• Heads of state of former unrecognized countries‎ (3 C, 7 P)
• Kings of Italian states‎ (8 C, 2 P)

*

• Presidents by former country‎ (12 C, 16 P)

A

• Heads of state of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan‎ (1 P)
• Kings of Adiabene‎ (8 P)
• Ahom kings‎ (39 P)
• Kings of Akkad‎ (4 C, 5 P)
• Ancient Greek monarchs‎ (10 C, 52 P)
• Ancient Greek tyrants‎ (4 C, 42 P)
• Ancient Roman heads of state‎ (3 C)
• Aq Qoyunlu rulers‎ (2 C, 1 P)
• Aragonese monarchs‎ (10 C, 1 P)
• Aramean kings‎ (6 C, 4 P)
• Monarchs of Armenia‎ (3 C)
• Ashanti monarchs‎ (24 P)
• Assyrian kings‎ (20 C, 8 P)
• Khans of Astrakhan‎ (10 P)
• Rulers of Atropatene‎ (14 P)
• Kings of Axum‎ (38 P)
• Kings of Ayutthaya‎ (34 P)

B

• Kings of Babylon‎ (19 C, 7 P)
• Margraves of Baden‎ (4 C, 25 P)
• Baekje monarchs‎ (34 P)
• Bahmani Sultans‎ (11 P)
• Balhae monarchs‎ (16 P)
• Dukes of Bavaria‎ (13 C)
• Kings of Bavaria‎ (4 C, 9 P)
• Rulers of Bengal‎ (11 C, 35 P)
• Sultans of Bijapur‎ (9 P)
• Monarchs of Bithynia‎ (3 C, 13 P)
• Monarchs of Bohemia‎ (15 C, 8 P)
• Monarchs of the Bosporan Kingdom‎ (1 C, 54 P)
• Brazilian emperors‎ (2 C, 2 P)
• Regents of Bulgaria‎ (13 P)
• Buyeo monarchs‎ (5 P)
• Byzantine emperors‎ (15 C, 4 P)

C

• Caliphs‎ (29 C, 4 P)
• Monarchs of Cappadocia‎ (1 C, 2 P)
• Monarchs of Carthage‎ (9 P)
• Castilian monarchs‎ (8 C, 2 P)
• Heads of state of the Federal Republic of Central America‎ (14 P)
• Monarchs of Ceylon‎ (2 P)
• Kings of Champa‎ (1 C, 74 P)
• Chera kings‎ (1 C, 8 P)
• Regents of China‎ (9 C, 7 P)
• Chinese monarchs‎ (22 C, 19 P)
• Chobanids‎ (16 P)
• Chola monarchs‎ (2 C, 1 P)
• Roman client monarchs‎ (8 C, 99 P)
• Rulers of Cochin‎ (21 P)
• Presidents of Gran Colombia‎ (1 C, 7 P)
• Crimean khans‎ (4 C, 2 P)
• Croatian monarchs‎ (3 C, 2 P)
• Presidents of Czechoslovakia‎ (3 C, 12 P)

D

• Dacian kings‎ (20 P)
• Kings of Dahomey‎ (18 P)
• Sultans of Delhi‎ (4 C, 4 P)
• Rulers of Dubai‎ (12 P)
• Dukes of Courland‎ (12 P)

E

• Heads of state of East Germany‎ (1 C, 13 P)
• Egyptian monarchs‎ (11 C)
• Emperors of Tibet‎ (15 P)
• Heads of state of England‎ (5 C, 3 P)
• Monarchs of Epirus‎ (1 C)
• Eponymous archons‎ (29 P)
• Emperors of Ethiopia‎ (10 C, 24 P)

F

• Kings of Fiji‎ (4 P)
• Directeurs of the First French Republic‎ (13 P)
• Regents of France‎ (2 C, 25 P)
• French monarchs‎ (8 C, 5 P)
• Governors of French India‎ (67 P)
• Funj sultans‎ (14 P)

