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21st United States national census
The United States census of 1990 , conducted by the
Census Bureau , was the first census to be directed by a woman,
Barbara Everitt Bryant . It determined the resident population of the
United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9.8 percent over the 226,545,805 persons
enumerated during the
1980 census .
[1]
Approximately 16 percent of households received a "long form" of the 1990 census, which contained more than 100 questions. Full documentation on the 1990 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the
Integrated Public Use Microdata Series .
It was the first census to designate "
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander " as a racial group separate from
Asians .
To increase black participation in the 1990 United States census, the bureau recruited
Bill Cosby ,
Magic Johnson ,
Alfre Woodard , and Miss America
Debbye Turner as spokespeople.
[2] The
Integrated Public Use Microdata Series .
Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the
National Historical Geographic Information System .
Personally identifiable information will be available in 2062.
[3]
This was the first census since 1880 in which
Chicago was not the second-largest city, having been overtaken by
Los Angeles . As of the 2020 census, Los Angeles has remained the nation's second-largest city.
State rankings
A map showing the population change of each US State by percentage.
Population and population change in the United States by state
Rank
State
Population as of 1980 census
Population as of 1990 census
Change
Percent change
1
California
23,667,902
29,760,021
6,092,119
25.7%
2
New York
17,558,072
17,990,455
432,383
2.5%
3
Texas
14,229,191
16,986,510
2,757,319
19.4%
4
Florida
9,746,324
12,937,926
3,191,602
32.7%
5
Pennsylvania
11,863,895
11,881,643
17,748
0.2%
6
Illinois
11,426,518
11,430,602
4,084
0.0%
7
Ohio
10,797,630
10,847,115
49,485
0.4%
8
Michigan
9,262,078
9,295,297
33,219
0.4%
9
New Jersey
7,364,823
7,730,188
365,365
5.0%
10
North Carolina
5,881,766
6,628,637
746,871
12.7%
11
Georgia
5,463,105
6,478,216
1,015,111
18.6%
12
Virginia
5,346,818
6,187,358
840,540
15.7%
13
Massachusetts
5,737,037
6,016,425
279,388
4.9%
14
Indiana
5,490,224
5,544,159
53,935
1.0%
15
Missouri
4,916,686
5,117,073
200,387
4.1%
16
Wisconsin
4,705,767
4,891,769
186,002
3.9%
17
Tennessee
4,591,120
4,877,185
286,065
6.2%
18
Washington
4,132,156
4,866,692
734,536
17.8%
19
Maryland
4,216,975
4,781,468
564,493
13.4%
20
Minnesota
4,075,970
4,375,099
299,129
7.3%
21
Louisiana
4,205,900
4,219,973
14,073
0.3%
22
Alabama
3,893,888
4,040,587
146,699
3.8%
23
Kentucky
3,660,777
3,685,296
24,519
0.7%
24
Arizona
2,718,215
3,665,228
947,013
34.8%
25
South Carolina
3,121,820
3,486,703
364,883
11.7%
26
Colorado
2,889,964
3,294,394
404,430
14.0%
27
Connecticut
3,107,576
3,287,116
179,540
5.8%
28
Oklahoma
3,025,290
3,145,585
120,295
4.0%
29
Oregon
2,633,105
2,842,321
209,216
7.9%
30
Iowa
2,913,808
2,776,755
–137,053
–4.7%
31
Mississippi
2,520,638
2,573,216
52,578
2.1%
32
Kansas
2,363,679
2,477,574
113,895
4.8%
33
Arkansas
2,286,435
2,350,725
64,290
2.8%
34
West Virginia
1,949,644
1,793,477
–156,167
–8.0%
35
Utah
1,461,037
1,722,850
261,813
17.9%
36
Nebraska
1,569,825
1,578,385
8,560
0.5%
37
New Mexico
1,302,894
1,515,069
212,175
16.3%
38
Maine
1,124,660
1,227,928
103,268
9.2%
39
Nevada
800,493
1,201,833
401,340
50.1%
40
New Hampshire
920,610
1,109,252
188,642
20.5%
41
Hawaii
964,691
1,108,229
143,538
14.8%
42
Idaho
943,935
1,006,749
62,814
6.7%
43
Rhode Island
947,154
1,003,464
56,310
5.9%
44
Montana
786,690
799,065
12,375
1.6%
45
South Dakota
690,768
696,004
5,236
0.8%
46
Delaware
594,338
666,168
71,830
12.1%
47
North Dakota
652,717
638,800
–13,917
–2.1%
—
District of Columbia
638,333
606,900
–31,433
–4.9%
48
Vermont
511,456
562,758
51,302
10.0%
49
Alaska
401,851
550,043
148,192
36.8%
50
Wyoming
469,557
453,588
–15,969
–3.4%
United States
226,545,805
248,709,873
22,164,068
9.8%
Reapportionment
The results of the 1990 census determined the number of seats that each state receives in the
United States House of Representatives starting with the
1992 elections . Consequently, this affected the number of votes each state has in the
Electoral College for the
1992 presidential election .
Because of population changes, twenty-one states had changes in their number of seats. Eight states gained at least one seat, and thirteen states lost at least one seat. The final result involved 19 seats being switched.
