
+ 100,000
+ 10,000
+ 1,000
Lebanese residents as a percentage of country's total population
The list below contains approximate figures for people of full or partial Lebanese descent by country of residence, largely taken from the iLoubnan diaspora map.
[24] Additional reliable cites have been provided where possible. Additional estimates have been included where they can be cited; where applicable, these are used in place of the iLoubnan figures. The figure below uses the data from the list and calculates the amount of Lebanese residents as a percentage of the total population of the respective country.
Country
Estimate
Upper Estimate
Region
Country article in English Wikipedia
List of personalities of Lebanese origin
Brazil
2,000,000 according to a research conducted by
IBGE in 2008, covering only the states of Amazonas, Paraíba, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso and Distrito Federal, 0.9% of white Brazilian respondents said they had family origins in the
Middle East
[18]
5,800,000
[24] -7,000,000
[25] (Brazilian/Lebanese governments)
[26]
Latin America
Lebanese Brazilian
Brazil
Colombia
1,000,000
[24]
3,200,000
[27]
[28]
[29]
Latin America
Lebanese Colombian
Colombia
Argentina
1,200,000
[24]
[30]
1,500,000
[30]
Latin America
Lebanese Argentine
Argentina
Venezuela
340,000
[24]
500,000
[31]
Latin America
Lebanese Venezuelan
Venezuela
United States
500,000
[32]
900,000
[33]
North America
Lebanese American
United States
France
300,000
[14]
[34]
[15]
375,000
[35]
European Union
Lebanese French
France
Australia
271,000
[36]
[37]
350,000
[38]
Oceania
Lebanese Australian
Australia
Canada
190,275
[39]
250,000
[40] – 270,000
[24]
North America
Lebanese Canadian
Canada
Germany
147,000
[41]
ca. 200,000
European Union
Lebanese German
Germany
Saudi Arabia
120,000
[24]
299,000[
citation needed ]
Arab World
Lebanese people in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Syria
114,000[
citation needed ]
Middle-East
Lebanese people in Syria
Syria
Ecuador
100,000
[24]
250,000
Latin America
Lebanese Ecuadorian
Ecuador
Ivory Coast
100,000
[42]
300,000
[43]
[44]
Sub-Saharan Africa
Lebanese people in Ivory Coast
Mexico
100,000
[24]
120,000
[45] – 150,000[
citation needed ]
North America
Lebanese Mexican
Mexico
Dominican Republic
80,000
[46]
Latin America
Lebanese Dominican
United Arab Emirates
80,000
[11]
156,000[
citation needed ]
Arab World
Lebanese people in the United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates
Uruguay
53,000
[24]
70,000
[47]
Latin America
Lebanese Uruguayan
Uruguay
Senegal
50,000
[48]
[49]
[50]
150,000
[51]
Sub-Saharan Africa
Lebanese Senegalese
Kuwait
41,775
[52]
106,000
[53]
Arab World
Lebanese people in Kuwait
Nigeria
30,000
[54]
30,000
Sub-Saharan Africa
Lebanese Nigerian
Sweden
26,906
[55]
European Union
Lebanese people in Sweden
Sweden
Denmark
26,705
[56]
European Union
Lebanese people in Denmark
Denmark
Qatar
25,000
[57]
191,000[
citation needed ]
Arab World
Lebanese people in Qatar
Spain
11,820
[24]
European Union
Lebanese People in Spain
Spain
New Zealand
8,500
[24]
Oceania
Lebanese New Zealander
South Africa
5,100[
citation needed ]
20,000
[58]
Sub-Saharan Africa
Lebanese people in South Africa
South Africa
Israel
3,500 (2021)
[note 1]
[59]
Middle East
Lebanese in Israel
Sierra Leone
3,000
[60]
17,000
[60]
Sub-Saharan Africa
Lebanese people in Sierra Leone
Belgium
2,400
5,000
European Union
Lebanese people in Belgium
Belgium
Caribbean
[note 2]
545,200
[24]
Latin America
Lebanese Jamaican
Caribbean ·
Cuba ·
Haiti ·
Jamaica
Rest of
Latin America , ex. Caribbean
[note 3]
181,800
[24]
Latin America
Lebanese Chileans
Chile ·
Guatemala ·
Dutch Antilles
Rest of
GCC
[note 4]
105,000
[24]
Arab World
Rest of
European Union
[note 5]
96,780
[24]
European Union
Lebanese British ·
Lebanese Bulgarian ** ·
Lebanese Greek
Bulgaria ·
Cyprus ·
Germany ·
Italy ·
Monaco ·
Netherlands ·
Switzerland ·
UK
Scandinavia
108,220
[24]
European Union
Lebanese Swedish
Sweden ·
Denmark
Rest of
Sub-Saharan Africa
[note 6]
42,510
[24]
Sub-Saharan Africa
Lebanese Sierra Leonean
Ghana ·
Sierra Leone
North Africa
[note 7]
14,000
[24]
North Africa
Lebanese Egyptian
Egypt
Asia
[note 8]
2,600
[24]
Asia
Note: An important percentage of
Middle-Easterners in
Argentina ,
Brazil ,
Colombia ,
Mexico ,
Venezuela ,
Bulgaria ,
Romania ,
Italy ,
Portugal and
Spain are of Lebanese ancestry. They are denoted ** for this purpose.
Outreach to the Lebanese diaspora by the Lebanese government
The Lebanese government increasingly sees the diaspora as a critical resource for investment and new immigrants. A 2016 television ad tried to entice Lebanese in the United States to move to Lebanon to help improve the standard of living.
[61]
The Lebanese government launched the DiasporaID program in August 2017 to better connect Lebanese abroad to Lebanon itself. Funding for the project was provided by USAID with an objective of improving foreign investment in Lebanon.
