From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Day of the year
December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in
leap years ) in the
Gregorian calendar ; 10 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1620 –
Plymouth Colony :
William Bradford and the
Mayflower
Pilgrims land near what is now known as
Plymouth Rock in
Plymouth, Massachusetts .
1826 – American settlers in
Nacogdoches ,
Mexican Texas , declare their independence, starting the
Fredonian Rebellion .
1832 –
Egyptian–Ottoman War :
Egyptian forces decisively defeat
Ottoman troops at the
Battle of Konya .
1844 – The
Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers commences business at its
cooperative in
Rochdale , England,
starting the Cooperative movement .
1861 –
Medal of Honor : Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by
President
Abraham Lincoln .
1872 –
Challenger expedition :
HMS Challenger , commanded by Captain
George Nares , sails from
Portsmouth, England .
1879 – World premiere of
Henrik Ibsen 's
A Doll's House at the
Royal Theatre in
Copenhagen , Denmark.
1883 –
The Royal Canadian Dragoons and
The Royal Canadian Regiment , the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the
Canadian Army , are formed.
1891 –
James Naismith , a Canadian-American gym teacher at
Springfield College , publishes the first rules for the game now known as
basketball and brings it to his class, which then plays the first game of basketball.
[6]
[7]
1901–present
1907 – The
Chilean Army
commits a massacre of at least 2,000 striking
saltpeter miners in
Iquique ,
Chile .
[8]
1910 –
An underground explosion at the
Hulton Bank Colliery No. 3 Pit in
Over Hulton ,
Westhoughton , England, kills 344 miners.
1913 –
Arthur Wynne 's "word-cross", the first
crossword puzzle, is published in the
New York World .
1919 – American
anarchist
Emma Goldman is deported to Russia.
1923 – United Kingdom and
Nepal formally sign an agreement of friendship, called the
Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923 , which superseded the
Treaty of Sugauli signed in 1816.
1934 –
Lieutenant Kijé , one of
Sergei Prokofiev 's best-known works, premiered.
[9]
1936 – First flight of the
Junkers Ju 88 multi-role combat aircraft.
1937 –
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , the world's first full-length
animated feature, premieres at the
Carthay Circle Theatre .
1941 –
World War II : A
Thai-Japanese Pact of Alliance is signed.
1946 – An 8.1
Mw
earthquake and subsequent
tsunami in
Nankaidō , Japan, kills over 1,300 people and destroys over 38,000 homes.
1963 –
"Bloody Christmas" begins in Cyprus, ultimately resulting in the displacement of 25,000–30,000
Turkish Cypriots and destruction of more than 100 villages.
1965 –
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is adopted.
1967 –
Louis Washkansky , the first man to undergo a human-to-human
heart transplant , dies in
Cape Town , South Africa, having lived for 18 days after the transplant.
1968 –
Apollo program :
Apollo 8 is launched from the
Kennedy Space Center , placing its crew on a
lunar trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.
1970 – First flight of
F-14 multi-role combat aircraft.
1973 – The
Geneva Conference on the
Arab–Israeli conflict opens.
1979 –
Lancaster House Agreement : An independence agreement for
Rhodesia is signed in London by
Lord Carrington , Sir
Ian Gilmour ,
Robert Mugabe ,
Joshua Nkomo , Bishop
Abel Muzorewa and S.C. Mundawarara.
1988 – A bomb explodes on board
Pan Am Flight 103 over
Lockerbie ,
Dumfries and Galloway , Scotland, killing 270.
[10] This is to date the deadliest air disaster to occur on British soil.
1988 – The first flight of
Antonov An-225 Mriya , the largest aircraft in the world.
1991 –
Dissolution of the Soviet Union : The leaders of 11 now effectively autonomous Soviet republics sign the
Alma-Ata Protocol establishing the
Commonwealth of Independent States in place of the collapsing
Soviet Union .
[11]
1992 – A
Dutch
DC-10 , flight
Martinair MP 495 , crashes at
Faro Airport , killing 56.
1995 – The city of
Bethlehem passes from
Israeli to
Palestinian control.
1999 – The
Spanish Civil Guard intercepts a van loaded with 950 kg of explosives that
ETA intended to use to blow up
Torre Picasso in
Madrid , Spain.
1999 –
Cubana de Aviación Flight 1216 overshoots the runway at
La Aurora International Airport , killing 18.
