Genus of mosquitoes
Aedes (also known as the tiger mosquito
[1] ) is a
genus of
mosquitoes originally found in tropical and
subtropical zones , but now found on all
continents except
Antarctica . Some species have been spread by
human activity :
Aedes albopictus , a particularly
invasive species , was spread to the
Americas , including the
United States , in the 1980s, by the
used-tire trade .
[2]
First described and named by
German
entomologist
Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818, the
generic name comes from the
Ancient Greek ἀηδής , aēdēs , meaning 'unpleasant' or 'odious'. The
type species for Aedes is
Aedes cinereus .
[3]
Systematics and phylogeny
Aedes (Stegomyia) pia , described in 2013.
[4]
The genus was named by
Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818. The generic name comes from the Ancient Greek ἀηδής , aēdēs , meaning 'unpleasant'
[5] or 'odious'.
As historically defined, the genus contains over 700
species (see the
list of Aedes species ). The genus has been divided into several
subgenera (Aedes ,
Diceromyia ,
Finlaya , Stegomyia , etc.), most of which have been recently treated by some authorities as full genera.
[6] The classification was revised in 2009.
[7]
Characteristics
Aedes mosquitoes are visually distinctive because they have noticeable black and white markings on their bodies and legs. Unlike most other mosquitoes, they are active and bite only
during the daytime . The peak biting periods are early in the morning and in the evening before dusk.
[8]
[9]
Direct children of this genus
The genus contains 28 species that are not placed in a further subgenus:
[10]
Children with uncertain position
Aedes alticola Bonne Wepster, 1948
Aedes auronitens Edwards, 1922
Aedes australiensis (Theobald, 1910)
Aedes biocellatus (Taylor, 1914)
Aedes britteni Marks and Hodgkin, 1958
Aedes candidoscutellum Marks, 1947
Aedes crossi Lien, 1967
Aedes eatoni (Edwards, 1916)
Aedes gracilelineatus Bonne-Wepster, 1937
Aedes keefei King and Hoogstraal, 1946
Aedes peipingensis Feng, 1938
Aedes koreicoides Sasa, Kano and Hayashi, 1950
Aedes lauriei King and Hoogstraal, 1946
Aedes monocellatus Marks, 1948
Aedes oreophilus (Edwards, 1916)
Aedes plagosus Marks, 1959
Aedes quasirubithorax (Theobald, 1910)
Aedes roai Belkin, 1962
Aedes rubiginosus Belkin, 1962
Aedes sintoni (Barraud, 1924)
Aedes stanleyi Peters, 1963
Aedes subauridorsum Marks, 1948
Aedes toxopeusi Bonne-Wepster, 1948
Aedes tsiliensis King and Hoogstraal, 1946
Aedes versicolor (Barraud, 1924)
Aedes wasselli Marks, 1947
Aedes annuliventris Blanchard, 1852
As disease vectors
Members of the genus Aedes are known vectors for numerous viral infections, including
dengue fever ,
yellow fever , the
Zika virus ,
[11] and
chikungunya , which are transmitted by species in the subgenus
Stegomyia , and by
A. aegypti and
A. albopictus .
[12] Infections with these viruses are typically accompanied by a fever, and in some cases, encephalitis, which can lead to
death . A
vaccine to provide protection from yellow fever exists, and measures to prevent mosquito bites include
insecticides such as
DDT ,
mosquito traps ,
insect repellents ,
mosquito nets , and pest control using
genetically modified insects .
[13] In
Polynesia , the species
Aedes polynesiensis is responsible for the transmission of
human lymphatic filariasis .
Aedes can be detected and monitored by
ovitraps .
Sequencing
The genome of the yellow fever mosquito (
Aedes aegypti ) was sequenced by the
Broad Institute and
the Institute for Genomic Research . The initial assembly was released in August 2005; a draft sequence of the genome and preliminary analysis was published in June 2007.
[14] The annotated genome is available at
VectorBase .
[15] An updated and improved version of the Aedes aegypti genome was released in 2018.
[16]
References
^ Wilkerson, Richard C.; Linton, Yvonne-Marie; Strickman, Daniel (2021). "Genera and Medically Important Species Pages". Mosquitoes of the World . Vol. 1. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 222.
ISBN
978-1-4214-3814-6 .
LCCN
2019041641 .
^ Hawley, William A.; Reiter, Paul; Copeland, Robert S.; Pumpuni, Charles B.; Craig, George B. (1987-05-29).
"Aedes albopictus in North America: Probable Introduction in Used Tires from Northern Asia" . Science . 236 (4805): 1114–1116.
Bibcode :
1987Sci...236.1114H .
doi :
10.1126/science.3576225 .
ISSN
0036-8075 .
PMID
3576225 .
^
"Aedes " . Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit. Archived from
the original on 2016-04-06. Retrieved 2016-02-04 . .
^ Le Goff G, Brengues C, Robert V (2013).
"Stegomyia mosquitoes in Mayotte, taxonomic study and description of Stegomyia pia n. sp" . Parasite . 20 : 31.
doi :
10.1051/parasite/2013030 .
PMC
3770211 .
PMID
24025625 .
^ Powell, Jeffrey R.; Tabachnick, Walter J. (2013).
"History of domestication and spread of Aedes aegypti - A Review" . Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz . 108 (Suppl 1): 11–17.
doi :
10.1590/0074-0276130395 .
PMC
4109175 .
PMID
24473798 .
^ Reinert JF, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ (2004).
"Phylogeny and classification of Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae), based on morphological characters of all life stages" .
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 142 (3): 289–368.
doi :
10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00144.x .
^ Reinert JF, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ (2009).
"Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae)" (PDF) . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 157 (4): 700–794.
doi :
10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00570.x .
^
"Dengue and severe dengue" .
World Health Organization . 24 October 2019.
^
"Dengue and severe dengue" .
World Health Organization . 19 May 2021.
^
"ITIS - Report: Aedes" . www.itis.gov . Retrieved 2022-10-07 .
^
"CDC Transmission of Zika virus" . Archived from
the original on 2017-09-20. Retrieved 2017-09-08 .
^
"PAHO Statement on Zika Virus Transmission and Prevention" . Pan American Health Organization . 2 February 2016. Archived from
the original on 2016-01-26. Retrieved 2016-01-26 .
^ Fitzsimons, Tom (11 March 2022).
"EPA OKs plan to release 2.4 million more genetically modified mosquitoes" .
NBC News . Retrieved 2022-03-13 .
^ Nene V, Wortman JR, Lawson D, Haas B, Kodira C, Tu ZJ, et al. (June 2007).
"Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti , a major arbovirus vector" . Science . 316 (5832): 1718–23.
Bibcode :
2007Sci...316.1718N .
doi :
10.1126/science.1138878 .
PMC
2868357 .
PMID
17510324 .
^
"Aedes aegypti " . VectorBase. Archived from
the original on 1 August 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2013 .
^ Matthews BJ, Dudchenko O, Kingan SB, Koren S, Antoshechkin I, Crawford JE, et al. (November 2018).
"Improved reference genome of Aedes aegypti informs arbovirus vector control" . Nature . 563 (7732): 501–507.
Bibcode :
2018Natur.563..501M .
doi :
10.1038/s41586-018-0692-z .
PMC
6421076 .
PMID
30429615 .
External links