This article lists historical urban community sizes based on the estimated populations of selected human settlements from 7000 BC – AD 1875, organized by archaeological periods.
Many of the figures are uncertain, especially in ancient times. Estimating population sizes before censuses were conducted is a difficult task. [1]
Town | Location | 7000 BC | 6000 BC | 5000 BC | 4000 BC | 3800 BC | 3700 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
'Ain Ghazal | Jordan | 2,501 [2] | |||||
Beidha | Jordan | 1,000 [3] | |||||
Çatalhöyük | Turkey | 1,000 [3] [2]–10,000 [4] | |||||
Choirokoitia [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] | Cyprus | 300–600 | 2,000 | ||||
Lepenski Vir | Serbia | 150–1,000 [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] | |||||
Nea Nikomedeia | Greece | 500–700 [18] | |||||
Okoliste | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,000–3,000 [19] | |||||
Vinča-Belo Brdo | Serbia | 2,000–2,500 [20] [21] | |||||
Sesklo | Greece | 1,000–5,000 [22] [23] [24] [25] | |||||
Dobrovody | Ukraine | 16,000 [26] | 10,000–16,000 [27] [28] [29] | ||||
Fedorovka | Ukraine | 6,000 [26] | |||||
Mehrgarh | Pakistan | 1,000–10,000 [30] | |||||
Maydanets | Ukraine | 10,000 [26] | 10,000–46,000 [a] [31] | ||||
Nebelivka | Ukraine | 17,000 [26] | |||||
Talianki | Ukraine | 15,000–25,000–30,000 [26] [32] [33] | 10,000–15,000 [34] [35][ unreliable source?] | ||||
Tell Brak | Syria | 4,000 [3] | 5,000 [3] | ||||
Uruk | Iraq | 5,000 [3] |
City | Location | 3700 BC | 3400 BC | 3100 BC | 2800 BC | 2600 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adab | Iraq | 11,000 [36] | ||||
Anshan | Iran | 10,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | |||
Bad-tibira | Iraq | 16,000 [36] | ||||
Eridu | Iraq | 6,000–10,000 [36] | ||||
Habuba Kabira | Syria | 6,000–8,000 [36] | ||||
Harappa | Pakistan | 35,000 [37] | ||||
Kish | Iraq | 40,000 [36] | ||||
Lagash | Iraq | 40,000 [38] | ||||
Larak/Larsa | Iraq | 10,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | |||
Manika, Greece [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] | Greece | 6,000–15,000 | 6,000–15,000 | |||
Memphis | Egypt | 30,000 | ||||
Mohenjo-daro | Pakistan | 41,250 [37] | ||||
Nekhen | Egypt | 5,000–10,000 [36] | ||||
Nippur | Iraq | 13,000 [36] | ||||
Shahr-i Sokhta | Iran | 20,000 [2] | ||||
Shuruppak | Iraq | 20,000 [36] | ||||
Suheri | 13,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | ||||
Susa | Iran | 8,000 [3] | ||||
Tell Brak | Syria | 8,000 [3] | 22,000 [36] | 20,000 [36] | ||
Thebes, Greece | Greece | 4,000–6,000 [45] | ||||
Umma | Iraq | 26,000 [36] | ||||
Ur | Iraq | 6,000 [36] | ||||
Uruk | Iraq | 8,000
[3] 14,000 [36] |
20,000 [36] | 40,000 [38]–50,000 [36] | 80,000 [36] | 80,000 [38] |
City | Location | 2500 BC | 2300 BC | 2000 BC | 1800 BC | 1600 BC | 1360 BC | 1200 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Athens [46] [47] | Greece | 10,000 | 10,000–15,000 | |||||
Akrotiri (prehistoric city) [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] | Greece | 8,000–30,000 | ||||||
Adab | Iraq | 13,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | |||
Akkad | Iraq | 36,000 [36] | ||||||
Amarna | Egypt | |||||||
Anshan | Iran | 10,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | |||
Avaris/ Pi-Ramses | Egypt | 100,000 [38] | 160,000 [38] | |||||
Babylon | Iraq | 65,000 [3] | 80,000 [3] | |||||
Dur-Kurigalzu | Iraq | |||||||
Ebla | Syria | 30,000 [36] | ||||||
Erlitou | China | 24,000 [3]–35,000 [36] | ||||||
Harappa | Pakistan | 10,000 [36] | ||||||
Hattusa | Turkey | 40,000 [56] | 40,000 [56] | |||||
Hazor | Israel | |||||||
Heliopolis | Egypt | |||||||
Heracleopolis | Egypt | |||||||
Isin | Iraq | 40,000 [36] | 20,000 [36] | |||||
Kerma | Sudan | |||||||
Kesh | Iraq | 11,000 [36] | ||||||
Kish | Iraq | 25,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | 40,000 [38] | ||||
Knossos [48] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] | Greece | 1,300–2,000 | 18,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | |||
Lagash | Iraq | 40,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | 30,000 [36] [38] | 10,000 [36] | |||
Larak/Larsa | Iraq | 10,000 [36] | 40,000 [36] | 20,000 [36] | ||||
Manika, Greece [45] | Greece | 6,000–15,000 | 6,000–15,000 | |||||
Malia | Greece | 5,000–10,000–12,500 [48] [65] | ||||||
Mari | Syria | |||||||
Memphis | Egypt | 30,000 [36]–35,000 [3] | 60,000 [3] [36] [38] | 30,000 [36] | 22,000 [67] | 32,000 [67] | 50,000 [67] | |
Mohenjo-daro | Pakistan | 20,000 [36] | 20,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | ||||
Mozah | 15,000 [36] | 15,000 [36] | ||||||
Mycenae | Greece | 20,000 [68] | 30,000–35,000 [62] [69] | 30,000 [56] | ||||
Namazga-Tepe | Turkmenistan | 14,000 [36] | 14,000 [36] | |||||
Nekhen | Egypt | 21,000 [56] | ||||||
Niniveh | Iraq | 23,000 [56] | 33,000 [56] | |||||
Nippur | Iraq | 20,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | ||||
Palaikastro | Greece | 18,000 [48] [65] | ||||||
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán | Mexico | 7,500 [70] | ||||||
Shahr-i Sokhta | Iran | 20,000 [36] | 20,000 [36] | |||||
Shuruppak | Iraq | 17,000 [36] | ||||||
Suheri | 10,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | |||||
Susa | Iran | 25,000 [36] | 25,000 [36] | |||||
Taosi | China | 10,000 [3] | 14,000 [3] | |||||
