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Extinct variety of the Piedmontese language in Italy
Judaeo-Piedmontese was the vernacular language of the
Italian Jews living in
Piedmont ,
Italy , from about the 15th century until
World War II .
It was based on the
Piedmontese language , with many loanwords from ancient
Hebrew ,
Provençal , and
Spanish . Most of the speakers were murdered during the war, and as of 2015 it is virtually extinct.
[ 2]
The dialect never had written phonetic rules; the words in this list are written according to
Agostino della Sala Spada [
it ] 's short satirical poem
La gran battaja d’j’abrei d’Moncalv (The great battle of the Jews of Moncalvo , La gran battaglia degli ebrei di Moncalvo in Italian) and
Primo Levi 's book
The Periodic Table .
Pronunciation:
(kh) as in German "Nach t".
(ñ) nasal, as in English "sing "; not to be confused with the Spanish ñ .
(ô) as in English "loo m".
(u) like the French u or the German ü .
(sc) like the English sh .
(j) as in German "J ung" or in English "y oung".
(a)brakhà - blessing
Adonai Eloénô - God, Lord
bahalòm - in a dream (used for jokes)
barakhùt - blessed
barôcabà - Welcome! (literally: Blessed be he who comes!)
batacaìn - cemetery
beemà - beast
berìt - pact, penis (vulgar)
Cadòss Barôkhù - God
cassèr - community, ghetto
ganàv - thief
ganavé - to steal
ghescér - bridge
gôì - non-Jewish man
gôià - non-Jewish woman
gojìm - non-Jewish people
hafassìm - jewels (lit. "stuff")
hamòr - donkey
hamortà - stupid woman (lit. female of donkey)
hasìr - pig
hasirùd - rubbish
havertà - rough and dissolute woman
khakhàm - rabbi (lit. "learned one")
khalaviòd - breasts (from Hebrew "halav", milk)
khaltrùm - Catholic bigotry
khamisà - five
khamissidò - slap
khanéc - neck (pregnant with meaning, used to swear)
khaniké - to hang (kill)
khèder - room
kinìm - lice
lakhtì - (exclamation) go away!
Lassòn Acòdesh - Sacred Language
macòd - blows
maftèkh - key
mahané - neck (generic and neutral)
mamsér - bastard
mañòd - money
medà meshônà - accident (lit. "strange death")
menaghèm / meraghèl - spy
Milca - Queen
morénô - rabbi (lit. "our master")
nainé - to look at
ñarél - non-circumcised
nero - evil, bad
pakhàt - fear
pegartà - dead woman
pôñaltà - dirty, shabbily-clothed woman
pôñèl - dirty, shabbily-clothed man
rabbenù - rabbi
rashàn - non-pious
rôkhòd - winds
ruàkh - wind
samdé - to baptize (lit. "destroy")
sarfatìm - guards
saròd - disgraced
scòla - synagogue, temple
sefòkh - toddler vomit
sôrada - appearance, look
sôtià - crazy woman
tafùs - prison, jail (it is a Hebrew loanword in Piedmontese jargon. Ca tafus meaning "jail", from ca house, although the piedmontese word is përzon )
takhôrìm - haemorroids
tanhanè - to argue
Historical linguistic minorities :
Albanian ,
Catalan ,
Croatian ,
French ,
Franco-Provençal ,
Friulian ,
Germanic ,
Greek ,
Ladin ,
Occitan ,
Romani ,
Sardinian ,
Slovene ,
Wenzhounese
^ Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.