G

• Gaya monarchs‎ (11 P)
• Doges of Genoa‎ (5 C, 3 P)
• Heads of state of Genoa‎ (2 C, 2 P)
• Monarchs of Georgia‎ (16 C, 5 P)
• German monarchs‎ (24 C, 8 P)
• Kings of Gibe‎ (12 P)
• Gija Joseon rulers‎ (3 P)
• Goguryeo monarchs‎ (1 C, 29 P)
• Gojoseon monarchs‎ (3 C, 1 P)
• Sultans of Golconda‎ (4 P)
• Goryeo monarchs‎ (6 C, 3 P)
• Monarchs of Great Britain‎ (4 C, 4 P)

H

• Emirs of Harar‎ (12 P)
• Monarchs of the Hawaiian Islands‎ (2 C, 9 P)
• Hazaraspids‎ (2 C, 2 P)
• Kings of Hejaz‎ (2 P)
• Holy Roman Emperors‎ (3 C, 3 P)
• Hoysala kings‎ (13 P)
• Hungarian monarchs‎ (1 C, 24 P)
• Hurrian kings‎ (16 P)

I

• Illyrian kings‎ (21 P)
• Emperors of India‎ (4 C, 7 P)
• Indian empresses‎ (5 C, 8 P)
• Indian Buddhist monarchs‎ (7 C, 21 P)
• Indian maharajas‎ (18 C, 13 P)
• Indian monarchs‎ (29 C, 42 P)
• Indo-Scythian kings‎ (1 C, 16 P)
• Kings of Iraq‎ (1 C, 5 P)
• Irish kings‎ (26 C, 8 P)
• Italian monarchs‎ (10 C, 7 P)

J

• Kings of Jaffna‎ (24 P)
• Jalayirids‎ (14 P)
• Regents of Japan‎ (2 C, 31 P)
• Jat rulers‎ (5 C, 9 P)
• Kings of Jerusalem‎ (1 C, 20 P)
• Jiedushi of Vietnam‎ (1 C, 7 P)
• Joseon monarchs‎ (7 C, 3 P)

K

• Khans of Kalat‎ (13 P)
• Qara Qoyunlu rulers‎ (2 C, 1 P)
• Sultans of Kashmir‎ (13 P)
• Kazakh khans‎ (16 P)
• Khwarezmid rulers‎ (14 P)
• Princes of Kiev‎ (4 P)
• Khans of Kokand‎ (14 P)
• Korean Empire emperors‎ (2 P)
• Korean monarchs‎ (16 C, 5 P)

L

• Kings of Ladakh‎ (9 P)
• Leonese monarchs‎ (5 C, 2 P)
• Rulers of Leqa Naqamte‎ (3 P)
• Kings of Lydia‎ (3 C, 13 P)

M

• Madurai nayaks‎ (5 P)
• Monarchs of the Mahan confederacy‎ (9 P)
• Rulers of Malwa‎ (3 C, 4 P)
• Monarchs of the Isle of Man‎ (1 C, 57 P)
• Maratha kings‎ (1 C, 9 P)
• Mauryan emperors‎ (1 C, 10 P)
• Meitei royalty‎ (3 C, 18 P)
• Monarchs of Mewar‎ (1 C, 37 P)
• Monarchs of Moldavia‎ (4 C, 113 P)
• Monarchs of the Bulgars‎ (6 C, 16 P)
• Monarchs of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom‎ (7 P)
• Monarchs of the Sasanian Empire‎ (5 C, 2 P)
• Mongol khans‎ (8 C, 6 P)
• Regents of Mongolia‎ (3 P)
• Mayors of Moresnet‎ (8 P)
• Mughal emperors‎ (3 C, 25 P)
• Kings of Mysore‎ (2 C, 31 P)

N

• Nanda emperors‎ (2 P)
• Presidents of the National Convention‎ (57 P)
• Navarrese monarchs‎ (16 C, 21 P)
• Nawabs of India‎ (10 C, 64 P)
• Nawabs of Pakistan‎ (10 C, 43 P)
• Princely rulers of Pakistan‎ (9 C, 20 P)
• Northern Satraps‎ (8 P)

O

• Sultans of the Ottoman Empire‎ (11 C, 4 P)

P

• Pala emperors‎ (22 P)
• Pallava kings‎ (22 P)
• Pandyan kings‎ (30 P)
• Phoenician kings‎ (4 C, 2 P)
• Heads of state of the Polish People's Republic‎ (7 P)
• Monarchs of Pontus‎ (1 C, 3 P)
• Heads of state of Portuguese Timor‎ (2 C)
• Pratihara emperors‎ (12 P)
• Kings of Prussia‎ (6 C, 10 P)

