Heze
菏泽市 Hotseh | |
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 Location of Heze City jurisdiction in Shandong | |
| Coordinates (Heze municipal government): 35°14′03″N 115°28′47″E / 35.2343°N 115.4796°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| County-level divisions | 9 |
| Township-level divisions | 158 |
| Municipal seat | Mudan District |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Sun Aijun (孙爱军) |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 12,256 km2 (4,732 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,416 km2 (547 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,416 km2 (547 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 census)
[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 8,287,693 |
| • Density | 680/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,346,717 |
| • Urban density | 950/km2 (2,500/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,346,717 |
| • Metro density | 950/km2 (2,500/sq mi) |
| GDP [3] | |
| • Prefecture-level city |
CN¥ 307 billion US$ 46.5 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 35,184 US$ 5,317 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 ( China Standard) |
| Postal code | 274000 |
| Area code | 0530 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SD-17 |
| Licence plate prefixes | 鲁R |
| Heze | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 菏澤 | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 菏泽 | ||||||||||
| Literal meaning | He Marsh | ||||||||||
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| Former names | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caozhou | |||||||||
| Chinese | 曹 州 | ||||||||
| Postal | Tsaochow | ||||||||
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Heze, formerly known as Caozhou, is the westernmost prefecture-level city in Shandong province, China, bordering Jining to the east and the provinces of Henan and Anhui to the west and south respectively.
History
Caozhou was at the center of the Nian Rebellion during the 1850s and 60s.
In August 1949, Heze was detached from Shandong and given to the experimental province of Pingyuan, but was later returned to Shandong just over three years later.
In April 1953, Heze and Jining gained counties from the former prefecture of Huxi after its abolition.
City flower
Mudan is the city flower of Heze. The earliest documentary of Mudan is in Classic of Poetry, written almost 3,000 years ago. Mudan is also called the "king of flowers" from the Bencao Gangmu. It is a symbol of honor, peace, wealth, love, aristocracy and feminine beauty. There are 9 types of Mudan based on the colors: red, white, purple, yellow, blue, green, black, pink, and multi-colored. [4]
Climate
Heze has a monsoon-influenced climate that lies between the humid subtropical and humid continental zones ( Köppen Cwa/Dwa), with four well-defined seasons. The city is warm and nearly rainless in spring, hot and humid in summer, crisp in autumn and cold and dry in winter. The mean annual temperature is 14.22 °C (57.6 °F), with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from −0.5 °C (31.1 °F) in January to 27.1 °C (80.8 °F) in July. Nearly 70% of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 48% in July to 60% in May, the city receives 2,411 hours of bright sunshine annually.
| Climate data for Heze (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) |
23.2 (73.8) |
28.5 (83.3) |
33.7 (92.7) |
38.1 (100.6) |
42.0 (107.6) |
41.8 (107.2) |
38.4 (101.1) |
36.0 (96.8) |
32.7 (90.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
42.0 (107.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.9 (40.8) |
9.0 (48.2) |
15.2 (59.4) |
21.7 (71.1) |
27.1 (80.8) |
31.9 (89.4) |
32.2 (90.0) |
30.8 (87.4) |
27.1 (80.8) |
21.7 (71.1) |
13.6 (56.5) |
6.9 (44.4) |
20.2 (68.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
3.6 (38.5) |
9.4 (48.9) |
15.7 (60.3) |
21.3 (70.3) |
26.1 (79.0) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.2 (79.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
15.7 (60.3) |
8.1 (46.6) |
1.8 (35.2) |
14.8 (58.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
4.8 (40.6) |
10.6 (51.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
17.5 (63.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
10.5 (50.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.4 (−4.7) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
3.8 (38.8) |
10.2 (50.4) |
15.4 (59.7) |
12.1 (53.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−12.9 (8.8) |
−17.5 (0.5) |
−20.4 (−4.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 6.5 (0.26) |
11.9 (0.47) |
17.3 (0.68) |
32.1 (1.26) |
49.6 (1.95) |
62.0 (2.44) |
166.7 (6.56) |
138.6 (5.46) |
74.4 (2.93) |
31.6 (1.24) |
27.4 (1.08) |
8.9 (0.35) |
627 (24.68) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.0 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 6.4 | 7.6 | 11.4 | 10.5 | 7.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 2.9 | 72.2 |
| Average snowy days | 3.6 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 11.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 65 | 61 | 58 | 62 | 65 | 64 | 78 | 82 | 77 | 70 | 70 | 67 | 68 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 142.0 | 153.6 | 203.4 | 227.7 | 251.2 | 237.2 | 209.8 | 201.1 | 181.5 | 183.0 | 152.9 | 143.1 | 2,286.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 45 | 49 | 55 | 58 | 58 | 55 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 53 | 50 | 47 | 51 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration [5] [6] [7] | |||||||||||||
Administration
The prefecture-level city of Heze administers nine county-level divisions. The municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are in Mudan District (牡丹区), together with CPC and public security bureaux.
