American physiologist and Nobel laureate 2021
David Jay Julius (born November 4, 1955) is an American
physiologist and
Nobel Prize laureate known for his work on
molecular mechanisms of
pain sensation and heat, including the characterization of the
TRPV1 and
TRPM8 receptors that detect
capsaicin ,
menthol , and temperature. He is a professor at the
University of California, San Francisco .
Julius won the 2010
Shaw Prize in
Life Science and
Medicine and the 2020
Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences .
[2]
[3] He was awarded the
2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with
Ardem Patapoutian .
[4]
Early life and education
Julius was born to an
Ashkenazi Jewish family (from Russia) in
Brighton Beach ,
Brooklyn , New York City,
[5] where he attended
Abraham Lincoln High School .
[6] He earned his undergraduate degree from
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1977. He attained his doctorate from
University of California, Berkeley in 1984, under joint supervision of
Jeremy Thorner and
Randy Schekman , where he identified
Kex2 as the founding member of
furin -like
proprotein convertases .
[7] In 1989, he completed his
post-doctoral training with
Richard Axel at
Columbia University where he cloned and characterized the serotonin 1c receptor.
[8]
While at Berkeley and Columbia, Julius became interested in how
psilocybin mushrooms and
lysergic acid diethylamide work, which led him to look more broadly into how things from nature interact with human receptors.
[6]
Research career
Nobel Prize work
He started his career as faculty at the
University of California, San Francisco in 1989.
[9]
[10] In 1997, Julius's lab cloned and characterized
TRPV1 which is the receptor that detects
capsaicin , the chemical in
chili peppers that makes them "hot".
[11] They found that
TRPV1 also detects noxious heat (
thermoception ).
[11]
[12] TRPV1 is part of a large family of structurally related
TRP (transient receptor potential) cation channels. Animals that lack TRPV1 (using genetic knockouts of the protein) lose sensitivity to noxious heat and capsaicin.
[13]
Julius's lab has also cloned and characterized
TRPM8 (CMR1) and
TRPA1 , both members of the
TRP superfamily. They demonstrated that TRPM8 detects
menthol and cooler temperatures
[14]
[15] and
TRPA1 detects
mustard oil (allyl isothiocyanate).
[16] These observations suggested that TRP channels detect a range of temperatures and chemicals. David Julius's lab has also made contributions to the study of
nociception by discovering toxins that modulate these channels,
[17] describing unique adaptations of the channels in diverse species
[18] and solving the
cryo-EM structures of numerous channels.
[19]
[20]
Julius in 2022
From 2007–2020 Julius served as the editor of the peer-reviewed journal the
Annual Review of Physiology .
[21]
[22]
Awards
In 2000, Julius was awarded the inaugural
Perl-UNC Neuroscience Prize for his work on cloning the
capsaicin receptor . In 2010, he won the
Shaw Prize for his work identifying the
ion channels involved in various aspects of
nociception . In 2014, he was honored by
Johnson & Johnson with the
Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research for discovering the molecular basis for pain and thermosensation. In 2017, he won the
Gairdner Foundation International Award
[23] and the
HFSP Nakasone Award .
[24] He has also been awarded the 2010
Prince of Asturias Prize for
Technical and Scientific Research , the 2020
Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences ,
[25] and the 2020
Kavli Prize in Neuroscience (together with
Ardem Patapoutian )
[26] and the 2020
BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award .
[27]
In 2021, he was awarded the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with
Ardem Patapoutian for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.
[28]
See also
References
^
"Julius Lab at UCSF Mission Bay | David Julius Lab" .
Archived from the original on May 23, 2013. Retrieved November 30, 2013 .
^
"Julius Named to Receive the Shaw Prize" . ucsf.edu .
Archived from the original on April 29, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2016 .
^
"David Julius, PhD 49th Faculty Research Lecture Award" . senate.ucsf.edu .
Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2016 .
^
"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021" . NobelPrize.org .
Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021 .
^ Hanau, Shira (October 4, 2021).
"Scientist David Julius, whose grandparents fled antisemitism in Czarist Russia, wins Nobel Prize in medicine" . Jewish Telegraphic Agency . Retrieved October 4, 2021 .
^
a
b Mueller, Benjamin; Santora, Marc; Engelbrecht, Cora (October 4, 2021).
"Nobel Prize Awarded for Research About Temperature and Touch" . New York Times . Retrieved October 5, 2021 .
^ Julius, David Jay (1984). Protein Processing and Secretion in Yeast: Biosynthesis of Alpha-Factor Mating Pheromone (Ph.D. thesis).
University of California, Berkeley .
OCLC
21756165 .
ProQuest
303332941 .
^ Julius, D.; MacDermott, A. B.; Axel, R.; Jessell, T. M. (July 29, 1988). "Molecular characterization of a functional cDNA encoding the serotonin 1c receptor". Science . 241 (4865): 558–564.
Bibcode :
1988Sci...241..558J .
doi :
10.1126/science.3399891 .
ISSN
0036-8075 .
PMID
3399891 .
^
"David Julius '77 shares the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine" . MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Retrieved October 7, 2021 .
^
"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021" . NobelPrize.org . Retrieved October 7, 2021 .
^
a
b Caterina, M. J.; Schumacher, M. A.; Tominaga, M.; Rosen, T. A.; Levine, J. D.; Julius, D. (October 23, 1997).
"The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway" . Nature . 389 (6653): 816–824.
Bibcode :
1997Natur.389..816C .
doi :
10.1038/39807 .
