The name of the city comes from
Ancient Egyptian: (tꜣ)-grg.t,
lit. 'the settlement', which is also preserved in possibly corrupted
Coptic: ⲑⲁⲣϫⲉ, romanized: tarje and its alternative name Digirga.[2]
Some
Egyptologists such as
Brugsch believe that the name of the city derives from the ancient Egyptian word grg miri-amoun Ramessou which means "The establishment of
Ramesses II",[5] although
Daressy and
Budge identify the name with Coptic
Balyana near
Abydos.[3][4]
Through folk etymology the city became associated with
St. George and a now non-existent monastery dedicated to him nearby, hence
Leo Africanus calls it Giorgia and Pest suggests an older vocalisation Gurga.[2]
Overview
Girga was the capital of the Girga Governorate until 1960, when the capital was moved to
Sohag and the name of the governorate changed accordingly.[6] Girga has an estimated population of 71,564 (as of 1986) and has various economic industries which include cane sugar manufacturing and pottery.
History
The city might have been the location of ancient city of
Thinis (Greek name; also spelled This) - the first capital city of unified Egypt under
Narmer - as of 2023, it remains inconclusive whether Girga or nearby village of Birba is the site of Thinis (Birba was confirmed to be the site of the capital of Egypt during the 1st and 2nd dynasties[citation needed]).
There are ancient sites located on the territory of Girga including
Beit Khallaf, a necropolis with mudbrick tombs dating back to the 3rd dynasty.
Girga was the capital of Upper Egypt during
Ottoman rule.
In 1791,
Saint Yousab El Abah (also Joseph el-Abbah) was the bishop of the city.
In 1907 Girga had a population of 19,893, of whom about one-third were
Copts.
As lately as the middle of the 18th century the town stood about 0.4 km from the river, but in the beginning of the 20th century it stood on the bank, the intervening space having been washed away, together with a large part of the town, by the stream continually encroaching on its left bank.[7]
Places of worship
Mosques
Chinese Mosque (
Arabic: المسجد الصينى,
romanized: almasjid assini)
The mosque was presumably built in about 1150 AH (=
1737) in the historical district of al-Qaysariyya by Muhammad bey al-Faqari who became a governor in 1117 AH (= 1705/1706) in
Ottoman times. Although it is called Chinese, no materials imported from China were used in its construction, and it got its name after porcelain used in its decoration.
Monastery of Archangel Michael (
Arabic: دير الملاك ميخائيل,
romanized: dayr al-malak mikhail)
Situated on the right bank of the Nile opposite of Girga. Since 1910 this site has been celebrated among archaeologists, because the discoveries made there have shed light on the region's prehistory.[8]
Church of Archangel Michael (
Arabic: كنيسة الملاك ميخائيل,
romanized: kenisa al-malak mikhail)
Church of Saint George (
Arabic: كنيسة مارجرجس,
romanized: kenisa mar jirjis)
Church of Theodore Tiron (Arabic: كنيسة الأمير تادرس,
romanized: kenisa alamir tadrus)