[12]
2004 –
Iraq War : A
suicide bomber
kills 22 at the
forward operating base next to the main U.S. military airfield at
Mosul ,
Iraq , the single deadliest suicide attack on American soldiers.
2012 –
2012 phenomenon : Festivities are held in parts of Mesoamerica to commemorate the conclusion of b’ak’tun 13, a roughly 5,126-year-long cycle in the
Mesoamerican Long Count Calendar whose passing many
New Age spiritualists had earlier held to portend a variety of cataclysmic or transformative events.
[13]
2020 – A
great conjunction of
Jupiter and
Saturn occurs, with the two planets separated in the sky by 0.1 degrees. This is the closest conjunction between the two planets since 1623.
[14]
2023 – 14 people are killed and 25 others injured during
a mass shooting at
Charles University in
Prague ,
Czech Republic . The perpetrator, a student at the university, kills himself after police arrived; he also killed his father before the shooting.
[15]
Births
Pre-1600
968 –
Minamoto no Yorinobu , Japanese samurai (d. 1048)
1401 –
Masaccio , Italian painter (d. 1428)
[16]
1468 –
William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers , English baron (d. 1524)
1505 –
Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton , English politician (d. 1550)
[17]
1538 –
Luigi d'Este , Catholic cardinal (d. 1586)
1542 –
Thomas Allen , English mathematician and astrologer (d. 1632)
1550 –
Man Singh I , Mughal noble (d. 1614)
[18]
1596 –
Peter Mohyla , Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan and saint (d. 1646)
1601–1900
1603 –
Roger Williams , English minister, theologian, and politician, 9th
President of the Colony of Rhode Island (d. 1684)
1615 –
Benedict Arnold , Rhode Island colonial governor (d. 1678)
[19]
1672 –
Benjamin Schmolck , German pastor and composer (d. 1737)
1714 –
John Bradstreet , Canadian-English general (d. 1774)
1728 –
Hermann Raupach , German
harpsichord player and composer (d. 1778)
1778 –
Anders Sandøe Ørsted , Danish jurist and politician, 3rd
Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1860)
1795 –
Jack Russell , English priest, hunter, and dog breeder (d. 1883)
1795 –
Leopold von Ranke , German historian, author, and academic (d. 1886)
[20]
1803 –
Achille Vianelli , Italian painter and academic (d. 1894)
1804 –
Benjamin Disraeli , English lawyer and politician,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1881)
[21]
1805 –
Thomas Graham , Scottish chemist and academic (d. 1869)
1811 –
Archibald Tait , Scottish-English archbishop (d. 1882)
1815 –
Thomas Couture , French painter and educator (d. 1879)
1820 –
William H. Osborn , American businessman (d. 1894)
1830 –
Bartolomé Masó , Cuban soldier and politician (d. 1907)
1832 –
John H. Ketcham , American general and politician (d. 1906)
1840 –
Namık Kemal , Turkish journalist, playwright, and activist (d. 1888)
1843 –
Thomas Bracken , Irish-New Zealander journalist, poet, and politician (d. 1898)
1850 –
Zdeněk Fibich , Czech composer and poet (d. 1900)
1851 –
Thomas Chipman McRae , American lawyer and politician, 26th
Governor of Arkansas (d. 1929)
1857 –
Joseph Carruthers , Australian politician, 16th
Premier of New South Wales (d. 1932)
1859 –
Gustave Kahn , French poet and critic (d. 1936)
1866 –
Maud Gonne , Irish nationalist and political activist (d. 1953)
[22]
1868 –
George W. Fuller , American chemist and engineer (d. 1934)
1872 –
Trevor Kincaid , Canadian-American zoologist and academic (d. 1970)
1872 –
Lorenzo Perosi , Italian priest and composer (d. 1956)
1872 –
Albert Payson Terhune , American journalist and author (d. 1942)
1876 –
Jack Lang , Australian lawyer and politician, 23rd
Premier of New South Wales (d. 1975)
1877 –
Jaan Sarv , Estonian mathematician and scholar (d. 1954)
1878 –
Jan Łukasiewicz , Polish-Irish mathematician and philosopher (d. 1956)
1884 –
María Cadilla , Puerto Rican writer, educator, women's rights activist (d. 1951)
[23]
1885 –
Frank Patrick , Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1960)
1888 –
Jean Bouin , French runner and rugby player (d. 1914)
1889 –
Sewall Wright , American geneticist and biologist (d. 1988)
1890 –
Hermann Joseph Muller , American geneticist and biologist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
