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German botanist (1839-1887)
August Wilhelm Eichler , also known under his
Latinized name , Augustus Guilielmus Eichler (22 April 1839 – 2 March 1887), was a German
botanist who developed a new system of
classification of plants to reflect the concept of
evolution .
His author abbreviation in botany is Eichler .
Biography
Born in
Neukirchen ,
Hesse , Eichler studied at the
University of Marburg , Germany, and in 1871 became Professor of
Botany at
Technische Hochschule (Technical University) of
Graz and director of the botanical garden in that city.
[1] In 1872 he received an appointment at the
University of Kiel , where he remained until 1878 when he became director of the
herbarium at the
University of Berlin . He died in
Berlin on March 2, 1887, of
leukaemia .
Eichler made important contributions to the study of the comparative structure of
flowers (mainly on
floral symmetry in his work Blütendiagramme ). He wrote extensively on the
Coniferae ,
Cycadaceae and other plant groups of Brazil.
[2]
Eichler System
The
Eichler System divided the
plant kingdom into non-floral plants (
Cryptogamae ) and floral plants (
Phanerogamae ). It was the first to accept the concept of
evolution and therefore also the first to be considered
phylogenetic .
[3] Moreover, Eichler was the first taxonomist to separate the Phanerogamae into
Angiosperms and
Gymnosperms and the former into
Monocotyledonae and
Dicotyledonae .
[4]
The Eichler system was the foundation for
Adolf Engler's System and was widely accepted in Europe and other parts of the world.
Works
Eichler, August W. (1875).
Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert. 2 vols [Floral diagrams ]. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. Retrieved 17 May 2015 .
Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel 1876.
Subsequent editions published as Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik , 2nd ed. 1880, 3rd ed. 1883, 4th ed. 1886, 5th 1890
Flora Brasiliensis (Flora of
Brazil ) editor after death of
Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in 1868 until 1887, succeeded by
Ignatz Urban (Available online at
Botanicus.org Website )
Beiträge zur Morphologie und Systematik der Marantaceen (1884)
Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Palmenblätter (1885)
Caroli Frid. Phil. Martii Flora Brasiliensis, sive
Flora Brasiliensis, enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum :quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas /ediderunt Carolus Fridericus Philippus de Martius et Augustus Guilielmus Eichler ; iisque defunctis successor Ignatius Urban ; with Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von, 1794-1868, Endlicher, István László, 1804-1849, Fenzl, Eduard, 1808-1879, Mary, Benj, Oldenburg, R.Urban and Ignaz, 1848-
See also
Notes
^ Aaron Goldberg (1986). "Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons". Smithsonian Contributions to Botany . 58 : 1–314.
^ G. H. M. Lawrence (1951). Taxonomy of vascular plants .
^
Author Details: Eichler, August Wilhelm (1839-1887) .
International Plant Names Index .
^ Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
"Eichler, August Wilhelm" .
Encyclopedia Americana .
Bibliography
External links
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