2021 wildfire in Northern California
Caldor Fire Top: A stump continues to burn vigorously as the Aravipa
hotshot crew works on the firelineBottom left: A firefighter monitors the control line during night-time burning operationsBottom right: A ski lift near South Lake Tahoe among stands of burned trees after the fireDate(s) August 14, 2021 (2021-08-14 ) – October 21, 2021 (2021-10-21 ) Location
El Dorado ,
Amador , and
Alpine counties,
California ,
United States
Coordinates
38°35′02″N 120°32′02″W / 38.584°N 120.534°W / 38.584; -120.534 Burned area 221,835 acres (89,773 ha; 347 sq mi; 898 km2 ) Deaths 0 Non-fatal injuries 21 Evacuated >53,000 Structures destroyed 1,003 Damage $1.2 billion (2021 USD)
[1] Cause Under investigation
The Caldor Fire's footprint spanned the Sierra Nevada, largely between Highways 50 and 88The general location of the fire in Northern California
The Caldor Fire was a large wildfire that burned 221,835 acres (89,773 hectares) in the
Eldorado National Forest and other areas of the
Sierra Nevada in
El Dorado ,
Amador , and
Alpine County ,
California , in the
United States during the
2021 California wildfire season .
[2] The fire was first reported on Saturday, August 14, 2021, and was fully contained on Thursday, October 21, 2021. The Caldor Fire destroyed 1,005 structures and damaged 81 more, primarily in the
US Highway 50 corridor and in the community of Grizzly Flats, 2/3 of which was destroyed by the fire.
[3]
[2]
[4]
On August 30, it became the second fire known to cross the
Sierra Nevada mountain range, following the
Dixie Fire , which crossed a few days earlier on August 18.
[5] It then threatened the communities of
Meyers and
South Lake Tahoe , causing evacuations to be ordered for more than 20,000 people before the fire's progress was halted.
[6] The Caldor Fire was the third-largest and second-most-destructive of the 2021 season in California, and the 15th-largest and 16th-most destructive in recorded California history.
The U.S. Forest Service determined that the fire was caused by a bullet. A father and son who had called 911 to report the fire were accused of starting it by reckless use of firearms. In January 2024, a judge ruled that there was insufficient evidence to try them.
Background
The old logging town of
Caldor is located near
Omo Ranch ,
[7] close to the origin of the fire. The town was part of the
Diamond and Caldor Railway lumber route, running from
Diamond Springs to Caldor.
[8] Originally called "Dogtown", the abandoned settlement was renamed after the new owners, the California Door Company.
[9]
[8]
Progression
The Caldor Fire started on August 14, 2021, near Little Mountain, south of
Pollock Pines in El Dorado County,
[10] about two miles east of Omo Ranch and four miles south of
Grizzly Flats .
[11]
[12] It initially burned slowly, where little attention was given to it because of other larger fires, but exploded in size on August 16 due to high winds and high fuel loads in the area.
[13] By the night of August 16 it was 6,500 acres (2,600 ha).
[14] On August 17 the fire grew to 30,000 acres (12,000 ha) as it expanded rapidly north and east, crossing the North Fork
Cosumnes River and approaching
Sly Park Reservoir . By August 20, the fire had burned nearly to
Highway 50 , forcing a closure of the highway.
[15]
The Caldor Fire burning south of Lake Tahoe as seen from space on the afternoon of August 30, 2021
Over the next few days, the fire crossed Highway 50 in the vicinity of
Kyburz . Starting on August 27, winds drove the fire rapidly east towards the
Lake Tahoe Basin, devastating the once picturesque backdrop to the historic Strawberry Lodge near the
Twin Bridges area.
[16] By August 30, it had reached
Echo Summit , less than five miles (8.0 km) from
South Lake Tahoe . While South Lake Tahoe remained at the evacuation warning stage during early morning briefings that day, the entire city of 22,000 people was ordered to evacuate at 10:59 a.m.
[17] Due to the focused efforts of fire crews aggressively thinning nearby forests, reducing earlier
crown fires (typically 100–150 feet (30–46 meters) flames) to surface fires (typically 15 feet (4.6 meters) flames) and developing a fire perimeter, evacuation orders were lifted about one week later.
[18]
[19]
By October 2, the fire was at 221,775 acres and 91% containment. By that date, 782 structures were destroyed, 81 structures damaged, with 35 structures still threatened. Staffing was still at 1,589 personnel, with ten helicopters assigned to the incident.