1891 –
John William McCormack , American lawyer and politician, 53rd
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1980)
1892 –
Walter Hagen , American golfer (d. 1969)
1892 –
Rebecca West , English journalist and author (d. 1983)
1896 –
Konstantin Rokossovsky , Marshal of the Soviet Union during World War II (d. 1968)
1900 –
Luis Arturo González López , Guatemalan supreme court judge and briefly acting president (d. 1965)
1901–present
1905 –
Käte Fenchel , German mathematician (d. 1983)
[24]
1905 –
Anthony Powell , English author (d. 2000)
[25]
1909 –
Seichō Matsumoto , Japanese journalist and author (d. 1992)
1911 –
Josh Gibson , American baseball player (d. 1947)
[26]
1913 –
Arnold Friberg , American illustrator and painter (d. 2010)
1914 –
Frank Fenner , Australian microbiologist and virologist (d. 2010)
1917 –
Heinrich Böll , German novelist and short story writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)
1918 –
Donald Regan , American colonel and politician, 11th
White House Chief of Staff (d. 2003)
1918 –
Kurt Waldheim , Austrian colonel and politician; 9th
President of Austria (d. 2007)
[27]
1919 –
Doug Young , American voice actor (d. 2018)
1920 –
Alicia Alonso , Cuban ballerina and choreographer, founded the
Cuban National Ballet (d. 2019)
1920 –
Adele Goldstine , American computer programmer (d. 1964)
[28]
1922 –
Itubwa Amram , Nauruan pastor and politician (d. 1989)
1922 –
Cécile DeWitt-Morette , French mathematician and physicist (d. 2017)
[29]
1922 –
Paul Winchell , American actor, voice artist, and ventriloquist (d. 2005)
1923 –
Wat Misaka , American basketball player (d. 2019)
[30]
1926 –
Arnošt Lustig , Czech author and playwright (d. 2011)
1926 –
Joe Paterno , American football player and coach (d. 2012)
[26]
1930 –
Phil Roman , American animator
[31]
1932 –
U. R. Ananthamurthy , Indian author, poet, and critic (d. 2014)
1932 –
Edward Hoagland , American author and critic
1933 –
Jackie Hendriks , Jamaican cricketer
1933 –
Robert Worcester , American businessman and academic, founded
MORI
1934 –
Giuseppina Leone , Italian sprinter
1934 –
Hanif Mohammad , Pakistani cricketer (d. 2016)
1935 –
John G. Avildsen , American director, producer, and cinematographer (d. 2017)
1935 –
Lorenzo Bandini , Italian racing driver (d. 1967)
1935 –
Phil Donahue , American talk show host and producer
[32]
1935 –
Stela Popescu , Romanian actress (d. 2017)
1935 –
Edward Schreyer , Canadian academic and politician,
Governor General of Canada
[33]
1937 –
Jane Fonda , American actress and activist
[34]
1938 –
Larry Bryggman , American actor
[32]
1939 –
Lloyd Axworthy , Canadian academic and politician, 2nd
Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs
1939 –
Wafic Saïd , Syrian-Saudi Arabian financier, businessman and philanthropist
1940 –
Frank Zappa , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, composer and producer (d. 1993)
[26]
1942 –
Hu Jintao , Chinese engineer and politician, 5th
Paramount leader of China
[26]
1942 –
Carla Thomas , American singer
[32]
1943 –
Albert Lee , English guitarist and songwriter
[32]
1943 –
Walter Spanghero , French rugby player
1944 –
Michael Tilson Thomas , American pianist, composer, and conductor
1944 –
Zheng Xiaoyu , Chinese diplomat (d. 2007)
1945 –
Doug Walters , Australian cricketer
1946 –
Roy Karch , American director, producer, and screenwriter
1946 –
Carl Wilson , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1998)
[26]
1947 –
Paco de Lucía , Spanish guitarist, songwriter, and producer (d. 2014)
1948 –
Barry Gordon , American actor and voice artist; longest-serving president of the Screen Actors Guild (1988–95)
1948 –
Samuel L. Jackson , American actor and producer
[32]
1948 –
Dave Kingman , American baseball player
1949 –
Thomas Sankara , Burkinabé captain and politician, 5th
President of Burkina Faso (d. 1987)
1949 –
Nikolaos Sifounakis , Greek lawyer and politician
1950 –
Jeffrey Katzenberg , American screenwriter and producer, co-founded
DreamWorks Animation
[26]
1950 –
Max Maven , American magician and mentalist (d. 2022)
1950 –
Lillebjørn Nilsen , Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1951 –