[62]
[63]
On August 8, 2017, Lebanese President
Michel Aoun advocated children of Lebanese in the diaspora take on Lebanese citizenship during a speech to the Maronite Diaspora Institution at
Baabda Palace .
[64]
Notable persons of Lebanese descent
Notable persons of Lebanese Christian descent
Famous scientists of Lebanese descent include:
Peter Medawar (Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine),
[66]
[67]
Elias Corey (Nobel Prize in Chemistry),
[68]
Michael Atiyah (Fields Medalist, Mathematics),
[69]
Michael DeBakey (medical innovator),
[70]
Mona Nemer (Canada's
Chief Science Advisor ) and geneticists
Huda Zoghbi ,
Anthony Atala and
Joanne Chory . Famous writers include
William Peter Blatty , film director
Alex Garland ,
Nassim Nicholas Taleb and screenwriters and film producers
Geoff Johns ,
Tony Thomas ,
Ronald Schwary ,
Tomas Langmann ,
Mario Kassar and
Michael Tadross .
Prominent members of the Lebanese diaspora include Presidents and Vice-Presidents, e.g.
Michel Temer (Brazil),
[71]
Julio Teodoro Salem ,
Abdalá Bucaram ,
Alberto Dahik ,
Jamil Mahuad (all in Ecuador),
Jacobo Majluta Azar ,
Luis Abinader (Dominican Republic),
Julio Cesar Turbay (Colombia),
Alberto Abdala (Uruguay) and
Mario Abdo (current president of
Paraguay ). Other famous politicians include
Ralph Nader , 2000, 2004 and 2008 US presidential candidate,
Alex Azar current United States Secretary of Health,
Spencer Abraham former
United States Secretary of Energy ,
Mark Esper former United States Secretary of Defense,
John Sununu former White House Chief of Staff,
Darrell Issa US politician,
George J. Mitchell US Politician and Peace Envoy,
Charlie Crist Governor of Florida,
Philip Habib US Politician and Peace Envoy, politician and author
Jeanine Pirro , US Representative
Donna Shalala , and
Edward Seaga Prime Minister of Jamaica.
Notable military and astronauts include US army general
John Abizaid ,
Navy Seal and
Medal of Honor recipient
Michael Monsoor as well as astronaut and
Congressional Space Medal of Honor recipient
Christa McAuliffe . Computer scientists include
Richard Rashid ,
Tony Fadell
[72] and
Jean Paoli .
Famous businessmen of Lebanese descent include
Carlos Slim Helú ,
[73]
Carlos Ghosn ,
Nicolas Hayek ,
John J. Mack ,
Jacques Nasser ,
Debra Cafaro ,
Joseph J Jacobs ,
Lucie Salhany ,
Kevin O' Leary ,
Marcus Lemonis and famous names in entertainment like
Danny Thomas ,
Marlo Thomas ,
Salma Hayek ,
Shakira ,
Jenna Dewan ,
Terrence Malick ,
Tom Shadyac ,
Tony Shalhoub ,
Tiffany ,
Jim Backus ,
Jane Wiedlin ,
Kristy McNichol ,
Zoe Saldana ,
James Stacy ,
Catherine Keener ,
Vince Vaughn ,
Amy Yasbeck ,
Khrystyne Haje ,
Skandar Keynes ,
Jace Norman ,
Morena Baccarin ,
Barbara Mori ,
Omar Sharif ,
Ricardo Darin ,
Xavier Dolan ,
Damian Bichir ,
Paul Anka ,
Emilio Stefan ,
Drake 's long time producers and
Grammy winners
Noah "40" Shebib and Oliver El-Khatib,
Alfredo Bojalil , Oscar-winning composer
Gabriel Yared , guitarists
Dick Dale ,
Tommy Bolin and
G. E. Smith ,
Armand Van Helden ,
Tyler Joseph ,
Jack Barakat ,
Bazzi ,
Thomas Rhett ,
Patrick Gemayel ,
Mika , models
Yamila Diaz-Rahi ,
Daniella Sarahyba and
Zaira Nara ; and sportsmen like
Doug Flutie ,
Rony Seikaly ,
Marcos Bagdhatis ,
Patrick Maroon ,
Johnny Manziel , surfers
Kelly Slater and
Maya Gabeira , winner of the Indy 500
Bobby Rahal ,
FIFA World Cup record holder
Mario Zagallo , chess Grandmaster
Jennifer Shahade and Olympic medalists
Jordyn Wieber ,
Florencia Habif ,
Matt Abood and
Thaisa Daher .
See also
Notes
^ The Lebanese community in Israel mostly consists of members of
Antoine Lahad 's
Militia who continued to live in and receive salaries from the state of Israel since their group was disbanded in 2000.
^ Includes Cuba, Guadalupe & Haiti
^ Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru
^ Excludes Saudi Arabia & Kuwait, includes Iraq & Jordan
^ Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Monaco, Switzerland, United Kingdom
^ Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria & Sierra Leone
^ Egypt, Libya & rest of North Africa
^ Iran, Indonesia, and Philippines
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Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies at North Carolina State University
KUSUMO, Fitra Ismu, "ISLAM EN AMERICA LATINA Tomo I: La expansión del Islam y su llegada a América Latina (Spanish Edition)"
[1]
KUSUMO, Fitra Ismu, "ISLAM EN AMÉRICA LATINA Tomo II: Migración Árabe a América Latina y el caso de México (Spanish Edition)"
[2]
KUSUMO, Fitra Ismu, "ISLAM EN AMÉRICA LATINA Tomo III: El Islam hoy desde América Latina (Spanish Edition)"
[3]
Countries
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Personalities
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