A NASA image showing the progression of the Caldor Fire over the landscape between August 15 and October 6 in 12-hour increments
The Caldor Fire was fully contained on October 21, 2021. The area burned by the fire came to 221,835 acres (89,773 hectares).
[2]
Effects
President Joe Biden and California Governor Gavin Newsom, aboard
Marine One , survey damage from the Caldor Fire on September 13, 2021.
Casualties
According to Cal Fire, there were 21 total confirmed injuries among fire personnel and civilians.
[2] In September 2021 it was reported that 18 people had been injured due to the fire, the majority of them firefighters. Two people were injured in Grizzly Flats and were airlifted to hospitals.
[20]
[21]
[22]
Damage
The Caldor Fire destroyed 1,003 structures, many of them in Grizzly Flats when the fire destroyed two-thirds of the community in the early morning of August 17.
Evacuations and closures
On August 17, evacuations were ordered for Grizzly Flats,
Somerset , Sly Park Reservoir and
Pollock Pines .
[23]
Governor
Gavin Newsom declared a state of emergency for El Dorado County over a day later after the explosive growth.
[24] As of Sunday night (August 29), evacuation orders were sent out to some residents of the Tahoe Basin as well as locations in Amador County.
[25] By August 30, the number of people covered by evacuation orders in El Dorado County was more than 53,000.
[26]
Economic impacts
A private consulting firm estimated the total economic impact to the Tahoe region's economy, expressed as lost visitor spending due to evacuations and poor air quality, at $268 million.
[27]
Environmental impacts
There were concerns that runoff from the Caldor Fire's burned footprint would have negative impacts on the water quality of the Lake Tahoe watershed. However, in testing conducted by the League to Save Lake Tahoe in October after the fire was fully contained, it was found that there had been relatively little impact on the
turbidity of Lake Tahoe's water.
[28]
Cause
U.S. Forest Service investigators determined that the Caldor Fire was started by a bullet.
[29] Based on bullet casings, earplugs, electronic device location data, and DNA evidence from the scene, on December 8, 2021, a father and son were arrested and charged with reckless arson.
[30]
[31] Court filings stated that "the Caldor Fire likely ignited when a projectile discharged from a firearm and struck an object, causing heated fragments of the projectile to land in a dry receptive fuel bed, igniting the fuels".
[32] The two men's attorney stated that they had been in
Eldorado National Forest in the Omo Ranch area on the day the fire began, were not guilty of starting it, and had called 911 to report it as soon as they had cell service.
[29]
[33] The suspects were held on $1 million bail, with a preliminary hearing scheduled for August 2023.
[34] After a hearing in December 2023, an El Dorado County judge ruled that there was insufficient evidence to try them in relation to the fire, but enough to charge them with weapons violations. They have pleaded not guilty on those charges.
[29]
Growth and containment status
Fire containment statusGray : contained; Red : active; %: percent contained;
Date
Area burned in acres (ha)
Personnel
Containment
Aug 14
...
...
...