Steve Perryman , English footballer and manager
1952 –
Joaquín Andújar , Dominican baseball player (d. 2015)
1952 –
Dennis Boutsikaris , American actor
[32]
1952 –
Steve Furniss , American swimmer
1953 –
András Schiff , Hungarian-English pianist and conductor
1953 –
Betty Wright , American singer-songwriter (d. 2020)
[35]
1954 –
Chris Evert , American tennis player and coach
[36]
1955 –
Jane Kaczmarek , American actress
[32]
1955 –
Kazuyuki Sekiguchi , Japanese singer-songwriter and bass player
1956 –
Dave Laut , American shot putter (d. 2009)
1957 –
Ray Romano , American actor, producer, and screenwriter
[32]
1957 –
Tony Lewis , English singer and songwriter (d. 2020)
[37]
1958 –
Tamara Bykova , Russian high jumper
1959 –
Florence Griffith Joyner , American sprinter and actress (d. 1998)
[26]
1959 –
Krishnamachari Srikkanth , Indian cricketer
1960 –
Sherry Rehman , Pakistani journalist, politician, and diplomat, 25th
Pakistan Ambassador to the United States
1961 –
Ryuji Sasai , Japanese bass player and composer
1963 –
Govinda , Indian actor, singer, and politician
1964 –
Kunihiko Ikuhara , Japanese director and illustrator
1964 –
Joe Kocur , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1965 –
Glenn Coleman , Australian rugby league player
1965 –
Andy Dick , American actor and comedian
[38]
1965 –
Anke Engelke , Canadian-German actress, director, and screenwriter
1966 –
Michelle Hurd , American actress
[32]
1966 –
William Ruto , 5th
President of Kenya
[26]
1966 –
Kiefer Sutherland , British-Canadian actor, director, and producer
[39]
1967 –
Terry Mills , American basketball player and coach
1967 –
Mikheil Saakashvili , Georgian lawyer and politician, 3rd
President of Georgia
[40]
1969 –
Julie Delpy , French model, actress, director, and screenwriter
[32]
1969 –
Mihails Zemļinskis , Latvian footballer, coach, and manager
1971 –
Matthieu Chedid , French singer-songwriter and guitarist
1971 –
Natalie Grant , American singer-songwriter and author
[32]
1972 –
Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy , Indian Politician, 17th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
1973 –
Irakli Alasania , Georgian colonel and politician,
Georgian Minister of Defense
1973 –
Matías Almeyda , Argentine footballer and manager
1974 –
Karrie Webb , Australian golfer
1975 –
Paloma Herrera , Argentine ballerina
1977 –
Buddy Carlyle , American baseball player
[41]
1977 –
Corey Collymore , Barbadian cricketer
[42]
1977 –
Leon MacDonald , New Zealand rugby player
1977 –
Emmanuel Macron , French politician, 25th
President of France
[43]
1977 –
Freddy Sanchez , American baseball player
[44]
1978 –
Emiliano Brembilla , Italian swimmer
1978 –
Charles Dera , American pornographic actor, dancer, model, and mixed martial arts fighter
1978 –
Shaun Morgan , South African musician, singer, and guitarist
1978 –
Rutina Wesley , American actress
[32]
1979 –
Steve Montador , Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
1981 –
Marta Fernández , Spanish basketball player
[45]
1981 –
Cristian Zaccardo , Italian footballer
1982 –
Primo Colón , Puerto Rican wrestler
[46]
1982 –
Philip Humber , American baseball player
1982 –
Tom Payne , English actor
[26]
1983 –
Taylor Teagarden , American baseball player
[47]
1983 –
Steven Yeun , American actor
[32]
1985 –
Tom Sturridge , English actor
1987 –
Khris Davis , American baseball player
[48]
1988 –
Danny Duffy , American baseball player
[49]
1988 –
Perri Shakes-Drayton , English sprinter and hurdler
1989 –
Mark Ingram II , American football player
[50]
1989 –
Tamannaah , Indian actress
1991 –
Nic Maddinson , Australian cricketer
[51]
1991 –
Otis , American wrestler
[52]
1991 –
Riccardo Saponara , Italian footballer
1992 –
Ha Ha Clinton-Dix , American football player
[53]
1992 –
Jamie Oleksiak , Canadian ice hockey player
[54]
1994 –
Luke Brooks , Australian rugby league player
[55]
1996 –
Kaitlyn Dever , American actress
[32]
1997 –
Madelyn Cline , American actress and model
[26]
1997 –
Charlie McAvoy , American ice hockey player
[56]
2002 –
Clara Tauson , Danish tennis player
[57]
Deaths
Pre-1600
AD 72 –
Thomas the Apostle , Roman martyr and saint (b. 1 AD)
882 –
Hincmar , French archbishop and historian (b. 806)
956 –