Tell Brak | Syria | 15,000 [36] | 15,000 [36] | |||||
Tell Churra | 20,000 [36] | |||||||
Tell Leilan | Syria | 20,000 [36] | 20,000 [36] | |||||
Thebes | Egypt | 40,000 [36] | 40,000 [36] | 80,000 [3] | 80,000 [3] | |||
Thebes, Greece [45] [71] [72] | Greece | 4,000–6,000 | 8,000 | |||||
Tiryns [45] [73] [46] [47] | Greece | 1,200–1,800 | 10,000 | 10,000–15,000 | ||||
Umma | Iraq | 34,000 [36] | 20,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | 20,000 [36] | |||
Ur | Iraq | 60,000
[3] 65,000 [56] |
||||||
Uruk | Iraq | 50,000 [3] [36] | 75,000 [3] | |||||
Yin ( Anyang) | China | 50,000 [3]–120,000 [38] | ||||||
Zabala | Iraq | 10,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | 10,000 [36] | ||||
Zhengzhou | China | 35,000 [3] |
City | Location | 1000 BC | 900 BC | 800 BC | 700 BC | 650 BC | 600 BC | 500 BC | 430 BC | 400 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aegina | Greece | 20,000–40,000 [74] | 20,000–40,000 | |||||||
Anuradhapura | Sri Lanka | 48,000 [56] [67] | ||||||||
Anyi | 100,000 [38] | 100,000 [38] | ||||||||
Athens [64] [75] [76] [77] [78] | Greece | 2,500–5,000 [75] | 2,500–5,000 [75] | 2,500–5,000 [75] | 10,000 [75] | 20,000 [75] | 40,000 [75] | 25,000 [75] | ||
Agrigento | Italy | 40,000 | 40,000 | |||||||
Argos | Greece | 30,000–60,000 [64] [76] [79] [80] [81] [82] | 30,000–60,000 | |||||||
Ayodhya | India | |||||||||
Babylon | Iraq | 45,000 [67]–100,000 [b] | 47,000 [67] | 60,000 [67] | 125,000 [3] | 150,000 [3] | 200,000 [56] | 150,000 [3] | ||
Benares | India | |||||||||
Capua | Italy | 100,000 [83] [84] | 100,000 | |||||||
Cerveteri | Italy | 25,000–40,000 [85] [86] [87] [88] [89] | ||||||||
Chicheng | China | |||||||||
Cuicuilco | Mexico | |||||||||
Corinth | Greece | 5,000 [75] | 20,000 [75] | |||||||
Crotone | Italy | 50,000–80,000 [90] | ||||||||
Ecbatana | Iran | |||||||||
Haojing | China | 100,000 [b] | 125,000 [38] | 125,000 [38] | 33,000 [56] [67] | |||||
Hastinapur | India | |||||||||
Jerusalem | Israel/Palestine | 40,000 [56] [67] | 49,942 (445 BC) [56] | |||||||
Kamarina | Italy | 20,000 | ||||||||
Kerch | Crimea Ukraine | 40,000 [56] [67] | ||||||||
Kingchow | China | |||||||||
Kalḫu (Nimrud) | Iraq | 75,000 [3] | ||||||||
Kosambi | India | 55,000 [67] | ||||||||
Linzi | China | 55,000–100,000 [3] [38] | 80,000–100,000 [67] [38] | 65,000–100,000 [3] [38] | 80,000–100,000 [3] [38] | 60,000–200,000 [67] [38] | 100,000–200,000 [3] [38] | |||
Luoyang | China | 35,000 [3] [67]–100,000 [c] [d] | 40,000 [3] | 45,000 [3]–50,000 [67] | 55,000 [3]–100,000 [38] | 70,000 [67]–100,000 [38] | 65,000 [3]–100,000 [38] | 200,000 [38] | 200,000 [38] | 100,000 [3]–240,000 [38] |
Marib | Yemen | 45,000 [67] | ||||||||
Memphis | Egypt | 35,000–100,000 [b] [67] | 44,000 [67] | 65,000 [67] | 100,000 [67] | |||||
Metapontum | Italy | 40,000 | ||||||||
Miletus | Turkey | |||||||||
Niniveh | Iraq | 39,000 [56] | 100,000 [3] | 120,000 [56] | ||||||
Pataliputra / Patna | India | 400,000 [3] | ||||||||
Populonia | Italy | 25,000–40,000 [87] [88] [91] [92] | ||||||||
Pyongyang | North Korea | |||||||||
Tarquinia | Italy | 20,000–40,000 [87] [88] [91] [92] | ||||||||
Thebes, Greece | Greece | 30,000–60,000 [45] [71] [93] [94] [95] | 30,000–60,000 | |||||||
Qufu | China | 100,000 [38] | 100,000 [38] | |||||||
Rome | Italy | 4,440 [96] | 24,400–40,000 [96] [97] | 27,200 | 28,960 [97] | |||||
Sais | Egypt | |||||||||
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán | Mexico | 13,000 [98] | 13,000 [98] | |||||||
Shangqiu | China | 100,000 [38] | 130,000 [38] | |||||||
Sravasti | India | 46,000 [56] | ||||||||
Sparta | Greece | 40,000–50,000 [99] | ||||||||
Susa | Iran | 40,000 [56] [67] | 200,000 [56] [67] | |||||||
Suzhou | China | 100,000 [38] | ||||||||
Syracuse | Italy | 24,000–40,000 [100] [101] [102] | 24,000–40,000 [76] | 24,000–125,000 [67] [76] | ||||||
Sybaris | Italy | 100,000 [103] | ||||||||
Taranto | Italy | 110,000–150,000 [104] | ||||||||
Thebes | Egypt | 50,000 [3]–120,000 [b] | 50,000 [3] | |||||||
Vaisali | India | |||||||||
Veii | Italy | 25,000–100,000 [87] [88] [91] [92] | ||||||||
Volsinii | Italy | 13,000–40,000 [87] [88] [91] [92] | ||||||||
Vulci | Italy | 15,000–40,000 [87] [88] [92] | ||||||||
Xiadu | China | 100,000 [38] | 100,000 [38] | 320,000 [38] | 300,000 [38] | |||||
Xintian | China | 100,000 [38] | ||||||||
Xinzheng | China | 100,000 [38] | ||||||||
Xue | ||||||||||
Yong | China | 100,000 [38] |
City | Location | 300 BC | 200 BC | 100 BC | AD 1 | AD 100 | AD 200 | AD 300 | AD 361 | AD 400 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alexandria | Egypt | 150,000 [3] | 300,000 [3] [56]–600,000 [38] | 400,000 [3] | 250,000 [67]–500,000 [105] | 500,000 [105] | 125,000 [67]–200,000 [56] | |||
Augsburg | Germany | 25,000–50,000 | 25,000–50,000 [106] | |||||||
Antioch | Turkey | 120,000 [56] | 400,000 [75] | 150,000 [67]–250,000 [107] | 250,000 [107] | 150,000 [67] | ||||
Anuradhapura | Sri Lanka | 68,000 [56] [67] | 130,000 [56] | 72,000 [67] | ||||||
Anyi | 100,000 [38] | |||||||||
Athens | Greece | 25,000 [75] | 10,000 [75] | 10,000 [75] | 90,000 [108] | 90,000 [108] | ||||
Autun | France | 40,000–100,000 [109] [110] | 40,000–100,000 | |||||||
Arles | France | 10,000 [111] | 10,000 [111] | 75,000 [112] | ||||||
Ayodhya | India | 63,000 [67] | ||||||||
Aquileia | Italy | 12,000 [113] | 12,000 [113] | |||||||