Q

• Rulers of Quilon‎ (3 P)

R

• Ramadanid rulers‎ (3 C)
• Rashtrakuta emperors‎ (15 P)
• Rawadid dynasty‎ (6 P)
• Regents of India‎ (19 P)
• Khagans of the Rouran‎ (20 P)
• Rulers of Syria‎ (5 C, 3 P)
• Kings of Ruthenia‎ (8 P)

S

• Salghurids‎ (1 C, 4 P)
• Rajas of Sarawak‎ (3 P)
• Sarawak royalty‎ (2 C, 10 P)
• Kings of Sardinia‎ (6 C, 5 P)
• Saxon monarchs‎ (32 C, 4 P)
• Heads of state of Scotland‎ (3 C, 2 P)
• Shamkhals of Tarki‎ (2 P)
• Sheikhs of Abu Dhabi‎ (17 P)
• Sheikhs of the Emirate of Ajman‎ (9 P)
• Sheikhs of the Emirate of Fujairah‎ (5 P)
• Sheikhs of the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah‎ (14 P)
• Sheikhs of the Emirate of Sharjah‎ (10 P)
• Sheikhs of Umm Al Quwain‎ (10 P)
• Rulers of Shewa‎ (12 P)
• Shōguns‎ (13 C, 9 P)
• Shunga emperors‎ (6 P)
• Monarchs of Sicily‎ (6 C, 2 P)
• Sikh emperors‎ (1 C, 6 P)
• Sikh monarchs‎ (2 C)
• Monarchs of Sikkim‎ (1 C, 17 P)
• Silla monarchs‎ (3 C, 56 P)
• Monarchs of South Africa‎ (4 C, 13 P)
• State Presidents of South Africa‎ (1 C, 12 P)
• Viceroys in South Africa‎ (4 C, 1 P)
• Heads of state of South Vietnam‎ (6 P)
• Heads of state of the Soviet Union‎ (1 C, 13 P)
• Spanish viceroys‎ (13 C, 17 P)
• Sri Lankan monarchs‎ (4 C, 2 P)
• Sub-Roman monarchs‎ (18 C, 14 P)
• Kings of Sukhothai‎ (10 P)
• Sultans of the Sur Empire‎ (7 P)
• Sumerian kings‎ (25 C, 84 P)
• Supreme Directors of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata‎ (8 P)

T

• Tahitian monarchs‎ (9 P)
• Heads of state of Tanganyika‎ (3 P)
• Telugu monarchs‎ (1 C, 39 P)

A

• Abdullah Afeef
• Khertek Anchimaa-Toka

B

• Milan Babić
• Mohamed Bacar
• Bertoleoni family
• William Augustus Bowles
• Delfim Modesto Brandão

C

• David Canabarro
• Nikolay Chkheidze
• Elijah Clarke

D

• Jefferson Davis
• Sanford B. Dole
• Dzhokhar Dudayev

E

• Enomoto Takeaki

G

• Josiah Zion Gumede

H

• Goran Hadžić
• James Harden-Hickey
• Franz Josef Heinz
• Joshua Hill (Pitcairn Island leader)

I

• William B. Ide

K

• Albert Kalonji
• Abeid Karume

L

• Liu Yongfu

M

• Milan Martić
• Aslan Maskhadov
• Josef Friedrich Matthes
• Marie-Charles David de Mayréna

N

• Nongdā Lāiren Pākhangbā

O

• Albert Okonkwo

P

• Pasquale Paoli
• Marthinus Prinsloo (President)
• Puyi

R

• Francisco Ramírez (governor)

S

• Francisco Sabino
• Abdul-Halim Sadulayev
• Said Ali bin Said Omar of Grande Comore
• Chogyal
• Bento Gonçalves da Silva
• Fulwar Skipwith
• Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata

T

• Tang Jingsong
• Theodore of Corsica
• Moïse Tshombe

U

• Dokka Umarov

V

• Avgustyn Voloshyn

W

• Ronald Webster
• White Rajahs

Y

• Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev