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The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet represents Romance Ligurian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
b bödisson, Bàrboa bill
d veddro, cadello dill
[1] gianco, ongia, giærâva Jill
ʎ coniggio, figgeu, muâgia Jill or billion [2]
f safran, feliçitæ, stuffa fill
ɡ preghêa, mëgo, gregâ grill
k ancheu, credensa, quæxi skill
l lann-a, gallo lid
m mënda, famme mill
n n pinna, n nest
ŋ nn-a, donn-o [3] nest or ring [2]
ŋ tenpo, savon, gianda [3] ring
ɲ âgna, scignôro onion
p capriççi, päpêto spill
ɾ ɹ ingreize, rebelêa, spar atom ( American English) or barrel [2]
s s sêuxoo, paçiensa, pastiççê, nissêua sell
ʃ pescòu, pastiççê, sfròuxo sell or shell [2]
ʃ sciô, léscico, scerpa shell
t çittæ, töa, roêta still
masccio, ociâli, cêuve chill
v levòu, vailezzo veal
z z zenéize, mazzo, spozoéi zeal
ʒ desmentegâ, asbasciâ, deslengoâse zeal or leisure [2]
ʒ xo, scixèrboa, chixêximo leisure
 
Semivowels
IPA Examples English approximation
j scciapeuia, leitûga, ziàrdoa, socjêtæ young
w ægoa, ciammòu, quâgia well
Vowels [4]
IPA Examples English approximation
Short vowels
a mäveggia, babà, grasso brother
e ebrêo, öxello, avédise bait
ɛ bello, caffè, fænn-a [4] bet
i infinïo, piccin beet
ɔ o [1] votta, òspitòu, Ouröpa bald, but shorter
ø béuisccio, cheuscia, euggezzâ bird ( RP), but shorter
u môro, nasción, rotto bull
y cuggiæ, fumme, virtù cute ( Scotland)
Long vowels
mäveggia, cicchettâ, ociâli father
e j ebrêo, gêxâ, çëxetta bail
ɛː sæa, coæ, bæxinâ bear ( RP)
abaçîa, barbacïo, moî bead
ɔː stöia, öxello, dizö bald
øː nissêua, dêuviemmo, faxeu bird ( RP)
môro, servitô, dôçeménte tool
lettûa, dûo, aogûri feud ( Scotland)
 
Suprasegmentals
IPA Examples Explanation
ˈ sciughêa [ʃyˈɡeːa] primary stress
ˌ brûxabaracche [ˌbɾyːʒabaˈɾakːe] secondary stress
. létia [ˈleti.a] syllable break
ː Sann-a [ˈsaŋːa] half-long consonant [5]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Sounds listed on the right column occur in certain peripheral dialects.
  2. ^ a b c d e The latter realizations are most common in peripheric areas, such as Ventimiglia or southern Piedmont. In particular, [ ʃ and [ ʒ are occurrences of /s/ and /z/ before consonants In the Tabarchino dialect of Carloforte.
  3. ^ a b Like most other Northern Italian languages, Ligurian nasals never assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant, unlike in Standard Italian. [ŋ] is used in all nasal plus consonant clusters, and it may contrast with /n/ only before vowels (e.g. nn-a /ˈpeŋa/ 'sorrow' vs pénna /ˈpena/ 'quill').
  4. ^ a b All vowels can occur in both stressed or unstressed positions except short /ɛ/, which is always stressed.
  5. ^ Consonant and semivowel lengthening optionally occurs in paroxytones between a stressed short vowel and a vowel, and is represented in IPA by either doubling the consonant or through the ː marker (e.g. euggio [ˈøddʒu]/[ˈødːʒu]).

See also

External links

  • Toso, Fiorenzo. "liguri, dialetti" [Ligurian dialects]. Enciclopedia Treccani (in Italian).
  • Official Website for the Académia Ligùstica do Brénno (in Ligurian)