Carnuntum | Austria | 12,000 [107]–50,000 [114] [115] | 12,000 [107]–50,000 [114] [115] | |||||||
Capua | Italy | 100,000 | 100,000 [83] [84] | 25,000–40,000 | ||||||
Carthage | Tunisia | 150,000–200,000 [56] | 100,000 [56]–300,000 [116] | 300,000 [116] | ||||||
Chang'an/ Xi'an | China | 100,000–400,000 [38] [3] [56] | 375,000–400,000 [3] [38] | 246,000–500,000 [117] [38] [3] | 81,000–100,000 [56] [67] [38] | 120,000 [3] | 140,000 [3] | 80,000 [67] | 100,000 [38] | |
Chengdu | China | 100,000 [38] | 70,000 [67] | |||||||
Cổ Loa | Vietnam | 40,000 [38] | 50,000 [38] | |||||||
Byzantium / Constantinople |
Turkey | 15,000 | 20,000 | 150,000 | 200,000 | |||||
Corinth | Greece | 40,000–100,000 [75] [107] [118] | ||||||||
Cologne | Germany | 20,000–40,000 [119] [120] | 20,000–40,000 [119] [121] [122] | |||||||
Ctesiphon | Iraq | 250,000 [67] | ||||||||
Cuicuilco | Mexico | 36,000 [67] | ||||||||
Datong | China | 100,000 [38] | ||||||||
El Mirador | Guatemala | 200,000 [123] | ||||||||
Ephesus | Turkey | 33,600 [107] | ||||||||
Izapa | Mexico | 35,000 [67] | ||||||||
Kaushambi | India | 90,000-180,000 [124] | ||||||||
Kaveri | 59,000 [67] | |||||||||
Linzi | China | 125,000–350,000 [3] [38] | 100,000 [38] | 100,000 [38] | 100,000 [38] | 100,000 [38] | ||||
London | UK | 30,000 | 45,000–60,000 [125] | |||||||
Lugdunum | France | 25,000–50,000 [111] [126] | 25,000–50,000 [111] [126] | |||||||
Luoyang | China | 125,000 [3]–240,000 [38] | 60,000 [67] | 200,000 [38] | 420,000 [38] [67] | 140,000 [3]–250,000 [38] | 200,000 [38] | |||
Mathura | India | |||||||||
Milan | Italy | 30,000–40,000 [56] | 100,000 | 25,000–100,000 [127] [128] [129] | ||||||
Monte Albán | Mexico | 5,200 [130] | 17,200 [130] | 17,200 [130] | 17,200 [130] | 17,200 [130] | ||||
Nanjing | China | 56,000 [67] | 78,000 [67] | 100,000 [38] | 150,000 [67] | 300,000 [38] | ||||
Nimes | France | 40,000–60,000 [131] [132] [133] | ||||||||
Ostia Antica | Italy | 25,000 [106]–40,000 [113] | 25,000–50,000 [106] [113] [134] | |||||||
Paithan | India | 60,000 [67] | 84,000 [67] | |||||||
Patala | Pakistan | 73,000 [67] | ||||||||
Pataliputra | India | 350,000 [56]–400,000 - 1,000,000 [124] | 69,000 [56] [67] | 250,000 [56] | ||||||
Peshawar | Pakistan | 120,000 [56] | ||||||||
Philippi | Greece | 100,000 [135] | ||||||||
Pingcheng | China | 88,000 [67] | 200,000 [3] | |||||||
Pozzuoli | Italy | 30,000–50,000 | 30,000 [116]–50,000 [106] | |||||||
Pyay | Myanmar | 69,000 [67] | ||||||||
Qufu | China | 100,000 [38]–125,000 [3] | ||||||||
Rajgir | India | 100,000 [124] | ||||||||
Rhodes [136] [137] [138] | Greece | 100,000–200,000 | 100,000 | |||||||
Rome | Italy | 100,000 [97] | 150,000–160,000 [67] [56] | 400,000 [3] | 1,000,000 [38] [3] | 1,000,000 [3] [38] | 1,000,000 [3] | 800,000 [3] | 800,000 [3] | 800,000 [3] |
Salona | Croatia | 25,000 [119] | 25,000 [119] | |||||||
Seleucia | Iraq | 200,000 [67] | 400,000 [75] | 250,000 (CE 2) [56] | 150,000 [56]–250,000 [67] | |||||
Shangqiu | China | 100,000 [38] | ||||||||
Srughna | India | 100,000 [124] | ||||||||
Suzhou | China | 100,000 [38] | 66,000 [67] | 95,000 [67] | 58,000 [67] | |||||
Syracuse | Italy | 50,000–100,000 [76] | 90,000 [139] | 90,000 [139] | ||||||
Taxila | Pakistan | 60,000 [67] | ||||||||
Teotihuacán | Mexico | 60,000–80,000 [140] | 90,000 [67] | |||||||
Thessaloniki | Greece | 30,000 [108] | 30,000 [108] | |||||||
Tikal | Guatemala | 100,000 [141] | ||||||||
Tosali | India | 16,000-47,000 [124] | ||||||||
Tres Zapotes | Mexico | 30,000 [67] | ||||||||
Trier | Germany | 10,000 [119] | 10,000 [119]–50,000 | 50,000–100,000 [106] [112] | 60,000 | |||||
Ujjain | India | 60,000 [124] | 94,000 [67] | 80,000 [67] | ||||||
Vaishali | India | 28,000-82,000 [124] | ||||||||
Vidisha | India | ~100,000 [124] | ||||||||
Wanxian | China | 100,000 [38] | ||||||||
Xiadu | China | 300,000 [38] | ||||||||
Xianyang | China | 100,000 [38] | 100,000–300,000 [56] | |||||||
Xinzheng | China | 120,000 [38]–125,000 [3] | ||||||||
Xuchang | China | 140,000 [3] | ||||||||
Ye | China | 140,000 [3] | 120,000 [67] | 100,000 [38] |
City | Location | 500 | 600 | 622 | 700 | 775 | 800 | 900 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aleppo | Syria | 72,000 [67] | ||||||
Athens | Greece | 110,000 [142] | ||||||
Alexandria | Egypt | 94,000 [67]–200,000 [56] | 216,000 [56] | 60,000–100,000 | 60,000–100,000 | |||
Angkor | Cambodia | 80,000 [143] | 100,000 [143] | 90,000 [67]–150,000 [143] | ||||
Anhilpur | India | 80,000 [67] | ||||||
Antioch | Turkey | 150,000 [67] | ||||||
Anuradhapura | Sri Lanka | 70,000 [67] | ||||||
Arles | France | 10,000 [144] | ||||||
Ayodhya | India | 75,000 [67] | ||||||
Badami | India | 70,000 [67] | ||||||
Baghdad | Iraq | 175,000 [3] [67] | 150,000 [3] | |||||
Bakhalal | Mexico | 45,000 [67] | ||||||
Basra | Iraq | 100,000 [67] | ||||||
Benares | India | 75,000-210,000 [145] | 49,000 [67] | 59,000 [67] | ||||
Carthage | Tunisia | 100,000 [56] [67] | ||||||
Chang'an / Xi'an | China | 95,000 [67] [38]–400,000 [56] | 400,000 [38]–600,000 [3] | 400,000 [67] | 1,000,000 [38] | 1,000,000 [38] [56] [e] | 600,000 [67]–1,000,000 [38] [3] | 100,000 [38]–750,000 [67] [3] |
Chengdu | China | 94,000 [67] | 100,000 [38] | 100,000 [38] | ||||
Chenla | Cambodia | 70,000 [67] | ||||||
Chunar | India | 72,000 [67] | ||||||
