This article lists historical events that occurred between 101–200 in modern-day
Lebanon or regarding
its people.
Administration
Roman emperor
Hadrian (reigned 117–138) is said to have considered a division of the overly large province of Syria in 123–124 AD, but it was not until shortly after
c. 194 AD that
Septimius Severus (r. 193–211) actually undertook this, dividing the province into
Syria Coele in the north and Phoenice in the south.[1] The province was much larger than the area traditionally called
Phoenicia: for example, cities like
Emesa[a] and
Palmyra[b] and the base of the
Legio III Gallica[c] in
Raphanaea[d] were now subject to governor in Tyre. Veterans of this military unit were settled in Tyre, which also received the rank of
colonia.[2]
War of Succession
After the death of the 2nd century Roman emperor
Commodus, a civil war erupted, in which
Berytus, and
Sidon supported
Pescennius Niger. While the city of
Tyre supported
Septimius Severus, which led Niger to send
Mauri[e]javelin men and archers to sack the city.[3] However, Niger lost the civil war, and Septimius Severus decided to show his gratitude for Tyre's support by making it the capital of Phoenice.
The famous Lebanese jurist
Ulpian,
Latin: Gnaeus Domitius Annius Ulpianus; one of the great legal authorities, is born in Tyre, possibly
c. 170 AD.[14]
190s
Roman emperor Commodus dies on 31 December 192,[15] leading to a war of succession, in which each Lebanese city took side of either Septimius Severus or Pescennius Niger.
Niger is defeated and beheaded in 194, ending the war of succession.[19]
The Roman province of Phoenice is created
c. 194 AD.
Ti. Manilius Fuscus is governor of Phoenice, 194 AD.
El-Gouth, ancestor of the
Saliba family in
Bteghrine, and a Lebanese folk hero who was called "El-
Saleeby" by an Arabian prince for his wars against
Jews and idolaters in defense of the Christian faith, dies in
Adraa of
Hauran, 197 AD.[20]
Q. Venidius Rufus Marius Maximus L. Calvinianus is governor of Phoenice, 198 AD.
Hadrian's inscriptions of boundary stones, Lebanon.
The first attempt to conserve the
Lebanese cedar was made during the 2nd century by the Roman emperor Hadrian; he created an imperial forest and ordered it marked by inscribed
boundary stones, two of which are in the museum of the
American University of Beirut.[22] Material finds of this early type of wildlife conservation is provided by 200 inscriptions engraved on rocks all over the northern part of
Mount Lebanon.[23]
Architecture
Temple of Bacchus, Baalbek.
Triumphal arch of Tyre.
The Tyre Hippodrome.
The Exedra around the Great Court, Roman Heliopolis.
Numerous 2nd century small temples and other sanctuaries in the vicinity of the temple district of Heliopolis, today's Baalbek, on the edge of the
Bekaa.[26]
^Krause, Günter (1985). Begleitheft zur Ausstellung Tyros, Hafenstadt Phöniziens. Duisburg-Ruhrort: Museum der Deutschen Binnenschifffahrt. pp. 1–5, 12–14.
^Service de communication, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée (2006-11-10).
"Yanouh et le Nahr Ibrahim". Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée (in French). Retrieved 2010-08-14.