ISSN
0028-0836 .
PMID
9349813 .
S2CID
7970319 .
^ Tominaga, M.; Caterina, M. J.; Malmberg, A. B.; Rosen, T. A.; Gilbert, H.; Skinner, K.; Raumann, B. E.; Basbaum, A. I.; Julius, D. (September 1998).
"The cloned capsaicin receptor integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli" . Neuron . 21 (3): 531–543.
doi :
10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80564-4 .
ISSN
0896-6273 .
PMID
9768840 .
S2CID
2054891 .
^ Caterina, M. J.; Leffler, A.; Malmberg, A. B.; Martin, W. J.; Trafton, J.; Petersen-Zeitz, K. R.; Koltzenburg, M.; Basbaum, A. I.; Julius, D. (April 14, 2000). "Impaired nociception and pain sensation in mice lacking the capsaicin receptor". Science . 288 (5464): 306–313.
Bibcode :
2000Sci...288..306C .
doi :
10.1126/science.288.5464.306 .
ISSN
0036-8075 .
PMID
10764638 .
^ McKemy, David D.; Neuhausser, Werner M.; Julius, David (March 7, 2002). "Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP channels in thermosensation". Nature . 416 (6876): 52–58.
Bibcode :
2002Natur.416...52M .
doi :
10.1038/nature719 .
ISSN
0028-0836 .
PMID
11882888 .
S2CID
4340358 .
^ Bautista, Diana M.; Siemens, Jan; Glazer, Joshua M.; Tsuruda, Pamela R.; Basbaum, Allan I.; Stucky, Cheryl L.; Jordt, Sven-Eric; Julius, David (July 12, 2007). "The menthol receptor TRPM8 is the principal detector of environmental cold". Nature . 448 (7150): 204–208.
Bibcode :
2007Natur.448..204B .
doi :
10.1038/nature05910 .
ISSN
1476-4687 .
PMID
17538622 .
S2CID
4427901 .
^ Jordt, Sven-Eric; Bautista, Diana M.; Chuang, Huai-Hu; McKemy, David D.; Zygmunt, Peter M.; Högestätt, Edward D.; Meng, Ian D.; Julius, David (January 15, 2004). "Mustard oils and cannabinoids excite sensory nerve fibres through the TRP channel ANKTM1". Nature . 427 (6971): 260–265.
Bibcode :
2004Natur.427..260J .
doi :
10.1038/nature02282 .
ISSN
1476-4687 .
PMID
14712238 .
S2CID
4354737 .
^ Bohlen, Christopher J.; Chesler, Alexander T.; Sharif-Naeini, Reza; Medzihradszky, Katalin F.; Zhou, Sharleen; King, David; Sánchez, Elda E.; Burlingame, Alma L.; Basbaum, Allan I. (November 16, 2011).
"A heteromeric Texas coral snake toxin targets acid-sensing ion channels to produce pain" . Nature . 479 (7373): 410–414.
Bibcode :
2011Natur.479..410B .
doi :
10.1038/nature10607 .
ISSN
1476-4687 .
PMC
3226747 .
PMID
22094702 .
^ Gracheva, Elena O.; Ingolia, Nicholas T.; Kelly, Yvonne M.; Cordero-Morales, Julio F.; Hollopeter, Gunther; Chesler, Alexander T.; Sánchez, Elda E.; Perez, John C.; Weissman, Jonathan S. (April 15, 2010).
"Molecular basis of infrared detection by snakes" . Nature . 464 (7291): 1006–1011.
Bibcode :
2010Natur.464.1006G .
doi :
10.1038/nature08943 .
ISSN
1476-4687 .
PMC
2855400 .
PMID
20228791 .
^ Liao, Maofu; Cao, Erhu; Julius, David; Cheng, Yifan (December 5, 2013).
"Structure of the TRPV1 ion channel determined by electron cryo-microscopy" . Nature . 504 (7478): 107–112.
Bibcode :
2013Natur.504..107L .
doi :
10.1038/nature12822 .
ISSN
1476-4687 .
PMC
4078027 .
PMID
24305160 .
^ Cao, Erhu; Liao, Maofu; Cheng, Yifan; Julius, David (December 5, 2013).
"TRPV1 structures in distinct conformations reveal activation mechanisms" . Nature . 504 (7478): 113–118.
Bibcode :
2013Natur.504..113C .
doi :
10.1038/nature12823 .
ISSN
1476-4687 .
PMC
4023639 .
PMID
24305161 .
^ Julius, David (2007). "David Julius for the ARP Editorial Committee". Annual Review of Physiology . 69 .
doi :
10.1146/annurev.ph.69.013107.100001 .
^
"Editor of the Annual Review of Physiology - Volume 82, 2020" . Annual Reviews . Retrieved July 26, 2021 .
^
"David Julius – Gairdner Foundation" . Gairdner Foundation .
Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2018 .
^
"The 2017 HFSP Nakasone Award goes to David Julius | Human Frontier Science Program" . www.hfsp.org . Archived from
the original on November 9, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2018 .
^
"Breakthrough Prize – Winners Of The 2020 Breakthrough Prize In Life Sciences, Fundamental Physics And Mathematics Announced" . breakthroughprize.org .
Archived from the original on December 14, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2021 .
^
"2020 Kavli Prize in Neuroscience" . www.kavliprize.org . Archived from
the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020 .
^
"homepage" . Premios Fronteras .
Archived from the original on September 21, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021 .
^
"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021" . NobelPrize.org .
Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021 .
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