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Eye strain
Other namesAsthenopia, aesthenopia
Specialty Ophthalmology

Eye strain, also known as asthenopia (from Greek a-sthen-opia, Ancient Greek: ἀσθενωπία, transl. weak-eye-condition), is a common eye condition that manifests through non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, pain in or around the eyes, blurred vision, headache, and occasional double vision. [1] Symptoms often occur after long-term use of computers, digital devices, reading or other activities that involve extended visual tasks [2] which are broadly classified into external and internal symptom factors. [3]

When concentrating on a visually intense task, such as continuously focusing on a book or computer monitor, the ciliary muscles and the extraocular muscles are strained. This causes discomfort, soreness or pain on the eyeballs. Closing the eyes for ten minutes and relaxing the muscles of the face and neck at least once an hour usually relieves the problem.

A page or photograph with the same image twice, but slightly displaced (from a printing mishap, a camera moving during the shot, etc.) can cause eye strain due to the brain misinterpreting the image fault as diplopia and trying in vain to adjust the sideways movements of the two eyeballs to fuse the two images into one.

Eye strain can also happen when viewing a blurred image (including images deliberately partly blurred for censorship), due to the ciliary muscle tightening trying in vain to focus the blurring out.

Symptoms

  • blurred vision
  • sore, tired, burning, or itching eyes
  • difficulty concentrating
  • dry eyes or watery eyes
  • eye discomfort
  • headaches
  • irritated or burning eyes
  • sensitivity to bright lights
  • tired eyes
  • sore eyes [4] [5]

Therapy

Known methods of relieving strain of the ocular muscles are taking periodic breaks by closing the eyes, [6] obtaining good sleep, and proper nutrition. [7]

See also

References

  1. ^ Sheedy, James E.; Hayes, John N.; Engle, Jon (November 2003). "Is all asthenopia the same?". Optometry and Vision Science. 80 (11): 732–739. doi: 10.1097/00006324-200311000-00008. ISSN  1040-5488. PMID  14627938. S2CID  16299425.
  2. ^ FT, Vaz; SP, Henriques; DS, Silva; J, Roque; AS, Lopes; M, Mota (April 2019). "Digital Asthenopia: Portuguese Group of Ergophthalmology Survey". Acta Med Port. 32 (4): 260–265. doi: 10.20344/amp.10942. hdl: 10400.10/2236. PMID  31067419. S2CID  148571110.
  3. ^ JE, Sheedy; JN, Hayes; J, Engle (November 2003). "Is all asthenopia the same?". Optom Vis Sci. 80 (11): 732–739. doi: 10.1097/00006324-200311000-00008. PMID  14627938. S2CID  16299425.
  4. ^ B, Antona; AR, Barrio; A, Gascó; A, Pinar; M, González-Pérez; MC, Puell (April 2018). "Symptoms associated with reading from a smartphone in conditions of light and dark". Applied Ergonomics. 68: 12–17. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.10.014. PMID  29409625.
  5. ^ S, Jaiswal; L, Asper; J, Long; A, Lee; K, Harrison; B, Golebiowski (September 2019). "Ocular and visual discomfort associated with smartphones, tablets and computers: what we do and do not know". Clinical & Experimental Optometry. 102 (5): 463–477. doi: 10.1111/cxo.12851. PMID  30663136. S2CID  58558016.
  6. ^ S, Lertwisuttipaiboon; T, Pumpaibool; KJ, Neeser; N, Kasetsuwan (May 2017). "Effectiveness of a participatory eye care program in reducing eye strain among staff computer users in Thailand". Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 10: 71–80. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S134940. PMC  5436759. PMID  28546777.
  7. ^ CC, Han; R, Liu; RR, Liu; ZH, Zhu; RB, Yu; L, Ma (18 October 2013). "Prevalence of asthenopia and its risk factors in Chinese college students". Int J Ophthalmol. 6 (5): 718–722. doi: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959. PMC  3808927. PMID  24195055.

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