The pertica (from Latin: pertica, measuring rod [1]) was a pre- metric unit of either length or area, with the values varying by location. For a similar unit in Northern Europe, see perch.
In the Ancient Rome, pertica, also called decempeda, [2] was a unit of length, usually equal to 10 Roman feet (pedes), or approximately 2.96 meters. [3] The variants of pertica contained 12 [4] and 15 [5] pedes. Isidore of Seville (per Codex Gudianus) states that sometimes a pertica of 10, 12, 15, or 17 pedes was used by agrimensores (Roman land surveyors) to accommodate the richness of the soil and approximately even the yield per unit area. [6] [7] Kidson [8] highlights the near-perfect match between the pertica of 17 pedes and the English version of the perch.
The same names, pertica and decempeda, were used for the surveyor's tool, a rod of the corresponding length with subdivision into smaller units, similar to the Ancient Greek kalamos. [9]
The linear unit in Italy was about 3 meters, area unit contained about 600 square meters. After switching to the metric system, the unit became equal to 1 decare. [3]
The regional area values significantly varied per province (in square meters): [10]