Instrument face indicating the value of the
heat index at the intersection of its two hands (indicating temperature and relative humidity), with a chart showing
windchill according to the temperature (indicated) and wind speed (acquired by some other method)
Apparent temperature, also known as "feels like",[1][2] is the
temperature equivalent
perceived by humans, caused by the combined effects of
air temperature,
relative humidity and
wind speed. The measure is most commonly applied to the perceived outdoor temperature. Apparent temperature was invented by
Robert Steadman[3] who published a paper about it in 1984.[4] However, it also applies to indoor temperatures, especially
saunas, and when houses and workplaces are not sufficiently heated or cooled.
The
heat index and
humidex measure the effect of humidity on the perception of temperatures above +27 °C (81 °F). In humid conditions, the air feels much hotter, because less
perspiration evaporates from the skin.
The
wind chill factor measures the effect of wind speed on cooling of the human body below 10 °C (50 °F). As airflow increases over the skin, more heat will be removed. Standard models and conditions are used.
The
wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) combines the
effects of radiation (typically
sunlight), humidity, temperature and wind speed on the perception of temperature. It is not often used, since its measurement requires the use of a
globe thermometer exposed to the sun, which is not included in standard meteorological equipment used in official weather conditions reporting (nor are, in most cases, any other explicit means of measuring solar radiation; temperature measurement takes place entirely in a shade box to avoid direct solar effects). It also does not have an explicit relationship with the perceived temperature a person feels; when used for practical purposes, the WBGT is linked to a category system to estimate the threat of heat-related illness.[5]
Since there is no direct measurement of solar radiation in U.S. observation systems, and solar radiation can add up to 15 °F (8.3 °C) to the apparent temperature, commercial weather companies have attempted to develop their own proprietary apparent temperature systems, including
The Weather Company's "FeelsLike" and
AccuWeather's "RealFeel". These systems, while their exact mechanisms are
trade secrets, are believed to estimate the effect of solar radiation based on the available meteorological data that is reported (such as
UV index and cloud cover).