[4]
City rankings
Rank
City
State
Population
[5]
Region (2016)
[6]
01
New York
New York
7,322,564
Northeast
02
Los Angeles
California
3,485,398
West
03
Chicago
Illinois
2,783,726
Midwest
04
Houston
Texas
1,630,553
South
05
Philadelphia
Pennsylvania
1,585,577
Northeast
06
San Diego
California
1,110,549
West
07
Detroit
Michigan
1,027,974
Midwest
08
Dallas
Texas
1,006,877
South
09
Phoenix
Arizona
983,403
West
10
San Antonio
Texas
935,933
South
11
San Jose
California
782,248
West
12
Baltimore
Maryland
736,014
South
13
Indianapolis
Indiana
731,327
Midwest
14
San Francisco
California
723,959
West
15
Jacksonville
Florida
635,230
South
16
Columbus
Ohio
632,910
Midwest
17
Milwaukee
Wisconsin
628,088
Midwest
18
Memphis
Tennessee
610,337
South
19
Washington
District of Columbia
606,900
South
20
Boston
Massachusetts
574,283
Northeast
21
Seattle
Washington
516,259
West
22
El Paso
Texas
515,342
South
23
Cleveland
Ohio
505,616
Midwest
24
New Orleans
Louisiana
496,938
South
25
Nashville-Davidson
Tennessee
488,374
South
26
Denver
Colorado
467,610
West
27
Austin
Texas
465,622
South
28
Fort Worth
Texas
447,619
South
29
Oklahoma City
Oklahoma
444,719
South
30
Portland
Oregon
437,319
West
31
Kansas City
Missouri
435,146
Midwest
32
Long Beach
California
429,433
West
33
Tucson
Arizona
405,390
West
34
St. Louis
Missouri
396,685
Midwest
35
Charlotte
North Carolina
395,934
South
36
Atlanta
Georgia
394,017
South
37
Virginia Beach
Virginia
393,069
South
38
Albuquerque
New Mexico
384,736
West
39
Oakland
California
372,242
West
40
Pittsburgh
Pennsylvania
369,879
Northeast
41
Sacramento
California
369,365
West
42
Minneapolis
Minnesota
368,383
Midwest
43
Tulsa
Oklahoma
367,302
South
44
Honolulu
Hawaii
365,272
West
45
Cincinnati
Ohio
364,040
Midwest
46
Miami
Florida
358,548
South
47
Fresno
California
354,202
West
48
Omaha
Nebraska
335,795
Midwest
49
Toledo
Ohio
332,943
Midwest
50
Buffalo
New York
328,123
Northeast
51
Wichita
Kansas
304,011
Midwest
52
Santa Ana
California
293,742
West
53
Mesa
Arizona
288,091
West
54
Colorado Springs
Colorado
281,140
West
55
Tampa
Florida
280,015
South
56
Newark
New Jersey
275,221
Northeast
57
Saint Paul
Minnesota
272,235
Midwest
58
Louisville
Kentucky
269,063
South
59
Anaheim
California
266,406
West
60
Birmingham
Alabama
265,968
South
61
Arlington
Texas
261,721
South
62
Norfolk
Virginia
261,229
South
63
Las Vegas
Nevada
258,295
West
64
Corpus Christi
Texas
257,453
South
65
St. Petersburg
Florida
238,629
South
66
Rochester
New York
231,636
Northeast
67
Jersey City
New Jersey
228,537
Northeast
68
Riverside
California
226,505
West
69
Anchorage
Alaska
226,338
West
70
Lexington-Fayette
Kentucky
225,366
South
71
Akron
Ohio
223,019
Midwest
72
Aurora
Colorado
222,103
West
73
Baton Rouge
Louisiana
219,531
South
74
Stockton
California
210,943
West
75
Raleigh
North Carolina
207,951
South
76
Richmond
Virginia
203,056
South
77
Shreveport
Louisiana
198,525
South
78
Jackson
Mississippi
196,637
South
79
Mobile
Alabama
196,278
South
80
Des Moines
Iowa
193,187
Midwest
81
Lincoln
Nebraska
191,972
Midwest
82
Madison
Wisconsin
191,262
Midwest
83
Grand Rapids
Michigan
189,126
Midwest
84
Yonkers
New York
188,082
Northeast
85
Hialeah
Florida
188,004
South
86
Montgomery
Alabama
187,106
South
87
Lubbock
Texas
186,206
South
88
Greensboro
North Carolina
183,521
South
89
Dayton
Ohio
182,044
Midwest
90
Huntington Beach
California
181,519
West
91
Garland
Texas
180,650
South
92
Glendale
California
180,038
West
93
Columbus
Georgia
178,681
South
94
Spokane
Washington
177,196
West
95
Tacoma
Washington
176,664
West
96
Little Rock
Arkansas
175,795
South
97
Bakersfield
California
174,820
West
98
Fremont
California
173,339
West
99
Fort Wayne
Indiana
173,072
Midwest
100
Arlington
Virginia
170,936
South
References
^
"Population and Area (Historical Censuses)" (PDF) . United States Census Bureau.
Archived (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2008. Retrieved June 20, 2008 .
^ Brown, Frank Dexter (February 1990).
"The 1990 Census: Will Blacks Be Counted Out?" . Black Enterprise . Earl G. Graves, Ltd. 20 (7): 195.
ISSN
0006-4165 . Retrieved July 29, 2011 .
^
"The "72-Year Rule" – History" . U.S. Census Bureau . Retrieved October 26, 2015 .
^
"1990 Apportionment Results" . US Census Bureau . Retrieved October 26, 2016 .
^
Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990 , U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
^
"Regions and Divisions" . U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from
the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016 .
External links