There are two districts and seven counties:
- Mudan District (牡丹区)
- Dingtao District (定陶区)
- Cao County (曹县)
- Chengwu County (成武县) - originally in Huxi
- Shan County (单县) - originally in Huxi
- Juye County (巨野县) - originally in Huxi
- Yuncheng County (郓城县)
- Juancheng County (鄄城县)
- Dongming County (东明县)
These are further divided into 158 township-level divisions.
| Map |
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Demographics
According to the 2010 population census, Heze was home to 8,287,693 people, of whom 1,346,717 live in the built-up area around the seat of government in Mudan District.
Culture
Places of interest
- Caozhou Mudan Garden: It is the largest Mudan garden in Heze and with the most varieties. [8]
- One Hundred Lion Square: It is famous for its column carved with 100 stone lions in different postures. It represents best wishes and longevity. The archway is 14 meters high and 9 meters wide. The 100 lions with different shapes represent superb architectural skills and immortal artistic value, which fully embodies the wisdom and strength of the ancient people. [9]
- Shui Hu Hero City: It is famous for the teaching and communication of martial arts and ancient buildings. It is also the Chinese ancient residence museum, CCTV-recommended tour routes and the source of water margins. [10]
Foods
- Shanxian lamb soup: The soup was first made in 1807. The taste is fresh but not mutton, and fragrant but not greasy. After more than 200 years of development and innovation of soup, it can be carried forward and accepted in many years. It is not only refreshing, but also functional in medicinal meal. [11]
- Peony cake: During a flower festival in which season when peonies are in full bloom, Wu Zetian led a maid to enjoy the flowers in the garden and ordered the maid to pluck a large number of flowers of various colors. After return to the palace, according to her design, she mashed them with rice, steaming them to make a cake known as the "hundred-flower cake" and used this dessert as a gift to officials.
- Pijia roast chicken: The sauce is in color red, and you can smell the rich roast chicken scent just a few feet away from the pot. Its outstanding characteristics are fresh, fragrant, and tender with consistent taste inside and out.
- Caozhou sesame cake: Its shape is round as a moon, tender inside with a crispy crust. Its ingredients include wheat essence powder, sesame oil, salt, pepper, fennel powder and other oil-based products.
Transportation
- Highway: China National Highway 220; China National Highway 105; [12] China National Highway 106; China National Highway 240; China National Highway 327
- Heze Mudan Airport opened on April 2, 2021.
- Conventional rail services call at Heze railway station, high-speed services call at Heze East railway station.
Famous people
- Ancient times: Fuxi, Yao, Shun, Song Jiang, Wu Yong, Cao Zhi
- Current: Peng Liyuan, Zhang Jizhong, Fan Shaohuang
Economy
Heze is the largest center in China for the cultivation of the "national flower" peony, after which the Mudan District was named. Over 30% of its GDP comes from the sale of peony.
Sister cities
References
- ^ 最新人口信息 www.hongheiku.com (in Chinese). hongheiku. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
- ^ "China: Shāndōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- ^ "Shandong Statistical Yearbook-2016". www.stats-sd.gov.cn.
- ^ "牡丹起源和发展历史变迁 _中国". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ^ "曹州牡丹园 - 菏泽旅游景点大全". wg365.org. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
- ^ "牌坊城里有瑰宝 清代石雕建筑百寿坊、百狮坊全国罕见 - 焦点新闻 - 菏泽频道 - 鲁网". heze.sdnews.com.cn. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
- ^ "郓城水浒好汉城". www.haohancheng.cn. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
- ^ "单县经典羊汤是非物质文化遗产".
- ^ Zhao, Jing; Wang, Linshen; Ye, Qing; Zhao, Qiang; Wei, Shutong (January 2022). "Association of Environmental Elements with Respondents' Behaviors in Open Spaces Using the Direct Gradient Analysis Method: A Case Study of Jining, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19 (14): 8494. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19148494. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 9316188. PMID 35886347.
- ^ "Sister Partnerships by US State – Asia Matters for America".
External links
- Official website (in Chinese)
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