Municipality type C in Ramallah and al-Bireh, State of Palestine
Jammala (
Arabic : جمّالا ) is a
Palestinian town in the
Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate , located 18 kilometers Northwest of
Ramallah in the northern
West Bank . According to the
Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 1,664 inhabitants in 2017.
[2]
Jammala, together with
Beitillu and
Deir 'Ammar , form the new town of
Al-Ittihad .
[1]
Location of Al-Ittihad
Al-Itihad is located 12.5 kilometers (7.8 mi) northwest of
Ramallah . Al-Itihad is bordered by
Kobar and
Al-Zaytouneh lands to the east,
Deir Abu Mash'al ,
Deir Nidham and
'Abud lands to the north,
Shabtin and
Deir Qaddis to the west, and
Ras Karkar ,
Kharbatha Bani Harith , Al-Zaytouneh and
Al Janiya villages to the south.
[1]
History
Potsherds from the
Hellenistic ,
[4]
Roman
[4] and
Byzantine
[4]
[5] eras have been found at Jammala. Jammala might be the same as Caphar Gamala , a place mentioned in the Luciani Epistola . The "Tomb of
Gamiliel " was supposedly discovered here in 415 CE.
[6]
It has been suggested that this was Gemmail , mentioned in
Frankish sources,
[7] but archeological evidence does not support this.
[4]
Ottoman era
Jammala was incorporated into the
Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of
Palestine , and in 1596 it appeared in the
tax registers as being in the
nahiya of Al-Quds in the
liwa of
Al-Quds . It had a population of 22 household; who were all
Muslims . They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olive trees, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 11,000
akçe .
[8] Potsherd from the early Ottoman era have also been found here.
[4]
In 1838 Jemmala was noted as Muslim village in the Beni Harith district, north of Jerusalem.
[9]
In May, 1870,
Victor Guérin found the village, which he called Djemmala , to have 350 inhabitants. He further noted that some houses were constructed of stones, which by their size and regularity "spoke of ancient times".
[10] An Ottoman village list from about the same year, 1870, found that the village, called Dschemali , had a population of 246, in a total of 36 houses, though the population count included men, only.
[11]
[12]
In 1882, the
PEF 's
Survey of Western Palestine described Jemmala as: "a very small village, with a little
mosque on high ground."
[13]
In 1896 the population of Dschemali was estimated to be about 312 persons.
[14]
British Mandate era
In the
1922 census of Palestine conducted by the
British Mandate authorities, Jammala had a population of 119 Muslims,
[15] increasing in the
1931 census to 164 Muslims, in 53 houses.
[16]
In the
1945 statistics the population of Jammala was 200 Muslims,
[17] while the total land area was 7,170
dunams , according to an official land and population survey.
[18] Of this, 1,946 were plantations and irrigable land, 1,032 for cereals,
[19] while 19 dunams were classified as built-up areas.
[20]
Jammala 1944 1:20,000
Jammala 1945 1:250,000
Jordanian era
In the wake of the
1948 Arab–Israeli War , and after the
1949 Armistice Agreements , Jammala came under
Jordanian rule .
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 322 inhabitants in Jammala.
[21]
1967-present
Since the
Six-Day War in 1967, Jammala has been under
Israeli occupation . The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 268, of whom 15 originated from the Israeli territory.
[22]
After the
1995 accords , 41.2% of
Al-Ittihad land is defined as
Area B land, while the remaining 58.8% is defined as
Area C . Israel has confiscated 858 dunams of land from Al-Ittihad for the construction of 4
Israeli settlements :
Nahl'iel ,
Na'aleh ,
Talmon and
Hallamish .
[23]
References
^
a
b
c
Al-Itihad Town Profile (Beitillu, Jammala & Deir 'Ammar) , ARIJ, pp. 4-5
^
a
b
Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF) .
Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report).
State of Palestine . February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24 .
^ Palmer, 1881, p.
229
^
a
b
c
d
e Finkelstein et al 1997, p. 214
^ Dauphin, 1998, pp. 829–830
^ Avi-Yonah, Michael (1976).
"Gazetteer of Roman Palestine" . Qedem . 5 : 46.
ISSN
0333-5844 .
^ Röhricht, 1887, p.
213
^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 114
^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd Appendix, p.
124
^ Guérin, 1875, p.
82
^ Socin, 1879, p.
153 . It was also noted to be in the Beni Harit district
^ Hartmann, 1883, p.
126 , also noted 36 houses
^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p.
294
^ Schick, 1896, pp.
122 ,
124
^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p.
16
^ Mills, 1932, p.
49
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p.
26
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.
64
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.
112
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.
162
^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p.
24 It was further noted (note 2) that it was governed by a
mukhtar .
^ Perlmann, Joel (November 2011 – February 2012).
"The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version" (PDF) .
Levy Economics Institute . Retrieved 24 January 2018 .
^
Al-Itihad Town Profile (Beitillu, Jammala & Deir 'Ammar) , ARIJ, pp. 16-17
Bibliography
Barron, J.B., ed. (1923).
Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 . Government of Palestine.
Conder, C.R. ;
Kitchener, H.H. (1882).
The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology . Vol. 2. London:
Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund .
Dauphin, C. (1998).
La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations . BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress.
ISBN
0-860549-05-4 .
Finkelstein, I. ; Lederman, Zvi, eds. (1997).
Highlands of many cultures .
Tel Aviv : Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section.
ISBN
965-440-007-3 .
Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964).
First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population (PDF) .
Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945).
Village Statistics, April, 1945 .
Guérin, V. (1875).
Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
Hadawi, S. (1970).
Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine . Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
Hartmann, M. (1883).
"Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 6 : 102–149.
Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977).
Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century . Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft.
ISBN
3-920405-41-2 .
Mills, E., ed. (1932).
Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas . Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
Palmer, E.H. (1881).
The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer .
Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund .
Robinson, E. ;
Smith, E. (1841).
Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838 . Vol. 3. Boston:
Crocker & Brewster .
Röhricht, R. (1887).
"Studien zur mittelalterlichen Geographie und Topographie Syriens" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 10 : 195–344.
Schick, C. (1896).
"Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 19 : 120–127.
Socin, A. (1879).
"Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 2 : 135–163.
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