Allegoric type of scriptural interpretation in Shi'i Islam
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Batiniyya (
Arabic: باطنية,
romanized: Bāṭiniyyah) refers to groups that distinguish between an outer,
exoteric (zāhir) and an inner,
esoteric (bāṭin) meaning in Islamic scriptures.[1] The term has been used in particular for an allegoristic type of scriptural interpretation developed among some
Shia groups, stressing the bāṭin meaning of texts.[2] It has been retained by all branches of
Isma'ilism and various
Druze groups as well. The
Alawites practice a similar system of interpretation.[2]Batiniyya is a common epithet used to designate Isma'ili Islam, which has been accepted by Ismai'lis themselves.[3]
Sunni writers have used the term batiniyya polemically in reference to rejection of the evident meaning of scripture in favor of its bāṭin meaning.[2]Al-Ghazali, a medieval Sunni theologian, used the term batiniyya pejoratively for the adherents of Isma'ilism.[2][4] Some Shia writers have also used the term polemically.[1]