Constantinople | Turkey | 400,000 [3]–500,000 [56] [146] | 150,000 [3] | 150,000 [67] | 125,000 [3] | 40,000–50,000 [3] | 40,000–50,000 [3] | 150,000 [3] |
Copán | Honduras | 63,000 [67] | ||||||
Cologne | Germany | 15,000–20,000 [147] | 21,000 [147] | |||||
Córdoba | Spain | 135,000 [68] | 160,000 [67] | 110,000 [148]–175,000 [3] | ||||
Ctesiphon | Iraq | 400,000 [67] | 200,000 [149]–500,000 [67] | |||||
Dali | China | 90,000 [67]–100,000 [38] | ||||||
Đại La / Hanoi | Vietnam | 25,000 [150] | ||||||
Datong | China | 200,000 [38] | ||||||
Dorestad | Netherlands | 1,000–2,500 | 1,000–2,500 | |||||
El Pilar | Guatemala | 182,600 [151] | ||||||
El Tajín | Mexico | 40,000 [67] | 40,000 [67] | 50,000 [67] | ||||
Fanyang (Youzhou) | China | 100,000 [38] | ||||||
Florence | Italy | 1,000 | 2,000–2,500 | 5,000 | ||||
Fustat | Egypt | 100,000 [67] | 150,000 [67] | |||||
Gao | Mali | 72,000 [67] | ||||||
Granada | Spain | 20,000 | ||||||
Guangzhou | China | 200,000 [38] | 200,000 [38] | |||||
Gwalior | India | 65,000 [67] | ||||||
Huari/Wari | Peru | 70,000 [152] | ||||||
Jiankang | China | 500,000 [38] | ||||||
Jinyang (Taiyuan) | China | 100,000 [38] | 100,000 [38] | |||||
Kannauj | India | 230,000 | 250,000 | 250,000 | 230,000 [67] | 200,000 [67] | ||
Kanchi | India | 56,000 [67] | 70,000 [67] | 51,000 [67] | ||||
Kyoto | Japan | 200,000 [153] | 100,000–200,000 [67] [38] | 200,000 [38] [56] | ||||
Laon | France | 28,000 [154] | ||||||
Lhasa | China | 100,000 [38] [67] | ||||||
London | UK | 10,000–12,000 | ||||||
Luoyang | China | 200,000 [67]–500,000 [38] | 500,000 [38] | 200,000 [67] | 500,000 [38] | 300,000 [67]–400,000 [38] | 150,000 [67]–200,000 [38] | |
Lyon | France | 12,000 [155] | ||||||
Madurai | India | 70,000 [67] | 70,000 [67] | |||||
Mainz | Germany | 20,000 [147] | 30,000 [147] | |||||
Mandsaur | India | 63,000 [67] | ||||||
Manyakheta | India | 100,000 [67]–200,000 [156] | ||||||
Metz | France | 25,000 [157] | 14,000 [157] | |||||
Milan | Italy | 30,000 | 25,000 [158] | 30,000 (875) [159] | ||||
Naples | Italy | 30,000 [159] | 30,000 [159] | 30,000 [159] | ||||
Nanjing | China | 150,000 [67]–500,000 [38] | ||||||
Nara | Japan | 100,000 [38] | ||||||
Orléans | France | 10,000 [144] | ||||||
Padua | Italy | 15,000 [144] | ||||||
Paris | France | 10,000–30,000 [56] | 20,000 | |||||
Patna / Pataliputra | India | 500,000 | 300,000 | 100,000 | 74,000 [67] | |||
Pavia | Italy | 15,000–20,000 [56] | ||||||
Poitiers | France | 5,000–9,000 [56] | 5,000–9,000 [56] | 5,000–9,000 [56] | 10,000 [56] | 10,000 [56] | ||
Preslav | Bulgaria | 40,000–60,000 [68] | ||||||
Prambanan | Indonesia | 60,000 [67] | 62,000 [67] | |||||
Provins | France | 10,000 | ||||||
Pyay | Myanmar | 73,000 [67] | 100,000 [67] | |||||
Pliska | Bulgaria | 34,000 [160] | ||||||
Ray | Iran | 68,000 [67] | ||||||
Regensburg | Germany | 25,000 [147] | 25,000 | |||||
Reims | France | 20,000 [56] | ||||||
Rennes | France | 10,000 | ||||||
Rome | Italy | 100,000 | 50,000 [161]–90,000 [162] | 50,000 [161] | 50,000 [161] | 50,000 [161] | 50,000 [163] [56] | 20,000–30,000 [161] |
Rouen | France | 10,000 | ||||||
Seville | Spain | 20,000 | 40,000 | 35,000 | 35,000 | 40,000–52,000 [68] | ||
Sialkot | Pakistan | 85,000 [67] | ||||||
Speyer | Germany | 20,000 | ||||||
Suzhou | China | 70,000 [67] | 120,000 [38] | 100,000 [38] | 84,000 [67]–100,000 [38] | 81,000 [67]–100,000 [38] | ||
Teotihuacán | Mexico | 125,000 [67] [140] | 60,000 [67] | |||||
Thessaloniki | Greece | 100,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 50,000 | 50,000 [68] | ||
Tikal | Guatemala | 45,000 [67] | 40,000 [67] | |||||
Toledo | Spain | 25,000 | 28,000 | |||||
Toulouse | France | 10,000 [56] | ||||||
Tours | France | 17,000 [56] | 20,000 [56] | |||||
Tula | Mexico | 41,000 [67] | 50,000 [67] | |||||
Trier | Germany | 10,000 [56] | 15,000 [56] | 15,000–25,000 [147] | ||||
Venice | Italy | 37,000 [56] | ||||||
Verona | Italy | 30,000 [56] | 25,000 | |||||
Worms | Germany | 10,000 | ||||||
Wuchang | China | 100,000 [38] | 84,000 [67] | |||||
Ye | China | 200,000 [38] |
City | Location | 1000 | 1100 | 1150 | 1200 | 1250 | 1300 | 1350 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angkor | Cambodia | 200,000
[67] 400,000 [143] |
125,000
[67] 550,000 [143] |
140,000
[67] 600,000 [143] |
150,000
[67] 650,000 [143] |
650,000 [143] | ||
Amalfi | Italy | 35,000 [164]–80,000 [68] | 10,000–15,000 [56] | |||||
Ani | Turkey | 100,000 [165]–200,000 [166] | ||||||
Anhilpur | India | 100,000 [67] | 100,000 [67] | 135,000 [67] | ||||
Antioch | Turkey | 40,000 | 40,000 | |||||
L'Aquila | Italy | 40,000 | ||||||
Bagan | Myanmar | 100,000 [67] | 150,000 [67] | 180,000 [67] | 180,000 [67] | |||
Baghdad | Iraq | 125,000 [56] | 150,000 [67] | 250,000 [3] | 150,000 [56] | |||
Beijing | China | 130,000 [67] | 140,000 [67] | 401,000 [67] | 400,000 [67] | |||
Berlin | Germany | 2,400 | 1,200–2,000 | 4,000–7,000 | ||||
Bologna | Italy | 50,000 | 50,000 | 23,000 | ||||
Braunschweig | Germany | 10,000 [147] | 21,000 [56] | |||||
Bruges | Belgium | 12,000 [147] | 15,000 [56] | 25,000 [56] | 36,000 [56] | 50,000 [56] | ||
Cahokia | Illinois, USA | 10,200–15,300 [167] | 25,000 [168] | 20,000–30,000 [169] | ||||
Cairo | Egypt | 135,000 [67] | 150,000 [67] | 175,000 [67] | 200,000 [67]–250,000 [3] | 300,000 [67] | 400,000 [3] [67] | 350,000 [67] |
Chang'an / Xi'an | China | 118,000 [67] | 114,000 [67] | |||||