Aug 15
[35]
45 (18)
90 personnel
Aug 16
[36]
754 (305)
285 personnel
Aug 17
[37]
6,500 (2,600)
242 personnel
Aug 18
[38]
53,772 (21,761)
242 personnel
Aug 19
[39]
65,474 (26,496)
653 personnel
Aug 20
[40]
73,415 (29,710)
1,118 personnel
Aug 21
[41]
82,444 (33,364)
1,558 personnel
Aug 22
[42]
98,149 (39,719)
1,604 personnel
Aug 23
[43]
106,562 (43,124)
1,745 personnel
Aug 24
[44]
117,704 (47,633)
2,119 personnel
Aug 25
[45]
126,182 (51,064)
2,667 personnel
Aug 26
[46]
136,643 (55,297)
2,897 personnel
Aug 27
[47]
143,951 (58,255)
2,897 personnel
Aug 28
[48]
149,684 (60,575)
3,302 personnel
Aug 29
[49]
156,515 (63,339)
3,531 personnel
Aug 30
[50]
177,260 (71,730)
3,531 personnel
Aug 31
[51]
191,607 (77,541)
3,904 personnel
Sep 1
[52]
204,390 (82,710)
4,224 personnel
Sep 2
[53]
210,259 (85,089)
4,451 personnel
Sep 3
[54]
212,907 (86,160)
4,415 personnel
Sep 4
[55]
214,107 (86,646)
4,662 personnel
Sep 5
[56]
215,400 (87,200)
4,954 personnel
Sep 6
[57]
216,358 (87,557)
5,072 personnel
Sep 7
[58]
216,646 (87,674)
4,723 personnel
Sep 8
[59]
217,569 (88,047)
4,820 personnel
Sep 9
[60]
217,946 (88,200)
4,532 personnel
Sep 10
[61]
218,459 (88,407)
4,028 personnel
Sep 11
[62]
218,489 (88,419)
3,989 personnel
Sep 12
[63]
218,950 (88,610)
4,029 personnel
Sep 13
[64]
219,267 (88,734)
3,771 personnel
Sep 14
[65]
219,267 (88,734)
3,368 personnel
Sep 15
[66]
219,267 (88,734)
3,010 personnel
Sep 16
[67]
219,267 (88,734)
2,948 personnel
Sep 17
[68]
218,857 (88,568)
2,702 personnel
Sep 18
[69]
218,876 (88,576)
2,326 personnel
Sep 19
[70]
218,876 (88,576)
2,118 personnel
Sep 20
[71]
219,101 (88,667)
1,833 personnel
Sep 21
[72]
219,231 (88,720)
1,534 personnel
Sep 22
[73]
220,548 (89,253)
1,555 personnel
Sep 23
[74]
221,161 (89,501)
1,400 personnel
Sep 24
[75] |
221,505 (89,640)
1,400 personnel
Sep 25
[76]
221,595 (89,676)
1,503 personnel
Sep 26
[77]
221,774 (89,749)
1,508 personnel
Sep 27
[78]
221,774 (89,749)
1,490 personnel
Sep 28
[79]
221,774 (89,749)
1,480 personnel
Sep 29
...
...
...
Sep 30
[80]
221,775 (89,749)
1,527 personnel
Oct 1
[81]
221,775 (89,749)
1,467 personnel
Oct 2
[82]
221,775 (89,749)
1,589 personnel
Oct 3
[83]
221,775 (89,749)
1,438 personnel
Oct 4
[84]
221,775 (89,749)
1,336 personnel
Oct 5
[85]
221,775 (89,749)
1,321 personnel
Oct 6
[86]
221,775 (89,749)
1,308 personnel
Oct 7
[87]
221,775 (89,749)
1,236 personnel
Oct 8
[88]
221,775 (89,749)
1,142 personnel
Oct 9
[89]
221,775 (89,749)
1,071 personnel
Oct 10
[90]
221,775 (89,749)
1,071 personnel
Oct 11
[91]
221,775 (89,749)
1,063 personnel
Oct 12
[92]
221,775 (89,749)
1,074 personnel
Oct 13
[93]
221,775 (89,749)
1,015 personnel
Oct 14
[94]
221,798 (89,758)
917 personnel
Oct 15
[95]
221,835 (89,773)
917 personnel
Oct 16
...
...
...
Oct 17
[96]
221,835 (89,773)
681 personnel
Oct 18
[97]
221,835 (89,773)
669 personnel
Oct 19
[98]
221,835 (89,773)
651 personnel
Oct 20
[99]
221,835 (89,773)
586 personnel
Oct 21
[100]
221,835 (89,773)
526 personnel
Gallery of post-fire effects
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"Caldor Fire Incident Update for 9/25/2021" (PDF) . InciWeb . September 25, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on September 25, 2021.
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"Caldor Fire Incident Update for 9/26/2021" (PDF) . InciWeb . September 26, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on September 26, 2021.
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"Caldor Fire Incident Update for September 27, 2021" (PDF) . InciWeb . September 27, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on September 27, 2021.
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"Caldor Fire Incident Update for September 28, 2021, 8:00 a.m." (PDF) . InciWeb . September 28, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on September 28, 2021.
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"Caldor Fire Daily Update for September 30, 2021" . InciWeb . September 30, 2021. Archived from
the original on August 14, 2022.
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"Caldor Fire Daily Update for October 1, 2021, 8:00 a.m." (PDF) . www.fs.usda.gov . El Dorado National Forest & Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit. October 1, 2021.
Archived from the original on January 4, 2024. Retrieved January 4, 2024 .