Sun Sheng , Chinese chancellor
975 –
Al-Mu'izz , Fatimid caliph (b. 932)
1001 –
Hugh of Tuscany , Italian margrave (b. 950)
1215 –
Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid ,
Dāʿī al-Muṭlaq of
Tayyibi Isma'ilism (b. c. 1128)
[58]
1308 –
Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (b. 1244)
1338 –
Thomas Hemenhale , bishop of Worcester
1362 –
Constantine III , king of Armenia (b. 1313)
1375 –
Giovanni Boccaccio , Italian author and poet (b. 1313)
1504 –
Berthold von Henneberg , German archbishop (b. 1442)
1536 –
John Seymour , English courtier (b. 1474)
1549 –
Marguerite de Navarre , queen of
Henry II of Navarre (b. 1492)
1581 –
Jean de la Cassière , 51st Grandmaster of the
Knights Hospitaller (b. 1502)
1597 –
Peter Canisius , Dutch priest and saint (b. 1521)
1601–1900
1901–present
1920 –
Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , leader of the
Dervish movement (b. 1856)
1929 –
I. L. Patterson , American politician, 18th
Governor of Oregon (b. 1859)
1933 –
Knud Rasmussen , Greenlandic anthropologist and explorer (b. 1879)
1935 –
Ted Birnie , English footballer and manager (b. 1878)
1935 –
Kurt Tucholsky , German-Swedish journalist and author (b. 1890)
1937 –
Violette Neatley Anderson , American judge (b. 1882)
[59]
1937 –
Ted Healy , American comedian and actor (b. 1896)
1937 –
Frank B. Kellogg , American lawyer and politician, 45th
United States Secretary of State ,
Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1856)
1940 –
F. Scott Fitzgerald , American novelist and short story writer (b. 1896)
1945 –
George S. Patton , American general (b. 1885)
1948 –
Władysław Witwicki , Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator, historian (of philosophy and art) and artist (b. 1878)
[60]
1952 –
Kenneth Edwards , American golfer (b. 1886)
1953 –
Kaarlo Koskelo , Finnish-American wrestler and businessman (b. 1888)
1957 –
Eric Coates , English viola player and composer (b. 1886)
1958 –
H.B. Warner , English actor (b. 1875)
1958 –
Lion Feuchtwanger , German-American author and playwright (b. 1884)
1959 –
Rosanjin , Japanese calligrapher, engraver, and painter (b. 1883)
1963 –
Jack Hobbs , English cricketer and journalist (b. 1882)
1964 –
Carl Van Vechten , American author and photographer (b. 1880)
[61]
1965 –
Claude Champagne , Canadian violinist, pianist, and composer (b. 1891)
1968 –
Vittorio Pozzo , Italian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1886)
1974 –
Richard Long , American actor and director (b. 1927)
1982 –
Abu Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri , Pakistani poet and composer (b. 1900)
1983 –
Paul de Man , Belgian-born philosopher, literary critic and theorist (b. 1919)
1988 –
Nikolaas Tinbergen , Dutch-English ethologist and ornithologist,
Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1907)
1992 –
Stella Adler , American actress and educator (b. 1901)
[62]
1992 –
Albert King , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1924)
1992 –
Nathan Milstein , Russian-American violinist and composer (b. 1903)
1998 –
Ernst-Günther Schenck , German colonel and physician (b. 1904)
2004 –
Autar Singh Paintal , Indian physiologist and neurologist (b. 1925)
2006 –
Saparmurat Niyazov , Turkmen engineer and politician, 1st
President of Turkmenistan (b. 1940)
2009 –
Edwin G. Krebs , American biochemist and academic,
Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
2009 –
Christos Lambrakis , Greek journalist and businessman (b. 1934)
2010 –
Enzo Bearzot , Italian footballer and manager (b. 1927)
2013 –
Edgar Bronfman, Sr. , Canadian-American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1929)
2013 –
John Eisenhower , American historian, general, and diplomat, 45th
United States Ambassador to Belgium (b. 1922)
2014 –
Udo Jürgens , Austrian-Swiss singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1934)
2014 –
Sitor Situmorang , Indonesian poet and author (b. 1923)
2014 –
Billie Whitelaw , English actress (b. 1932)
[63]
2017 –
Bruce McCandless II , US astronaut who conducted the first untethered spacewalk (b. 1937)
2019 –
Andrew Clennel Palmer , British engineer (b. 1938)
[64]
Holidays and observances
References
^ Sandler, Stanley (2002).
Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO. p. 923.
ISBN
978-1-57607-344-5 .
^ Levillain, Philippe (2002).
The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies . Psychology Press. p. 732.
ISBN
978-0-415-92230-2 .
^ Toynbee, Paget Jackson (1910).
Dante Alighieri: His Life and Works . London: Methuen. p. 2.
ISBN
9780827438156 .
OCLC
8059335 ; Hüsken, Wim (2021). "Mirror, Mirror on the Wall... History in Late Medieval Drama From the Low Countries". In Happé, Peter; Hüsken, Wim N.M. (eds.).
Staging History: Essays in Late Medieval and Humanist Drama . Leiden: Brill Rodopi. p. 148.
ISBN
9789004449497 .
^ Rachewiltz, Igor de; Wang, May (1993).
In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200-1300) . Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 23.
ISBN
978-3-447-03339-8 .
^ Prieto Pastén, Andrés I. (2021). "Empathy with the Mapuche: Rosales's Manifiesto apologético and Pineda y Bascuñán's Cautiverio feliz". In López-Calvo, Ignacio (ed.).
A History of Chilean Literature . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–80.
ISBN
9781108487375 .
^ Griffiths, Sian (20 September 2019).
"The Canadian who invented basketball" .
BBC . Retrieved 21 December 2023 .
^ Naismith, James (1941). Basketball: Its Origin and Development . New York City: Association Press. pp. 53–59.
^ Hoehn, Marek (2007). "Una visión comparativa sobre la huelga de Santa María de Iquique y el legado de los movimientos obreros de la época". In Vásquez, David (ed.). La Masacre de la Escuela Santa María de Iquique: Mirada Histórica desde la Cámara de Diputados (in Spanish). Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. p. 110.
ISBN
978-956-7629-04-6 . Ya es sabido que dicha huelga culminó en la masacre de más de dos mil obreros en la escuela Santa María
^ MacDonald, Laurence E. (2013).
The Invisible Art of Film Music: A Comprehensive History . New York: The Scarecrow Press. p. 35.
ISBN
978-0-8108-8397-0 .
^
"Lockerbie bombing suspect in US custody" . BBC News . 11 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022 .
^ Fedor, Helen (1995). Belarus and Moldova: Country Studies (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.:
Federal Research Division . p. 195.
ISBN
0844408492 .
^ Ranter, Harro.
"ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 F-GTDI Guatemala City-La Aurora Airport (GUA)" . aviation-safety.net . Retrieved 2019-09-20 .
^ Alper, Alexandra (21 December 2012).
"Celebrations in Mexico as world survives Maya "end of days" " .
Reuters . Retrieved 21 December 2023 .
^
"See the Great Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, 21 December 2020" . BBC Sky at Night Magazine . Retrieved 2020-11-29 .
^
"A lone gunman opens fire in a Prague university, killing 15 people and injuring 24" . AP News . 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023 .
^ Bruce Cole (1980).
Masaccio and the art of early Renaissance Florence . Indiana University Press. p.
108 .
ISBN
978-0-253-12298-8 .
^ Ann Hoffmann (1977).
Lives of the Tudor Age, 1485-1603 . Barnes & Noble Books. p.
476 .
ISBN
978-0-06-494331-4 .
^ Rajiva Nain Prasad (1966).
Raja Mān Singh of Amber . World Press. p. 19.
ISBN
9780842614733 .
^
The American Quarterly Register . The Society. 1841. p. 276.
^ Andreas D Boldt (29 March 2019).
Leopold Von Ranke: A Biography . Taylor & Francis. p. 22.
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External links