Chartres | France | 7,000 | ||||||
Chunar | India | 66,000 [67] | ||||||
Cologne | Germany | 21,000 [170] | 25,000–35,000 [56] | 32,000–60,000 [171] | 52,000–60,000 [170] | 40,000–60,000 [121] [122] [171] | 57,000 (1333) [170] | |
Constantinople | Turkey | 150,000 [3] | 200,000 [67]–250,000 [3] | 200,000 [67] | 150,000 [67]–250,000 [3] | 100,000 [172] | 150,000 [172] | 80,000 [172] |
Córdoba | Spain | 110,000 [148] [3] | 60,000 (1103) [173] | 60,000 [173] | 60,000 [173] | 40,000 [173] | ||
Cuttack | India | 100,000 [67] | 90,000 [67] | 90,000 [67] | ||||
Dali | China | 90,000
[67] 100,000 [38] |
100,000 [67] | |||||
Delhi | India | 10,000 [174] | 60,000 [174] | 80,000 [67] | 100,000 [67] [174] | 125,000 [174] | ||
Dhar | India | 80,000 [67] | ||||||
Dwarasamudra | India | 30,000 | 120,000 | 150,000 | ||||
Edessa | Turkey | 25,000 | ||||||
Erfurt | Germany | 10,000 [147] | 21,000 [56] | 32,000 [56] | ||||
Fanyang (Youzhou) | China | 100,000 [38] | ||||||
Fes | Morocco | 75,000 [56] | 125,000 [67] | 160,000 [67] | 200,000 [67]–250,000 [56] | 200,000 [67] | 150,000 [67]–200,000 [56] | 125,000 [67] |
Florence | Italy | 13,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | 50,000–110,000 [175] | 60,000–120,000 [56] [176] | 40,000 | |
Gangaikonda Cholapuram | India | 200,000 | 300,000 | 300,000 | 250,000 | 150,000 | ||
Gaur | India | 60,000 [67] | 90,000 [67] | 100,000 [67] | ||||
Genoa | Italy | 15,000 [56]–80,000 [175] | 30,000 [56] | 100,000 [177] | 100,000 [56] | |||
Ghent | Belgium | 8,000 [147] | 12,000 [56] | 25,000 [56] | 65,000 [178] | 42,000 [56]–65,000 | 57,000 [56] | |
Guangzhou | China | 140,000 [67] | 150,000 [67] | 150,000 [67] | ||||
Hangzhou | China | 80,000 [67] | 90,000 [67] | 145,000 [67]–800,000 [3] | 255,000 [67]–1,000,000 [3] | 320,000 [67]–1,000,000 [38] | 432,000 [67]–800,000 [3] | 432,000 [67] |
Jinzhou | China | 85,000 [67] | ||||||
Kaifeng | China | 400,000 [38] [56]–1,000,000 [3] | 442,000 [67]–1,000,000 [3] | 150,000 [67] | 1,000,000 [38] | |||
Kalburgi | India | 70,000 [67] | ||||||
Kalyan | India | 150,000 [67] | 125,000 [67] | |||||
Kannauj | India | 72,000 [67] | 80,000 [67] | 92,000 [67] | ||||
Khajuraho ( Kalinjar) | India | 100,000 [56] | 50,000 [67] | |||||
Khambhat | India | 50,000 [67] | 60,000 [67] | |||||
Kyiv | Ukraine | 45,000 [56] | 48,000 [56]–100,000 [164] | 36,000–50,000 [56] | ||||
Kollam | India | 60,000 [67] | ||||||
Kyoto | Japan | 175,000 [38]–300,000 [56] | ||||||
Laon | France | 25,000 [154] | ||||||
London [179] | UK | 20,000–25,000 | 10,000–20,000 | 20,000–30,000 | 80,000–100,000 [180] | 25,000–50,000 | ||
Lübeck | Germany | 6,000 | 18,800 | |||||
Madurai | India | 60,000 [67] | ||||||
Mainz | Germany | 30,000 [56] | 30,000 [56] | 25,000 [56] | 25,000 [56] | 25,000 [56] | 24,000 [56] | |
Manyakheta | India | 71,000 [67] | ||||||
Marrakech | Morocco | 150,000 [67] | 150,000 [67] | 150,000 [67] | 125,000 [67] | |||
Marseille | France | 6,000–7,000 [56] | 25,000 [56] | 40,000 [56] | ||||
Merv | Turkmenistan | 200,000 [67] | 70,000 [56] | |||||
Metz | France | 16,000 | 21,000 [56] | 23,000–27,000 [56] | 32,000 [56] | |||
Milan | Italy | 15,000 [161] | 45,000 | 58,000 (1170) [56] | 60,000 [56]–100,000 [161] | 150,000 | 150,000–200,000 [180] [161] [181] [182] | 50,000–200,000 [175] [181] [182] [128] |
Montpellier | France | 40,000–50,000 [180] | ||||||
Nabadwip | India | 85,000 [67] | ||||||
Nanjing | China | 130,000 [67] | 130,000 [67] | 130,000 [67] | 95,000 [67] | |||
Naples | Italy | 30,000 [56] | 30,000 [56] | 30,000 [56] | 30,000 [56] | 30,000–36,000 (1278) [56] | 40,000 [56]–100,000 | 60,000 (1340) [56] |
Nishapur | Iran | 125,000 [67] | ||||||
Norwich | UK | 20,000–25,000 | ||||||
Padua | Italy | 15,000 [180] | 35,000 [180] | |||||
Palermo | Italy | 60,000 [148]–75,000 | 150,000 | 150,000 [67] | 50,000 (1277) [56] | 40,000 [56]–100,000 [180] | ||
Paris | France | 20,000 [183] | 50,000–65,000 [184] [185] [186] [187] | 110,000 [183] | 160,000 [67] | 200,000–270,000 (1328) [188] | 215,000 [67] | |
Polonnaruwa | Sri Lanka | 75,000 [67] | ||||||
Prague | Czech Republic | 10,000 [147] | 22,000 [56] | 40,000 [56] | 50,000 [56] | |||
Puri | India | 78,000 [67] | 72,000 [67] | |||||
Ramavati | 75,000 [67] | |||||||
Regensburg | Germany | 40,000 [147] [164] | 30,000 | |||||
Rome | Italy | 35,000 [56] [164] | 30,000–40,000 [161] | 30,000–40,000 [161] | 40,000 [161] | 40,000–50,000 [161] | 15,000 [189]–17,000 [56] | |
Rouen | France | 20,000 [56] | 20,000 [56] | 30,000–40,000 [56] | 50,000 [56] | 40,000–50,000 [56] [180] | ||
Salerno | Italy | 50,000 [190] | 50,000 [56] | 50,000 | 10,000 (1320) [56] | |||
Sarai | Russia | 120,000 [67] | ||||||
Seville | Spain | 52,000 | 40,000–50,000 [180] | |||||
Shangjing | China | 140,000 [38] | ||||||
Speyer | Germany | 25,000 | 30,000 [56] | 30,000 [56] | 30,000 [56] | 30,000 [56] | 25,000 [56] | |
Suzhou | China | 100,000 [38] | 96,000 [67] | |||||
Tabriz | Iran | 125,000 [67] | 100,000 [67] | |||||
Thanjavur | India | 200,000 [67] | 250,000 | 200,000 | ||||
Thăng Long/ Hanoi | Vietnam | 30,000 [150] | 40,000 [150] | |||||
Thessaloniki | Greece | 40,000 [56] | 40,000 [56] | 40,000 [56] | 30,000 [56] | 50,000 [56]–100,000 [191] | 50,000–150,000 [164] [192] | |
Toledo | Spain | 37,000 | 35,000 | 42,000 | ||||
Toulouse | France | 35,000 | ||||||
Trier | Germany | 20,000 [147] | 20,000 [56] | 20,000 [56] | 25,000 [56] | |||
Venice | Italy | 45,000–60,000 [127] [193] [194] [195] | 58,000 | 64,000–70,000 [56] | 70,000–80,000 [181] [56] | 45,000 [177] | 100,000–120,000 [67] [181] | 65,228 (1363) |
Veliky Novgorod | Russia | 10,000–18,000 | 20,000–40,000 | 50,000 [196] [197] | ||||
Verona | Italy | 10,000 | 20,000–25,000 | 20,000–25,000 | 35,000–40,000 | |||
Vijayanagar | India | 200,000 | ||||||
Warangal | India | 63,000 [67] | 80,000 [67] | |||||
Worms | Germany | 20,000 [147] | 28,000 [56] | 25,000 [56] | 20,000 [56] | |||
York | UK | 8,000 [180] | 23,000 [180] | |||||
Ypres | Belgium | 40,000–200,000 [198] | 30,000 [56] |
City | 1400 | 1450 | 1500 | 1550 | 1575 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aachen | 15,000 [199] | ||||
Adrianople / Edirne | 28,000 [56] | 85,000 [56] | 125,000 [56] | 160,000 [56] | 183,000 [56] |
Agra | 250,000 | 500,000 | |||
Ahmedabad | 70,000 [56] | 80,000 [56]–100,000 [67] | 140,000 [67]–175,000 [56] | 300,000 | |
Ahmednagar | 70,000 [67] | ||||
Alessandria | 8,000 [200] | ||||
Antwerp | 18,000 (1374) | 20,000 (1444) | 40,000 [199] | 90,000 [199] | 104,984 (1568) [56] [67] |
Asti | 8,000 [200] | ||||
Augsburg | 14,000 (1408) [201] | 17,000 (1471) [201] | 20,000 [199] | 45,000 [199] | |
Ayutthaya | 150,000 [202] | 150,000 [202] | 10,000 (1569) [202] | ||
Bago | 150,000 [67] | 175,000 [67] | |||
Beijing | 150,000 [67] | 600,000 [67] | 672,000 [67] | 690,000 [67] | 706,000 [67] |
Bologna | 40,000 [203] | 55,000 [200] | 61,731 (1569) [203] [200] | 72,395 (1588) [203] | |
Brescia | 27,000 [203] | 30,000 (1440) [203] | 49,000 [200] | 41,000 [200] | |
Bursa | 95,000 [56] | 130,000 [67] | |||
Bruges | 37,000 [181] | 25,000 | 30,000 [199] | 35,000 [199] | 29,000 (1584) [204] |
Cairo | 125,000–360,000 [3] [67] | 380,000 [67] | 400,000 [3] [56] | 360,000 [67] | 275,000 [67] |
Chan Chan | 60,000–100,000 [205] | 5,000–10,000 [206] | |||
Chang'an / Xi'an | 150,000 [56] | 150,000 [56] | 127,000 [67] | 150,000 [56] | |
Cologne | 40,000 [56] | 30,000 [199] | 35,000 [199] | 37,000 [56] | |
Como | 10,000 [200] | 10,000 [200] | |||
Constantinople / Istanbul | 75,000 [56] | 40,000–50,000 [192] | 200,000 [56] | 660,000 [67] | 680,000 [67] |
Crema | 11,000 [200] | ||||
Cremona | 35,000 [207] | 40,000 [200] | 34,000 [200] | ||
Cuneo | 6,000 [200] | ||||
Cuttack | 75,000 [67] | 100,000 [67] | 140,000 [67] | 90,000 [67] | |
Cusco | 45,000 [208] | ||||
Delhi | 80,000 [67]–100,000 [174] | 160,000 [174] | 160,000 [174] | ||
Fes | 125,000 [67] | 150,000 [56] | 130,000 [67] | ||
Florence | 45,000–61,000 [56] [175] [209] | 54,000 (1470) [56] | 55,000–70,000 [190] [175] [210] | 59,216 (1562) [56] | |
Fossano | 9,000 [200] | ||||
Gao | 60,000 [67] | ||||
Gaur | 150,000 [67] | 200,000 [67] | |||
Ghent | 70,000 [56] | 40,000 [199] | 50,000 [199] | ||
Genoa | 80,000–100,000 [175] [176] | 120,000 (1460) [56] | 60,000 [200] | 65,000 [200] | |
Granada | 100,000 [56] | 165,000 [67] | 70,000 [190] [56] | ||
Guangzhou | 150,000 [67] | 175,000 [67] | 150,000 [67] | 160,000 [67] | 170,000 [67] |
Gwalior | 80,000 [67] | ||||
Hangzhou | 235,000 [67] | 250,000 [67] | 250,000 [56] | 260,000 [67] | 260,000 [67] |
Hanoi | 50,000 [150] | ||||
Jaunpur | 100,000 [67] | ||||
Kalburgi | 90,000 [67] | ||||
Kano | 50,000 [67] | ||||
Khambhat | 60,000 [67] | ||||
Kollam | 60,000 [67] | ||||
Lodi | 9,000 [200] | ||||
London [179] | 45,000 [56] | 75,000 [56] | 40,000 [211] | 80,000 [211] | |
Lyon | 20,000–35,000 [56] | 60,000 [56] | 50,000 [212] | 70,000 [212] | |
Lübeck | 17,200 | 21,568 | 25,444 | 22,452 | |
Magdeburg | 20,000 [56] | 24,000 [56] | 18,000 [213] | 40,000 [56] | |
Mandu | 70,000 [67] | ||||
Mantua | 28,000 [200] | 38,000 [200] | |||
Milan | 125,000 [177] [181] | 110,000 [56] | 100,000 [200] | 69,000 [200] | 115,000 (1574) |
Modena | 18,000 [200] | 16,000 [200] | |||
Nanjing | 487,000 [67] | 150,000 [67] | 157,000 [67] | 182,000 [67] | 188,000 [67] |
Naples | 40,000–100,000 [56] [176] | 60,000 (1435) [56] | 125,000 [214]–150,000 [215] | 212,000 [215] | 215,000 [67] |
Novara | 7,000 [200] | ||||
Nuremberg | 18,000 [56] | 25,982 (1449) [56] | 36,000 [213] | 40,000 [213] | |
Oyo-Ile | 150,000 | 60,000 [67] | |||
Padua | 27,000 [200] | 32,000 [200] | |||
Paris | 100,000 (1422) [216] | 150,000 [67] | 100,000 [212] | 130,000 [212] | 220,000 [67] |
Parma | 19,000 [200] | 25,000 [200] | |||
Pavia | 16,000 [200] | 13,000 [200] | |||
Piacenza | 27,000 [200] | ||||
Prague | 40,000 | 30,000 | |||
Rome | 33,000 [217] | 33,500 (1458) [217] | 38,000 [217]–55,000 [215] | 45,000 [215] | 80,000 (1580) |
Rouen | 40,000 [212] | 65,000 [212] | |||
Samarkand | 130,000 [67] | ||||
Seoul | 100,000 [56] | 125,000 [67] | 150,000 [56] | 125,000 [56] | |
Seville | 15,000 (1384) [218] | 60,000 [218] | 65,000 | 109,000 (1565) [218] | |
Suzhou | 129,000 [67] | ||||
Tabriz | 150,000 [67] | 200,000 [67] | 250,000 [67] | ||
Tenochtitlan/ Mexico City | 200,000-400,000 [219] [220] [221] | 60,000 [56] | |||
Texcoco | 60,000 [67] | ||||
Venice | 85,000–200,000 [175] [176] | 150,000 (1423) [181] | 100,000 [200] | 158,000 [200] | 134,871 (1581) |
Verona | 14,800 | 38,000 [200] | 52,000 [200] | ||
Vijayanagar | 400,000 [67] | 550,000 [67] | 500,000 [222] - 1,000,000 [223] |
City | 1600 | 1650 | 1700 | 1750 | 1800 | 1825 | 1850 | 1875 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aachen | 14,171 (1601) | 12,000 [199] | 15,000 [199] | 24,000 [199] | 35,428 | 56,190 (1849) [201] | 79,606 | |
Adrianople/ Edirne | 160,000 [56] | 132,000 [56] | 93,000 [56] | 96,000 [56] | 100,000 [56] | 125,000 [56] | 85,000 [56] | |
Alexandria | 15,000 (1693) | 6,000 (1777) | 4,000 (1798) | 12,528 (1828) | 138,000 | 212,000 [224] | ||
Antwerp | 47,000 [199] | 70,000 [199] | 70,000 [199] | 46,000 [199] | 60,000 [199] | 88,000 [225] | 127,000 [225] | |
Agra | 500,000 [56] | 660,000 [56] | 60,000 [56] | 108,000 [56] | 149,008 (1872) [226] | |||
Ahmedabad | 300,000 [56] | 380,000 [56] | 400,000 [67] | 120,000 [56] | 89,000 [56] | 87,000 (1824) | 94,390 (1846) | 116,873 (1872) [226] |
Amsterdam | 59,551 [227] | 176,873 [227] | 235,224 | 233,952 [67] | 203,485 | 197,231 (1820) | 223,700 [225] | 289,000 [224] |
Augsburg | 48,000 [199] | 21,000 [199] | 21,000 [199] | 31,000 [201] | 28,000 [199] | 35,000 [201] | 57,210 | |
Ayutthaya | 100,000 [202] | 125,000 [228] | 150,000 [202] | 150,000 [202] | 30,000 [202] | |||
Baltimore | 26,514 | 80,620 (1830) | 169,054 | 299,000 [224] | ||||
Barcelona | 64,000 | 64,000 | 73,000 | 70,000 | 120,000 | 120,000 | 167,000 | 240,000 [224] |
Beijing | 706,000 [56] | 470,000 [67] | 650,000 [56] | 900,000 [67] | 1,100,000 [38] [56] | 1,350,000 [67] | 1,648,000 [67] | 1,310,000 [56] |
Berlin | 25,000 [199] | 12,000 [199] | 55,000 [199] | 113,289 [229] | 172,132 [229] | 220,277 | 446,000 | 1,045,000 [224] |
Birmingham | 2,000 [211] | 4,000 [211] | 7,000 [211] | 23,688 [230] | 73,670 (1801) [230] | 122,000 | 294,000 | 480,000 [224] |
Bombay | 100,000 | 163,000 (1826) | 718,000 [224] | |||||
Bordeaux | 40,000 [231] | 40,000 [231] | 50,000 [231] | 67,000 [231] | 88,000 [231] | 142,000 [232] | 225,000 [224] | |
Boston | 6,700 | 20,000 | 35,248 | 61,392 (1830) | 202,261 | 450,000 [224] | ||
Breslau (Wrocław) | 33,000–40,000 [56] [233] | 37,000 [56] | 40,000 [56] | 52,000 [56] | 64,520 [56] | 89,500 (1831) | 114,000 [56] | 239,050 [56] |
Bristol | 10,549 [234] | 15,000-20,000 [234] | 25,000 [234] | 43,275 [235] | 62,452 [235] | 94,180 [235] | 137,528 [235] | 206,874 (1881) [235] |
Brussels | 55,000 [56] | 70,000 [56] | 70,000 [56] | 55,000 [56]–60,000 [225] | 66,297 [56] [225] | 208,000 [56]–251,000 [225] | 327,000 [224] | |
Bucharest | 60,000 [236] | 50,000 [236] | 25,000 [236] | 34,000 [236] | 104,000 [236] | 177,646 (1878) [237] | ||
Budapest | 25,000 [238] | 24,000 [238] | 54,000 [238] | 156,506 [238] | 325,000 [224] | |||
Cairo | 200,000 [67] | 350,000 [239] | 350,000 [239] | 300,000 [239] | 210,960 | 257,783 | 267,160 | 345,028 |
Calcutta | 200,000 | 230,000 (1822) | 680,000 [224] | |||||
Chicago | 100 (1830) | 29,963 | 405,000 [224] | |||||
Cologne | 40,000 [199] | 45,000 [199] | 42,000 [199] | 43,000 [199] [225] | 42,000 [199] | 59,049 | 94,781 (1849) [225] | 135,371 |
Copenhagen | 40,000 [56] | 29,000 | 62,000 [56] | 93,000 [225] | 101,000 [225] | 108,000 [56] | 150,000 | 241,000 [224] |
Danzig | 50,000 [213] | 70,000 [213] | 50,000 [213] | 46,000 [213] | 40,000 [213] | 61,900 | 65,000 [56] | 90,500 (1874) |
Delhi | 200,000 [174] | 500,000 [174] | 100,000 [174] | 125,000 [174] | 150,000 [174] | 156,000 [174] | 154,417 (1872) [240] | |
Dhaka | 200,000 [56] | 200,000 [56] | 200,000 [56] | 135,000 [56] | 110,000 [56] | 66,989 (1830) [56] | 60,617 [56] | 51,536 (1869) [56] |
Dresden | 14,793 (1603) | 16,000 (1648) | 21,298 (1699) | 63,209 (1755) | 61,794 | 61,886 (1830) | 94,092 (1849) | 197,295 [224] |
Dublin | 5,000 [241] | 17,000 [241] | 60,000 [241]–80,000 [242] | 90,000 [241]–128,570 (1753) [242] | 167,899 (1802) [241] | 194,000 [243] | 263,000 [244] | 310,000 [224] |
Edinburgh | 35,000 | 55,000 | 82,000 | 145,000 | 194,000 | 274,000 [224] | ||
Edo ( Tokyo) | 60,000 [67] | 430,000 | 688,000 [67] | 509,000 [56] | 685,000 [67] | 530,000 [56] | 567,000 [56] | 780,000 [224] |
Esfahān | 125,000 [56] | 350,000 [67] | 350,000 [67] | 60,000 [56] | 50,000 [56] | 60,000 [56] | 76,088 (1870) | |
Genoa | 71,000 [200] | 90,000 [200] | 80,000 [200] | 87,000 [200] | 91,000 [200] | 83,569 (1822) | 100,696 | 130,269 (1872) |
Glasgow [245] | 7,000 | 14,000 | 14,000 | 23,500 [225] | 77,000 [225] | 170,000 | 346,000 | 635,000 [224] |
Guangzhou | 180,000 [67] | 200,000 [67] | 200,000 [67] | 400,000 [67] | 800,000 [67] | 900,000 [67] | 875,000 [67] | 944,000 [56] |
Hangzhou | 270,000 [67] | 281,000 [67] | 303,000 [67] | 340,000 [67] | 387,000 [67] | 410,000 [67] | 700,000 [56] | 50,000 (1864) |
Hanoi | 40,000 [150] | 100,000 [246] | 100,000 [246] | 75,000 [246] | 81,000 [246] | 51,000 [150] | 255,000 [247] | |
Huế | 60,000 [150] | 50,325 [150] | ||||||
Ho Chi Minh City/Saigon | 24,000 | 50,000 [150] | 50,000 [150] | 180,661 (1902) [248] | ||||
Hyderabad | 80,000 [249] | 90,000 [228] | 200,000 [249] | 225,000 [249] | 200,000 [249] | 200,000 [249] | 200,000 [249] | 350,000 [249] |
Iași (Jassy) | 20,000 [236] | 20,000 [236] | 50,000 [236] | 72,000 (1877) [250] | ||||
Constantinople/ Istanbul | 400,000–700,000 [3] [67] | 700,000 [67] | 600,000–700,000 [3] [67] | 625,000 [67] | 570,000 [67] | 675,000 [67] | 785,000 [67] | 827,750 (1874) |
Hamburg | 40,000 [233] | 75,000 | 70,000 [56] | 75,000–90,000 [251] [56] | 130,000 [251] | 124,838 (1830) | 193,000 [56] | 348,000 [224] |
Kagoshima | 50,000 | 51,000 [56] | 57,000 [56] | 67,000 [67] | 72,350 [56] | 72,000 [56] | 89,374 (1873) | |