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"Caldor Fire Incident Update for October 2" (PDF) . National Wildfire Coordinating Group. Archived from
the original (PDF) on October 2, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021 .
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"Caldor Fire Daily Update, October 3, 2021" (PDF) . InciWeb . October 3, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on October 3, 2021.
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"Caldor Fire Daily Update for October 4, 2021, 8:00 a.m." (PDF) . InciWeb . October 4, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on October 4, 2021.
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"Caldor Fire Daily Update for October 5, 2021, 8:00 a.m." (PDF) . InciWeb . October 5, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on October 5, 2021.
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"Incendio de Caldor Actualización del incident, 6 de Octubre del 2021" (PDF) . InciWeb . October 6, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on October 6, 2021.
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"Incendio de Caldor Actualización del incident, 7 de Octubre del 2021" (PDF) . InciWeb . October 7, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on October 7, 2021.
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"Caldor Fire Daily Update for October 8, 2021" (PDF) . InciWeb . October 8, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on October 8, 2021.
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"Caldor Fire Incident Update for October 9" (PDF) . National Wildfire Coordinating Group. Archived from
the original (PDF) on October 11, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2021 .
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"Caldor Fire Daily Update for October 10, 2021" . InciWeb . October 10, 2021. Archived from
the original on October 17, 2021.
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"Caldor Fire Daily Update for October 11, 2021" . InciWeb . October 11, 2021. Archived from
the original on October 17, 2021.
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"Caldor Fire Daily Update for October 12, 2021" . InciWeb . October 12, 2021. Archived from
the original on October 17, 2021.
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"Caldor Fire Daily Update for October 13, 2021" . InciWeb . October 13, 2021. Archived from
the original on October 17, 2021.
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"Incendio Caldor: Actualización diaria, Jueves 14 de Octubre del 2021" (PDF) . InciWeb . October 14, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on October 15, 2021.
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"Incendio Caldor: Actualización diaria, Viernes 15 de Octubre del 2021" (PDF) . InciWeb . October 15, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on October 15, 2021.
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"Caldor Fire Daily Update for Sunday, October 17, 2021 – 9:00 a.m." (PDF) . InciWeb . October 17, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on October 17, 2021.
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"Incendio Caldor: Actualización diaria, Lunes 18 de Octubre del 2021" (PDF) . InciWeb . October 18, 2021. Archived from
the original (PDF) on October 19, 2021.
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"10.19.2021 | Caldor Fire Update" . InciWeb . October 19, 2021. Archived from
the original on October 21, 2021.
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"Caldor Fire Daily Update October 20, 2021" . InciWeb . October 20, 2021. Archived from
the original on August 9, 2022.
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"10.21.2021.Caldor Fire Update" . InciWeb . October 21, 2021. Archived from
the original on June 28, 2022.
External links
August Complex
(2020) (1,032,648 acres, 4,178.98 km2 )
Dixie
(2021) (963,309 acres, 3,898.37 km2 )
Mendocino Complex
(2018) (459,123 acres, 1,858.00 km2 )
SCU Lightning Complex
(2020) (396,624 acres, 1,605.08 km2 )
Creek
(2020) (379,895 acres, 1,537.38 km2 )
LNU Lightning Complex
(2020) (363,220 acres, 1,469.9 km2 )
North Complex
(2020) (318,935 acres, 1,290.68 km2 )
Santiago Canyon (1889) (300,000 acres, 1,200 km2 )
Thomas
(2017) (281,893 acres, 1,140.78 km2 )
Cedar
(2003) (273,246 acres, 1,105.79 km2 )
Rush
(2012) (271,911 acres, 1,100.38 km2 in California)
Rim
(2013) (257,314 acres, 1,041.31 km2 )
Zaca
(2007) (240,207 acres, 972.08 km2 )
Carr
(2018) (229,651 acres, 929.36 km2 )
Monument
(2021) (223,124 acres, 902.95 km2 )
Caldor
(2021) (221,835 acres, 897.73 km2 )
Matilija (1932) (220,000 acres, 890 km2 )
River Complex
(2021) (199,359 acres, 806.78 km2 )
Witch
(2007) (197,990 acres, 801.2 km2 )
Klamath Theater Complex
(2008) (192,038 acres, 777.15 km2 )
Note: The Santiago Canyon Fire dates before 1932, when reliable fire records began.