Kanazawa | 50,000 [56] | 55,106 [56] | 67,000 [67] | 78,000 [56] | 97,000 [56] | 103,000 [56] | 116,000 [56] | 109,685 (1873) |
Kyoto | 300,000 [67] | 350,000 [252] | 350,000 [253] [67] | 362,000 [244] | 377,000 [254] | 350,000 [243] | 323,000 [244] | 238,663 (1873) [255] |
Königsberg | 40,000 (1663) | 40,600 (1708) | 60,000 [211] | 59,000 [211] | 67,125 | 79,887 (1852) | 122,636 | |
Lahore | 350,000 [56] | 200,000 [56] | 94,000 [56] | 99,000 (1872) [255] | ||||
Leipzig | 20,000 | 14,000 (1648) | 15,653 (1699) | 35,000 | 32,146 | 41,506 | 62,374 (1849) | 209,000 [224] |
Lisbon | 110,000 [56] | 165,000 (1639) [56] | 188,000 [56] | 148,000–213,000 [251] [56] | 180,000–237,000 [251] [56] | 249,000 [56] | 240,000–259,000 [251] [56] | 235,000 (1870) [251] |
Liverpool | 5,714 | 22,000 [251] | 77,653 (1801) [251] | 170,000 [56] | 375,955 (1851) [256] | 650,000 [224] | ||
London | 200,000 [211] | 400,000 [211] | 575,000 [211] | 675,000 [211] | 865,000 [211] | 1,335,000 [67] | 2,320,000 [67] | 4,241,000 [67] |
Lyon | 40,000 [212] | 75,000 [212] | 97,000 [212] | 114,000 [251] | 102,167 (1793) | 115,841 (1820) | 254,000 | 331,000 [224] |
Lübeck | 22,570 | 31,068 | 19,978 | 17,644 | 24,631 | 25,600 | 26,098 | 44,799 |
Madras | 15,000 | 55,000 | 125,000 | 172,000 | 310,000 | 400,000 [224] | ||
Madrid | 49,000 [257] | 130,000 [257] | 110,000 [257] | 109,000 [251] [257] | 167,000 [257] | 181,400 (1826) [56] | 263,000 [251] [56] | 407,000 [224] |
Manchester | 5,000 [211] | 9,000 [211] | 18,000 [211] | 70,000 [211] | 155,000 | 412,000 | 590,000 [224] | |
Marseille | 40,000 [212] | 66,000 [212] | 75,000 [212] | 68,000 [212] [251] | 78,000 [212] | 119,000 [56] | 193,000 [56] | 316,000 [224] |
Mexico City | 75,000 [56] | 90,000 [56] | 100,000 [56] | 110,000 [56] | 128,000 [56] | 176,000 [56] | 170,000 [256] [56] | 250,000 [56] |
Milan [177] | 120,000 [200] | 100,000 [200] | 124,000 [200] | 123,618 [56] [251] [200] | 134,528 [56] [200] | 168,000 [56] | 193,000 [56] | 277,000 [224] |
Moscow | 80,000 [56] | 200,000 (1638) | 130,000 [56] | 130,000–161,000 [251] [56] | 238,000 [56] | 241,500 | 373,800 [256] | 601,969 (1871) |
Munich | 20,000 [213] | 10,000 [213] | 21,000 [213] | 32,000 [213] [251] | 34,000 [213] | 62,290 | 96,398 | 198,000 [224] |
Nagoya | 65,000 [56] | 65,000 [67] | 96,000 [56] | 92,000 [67] | 116,000 | 125,193 (1873) [255] | ||
Nanjing | 194,000 [67] | 178,000 [67] | 300,000 [56] | 285,000 [56] | 220,000 [56] | 200,000 [56] | 300,000 [56] | |
Naples | 400,000 [215] | 176,000 [215] | 216,000 [215] | 305,000 [215] | 427,000 [215] | 350,000 [67] | 413,000 [256]–416,000 [56] | 450,000 [224] |
New Orleans | 8,056 | 46,082 (1830) | 116,375 | 210,000 [224] | ||||
New York City | 4,436 (1703) | 13,296 (1749) | 63,000 | 170,000 | 682,000 | 1,900,000 [67] | ||
Nuremberg | 40,000 [213] | 25,000 [213] | 40,000 [213] | 30,000 [213] [251] | 27,000 [213] [251] | 54,000 [251] | 91,017 | |
Osaka | 200,000–360,000 [67] | 220,000 | 350,000–380,000 [67] [258] [259] | 400,000 (1749) | 383,000–500,000 (1783) [56] [258] | 340,000 [56] | 300,000 | 320,000 [224] |
Palermo | 105,000 [260] [215] | 128,000 [228] | 100,000 [215] | 118,000 [215] | 139,000 [215] | 168,000 [243] | 182,000 [244] | 219,000 [224] |
Paris | 220,000 [212] | 430,000 [212] | 510,000 [212] | 576,000 [212] | 581,000 [212] | 855,000 [67] | 1,314,000 [67] | 2,250,000 [67] |
Philadelphia | 4,400 | 14,563 (1753) | 68,200 | 138,000 | 426,221 | 791,000 [224] | ||
Prague | 60,000 | 25,000 | 39,000 [261] | 58,000 [262] [261] | 77,403 [56] [262] [261] | 98,000 | 117,000 [262] | 223,371 (1869) |
Rio de Janeiro | 20,000 | 29,000 | 44,000 | 166,419 | 274,000 [224] | |||
Rome | 105,000 [215] | 124,000 [215] | 138,000 [215] | 156,000 [215] | 163,000 [215] | 138,000 | 170,000 | 252,000 [224] |
Rouen | 60,000 [212] | 82,000 [212] | 64,000 [212] | 67,000 [212] | 81,000 [212] | 92,083 (1836) | 104,142 (1851) [263] | 104,902 (1876) |
Saint Petersburg | 138,000 [264] | 220,200 [264] | 438,000 [67] | 502,000 [264] | 764,000 [224] | |||
Seoul | 150,000 [67] | 158,000 [67] | 187,000 [67] | 190,000 [56] | 192,000 [56] | 194,000 [56] | ||
Seville | 121,000 (1597) [218] | 65,000 [257] | 96,000 [257] | 66,000 [257] [262] | 96,000 [257] | 75,000 (1820) | 106,000 [262] | 133,247 (1877) |
Shanghai | 45,000 | 60,000 | 100,000 | 115,000 | 250,000 | 400,000 [224] | ||
Sunpu | 100,000 [67] | 31,555 (1873) [265] | ||||||
St. Louis | 925 (1799) | 4,977 (1830) | 77,860 | 338,000 [224] | ||||
Suzhou | 175,000 [56] | 145,000 [56] | 245,000 [56] | 302,000 [56] | 243,000 [67] | 302,000 [67] | 550,000 [56] | 250,000 [56] |
Turin | 24,000 [200] | 37,000 [200] | 42,000 [200] | 57,000 [200] | 82,000 [200] | 109,000 [243] | 138,000 [244] | 216,000 [224] |
Warsaw | 35,000 [266] | 21,000 [266] | 28,000 [266] | 75,000 [266] | 124,000 [243] | 163,000 [266] | 311,000 [224] | |
Venice [177] | 139,000 [200] | 120,000 [200] | 138,000 [200] | 149,000 [200] | 138,000 [200] | 109,927 | 106,000 [262] | 129,676 |
Vienna [267] [268] | 50,000 [261] | 60,000 [261] | 114,000 [261] | 175,400 [261] | 231,000 [261] | 401,200 | 551,300 | 1,020,770 |
Xi'an | 138,000 [67] | 147,000 [56] | 167,000 [67] | 195,000 [67] | 224,000 [67] | 259,000 [67] | 275,000 [56] | 250,000 [56] |
Yamaguchi | 80,000 [67] |
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