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1930 Alabama Crimson Tide football
National champion ( QPRS, CFRA, Sagarin)
Co-national champion ( Davis)
Rose Bowl champion
SoCon co-champion
Conference Southern Conference
Record10–0 (8–0 SoCon)
Head coach
Offensive scheme Single-wing
Captain Foots Clement
Home stadium Denny Stadium
Legion Field
Cramton Bowl
Uniform
Seasons
←  1929
1931 →
1930 Southern Conference football standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
No. 3 Alabama + 8 0 0 10 0 0
No. 11 Tulane + 5 0 0 8 1 0
No. 10 Tennessee 6 1 0 9 1 0
Duke 4 1 1 8 1 2
Vanderbilt 5 2 0 8 2 0
Maryland 4 2 0 7 5 0
Florida 4 2 1 6 3 1
North Carolina 4 2 2 5 3 2
Clemson 3 2 0 8 2 0
Georgia 3 2 1 7 2 1
Kentucky 4 3 0 5 3 0
South Carolina 4 3 0 6 4 0
VPI 2 3 1 5 3 1
Mississippi A&M 2 3 0 2 7 0
Georgia Tech 2 4 1 2 6 1
LSU 2 4 0 6 4 0
Virginia 2 5 0 4 6 0
Sewanee 1 4 0 3 6 1
NC State 1 5 0 2 8 0
Ole Miss 1 5 0 3 5 1
Auburn 1 6 0 3 7 0
Washington and Lee 0 4 1 3 6 1
VMI 0 5 0 3 6 0
  • + – Conference co-champions
Rankings from Dickinson System

The 1930 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1930 college football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 37th overall and 9th season as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon). The team was led by head coach Wallace Wade, in his eighth year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, at Legion Field in Birmingham, and at the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery, Alabama. They finished the season with a perfect record (10–0 overall, 8–0 in the SoCon), as Southern Conference champions and as national champions after they defeated Washington State in the Rose Bowl. [1]

In April 1930, coach Wade announced his resignation effective at the end of the 1930 season, and his last Alabama team might have been his best. For psychological effect, Wade routinely started games with his second team, and the backups never allowed a point. [2] The first team defense only allowed the opposition to score 13 points over the course of the season en route to a 9–0 record. Only the Vanderbilt game was close, as the Commodores scored a late touchdown that cut Alabama's lead to five in their 12–7 loss. Vanderbilt's touchdown and a touchdown scored by Tennessee accounted for all of the scoring by Alabama's opponents in 1930.

Alabama received its third Rose Bowl invitation in six seasons, this time against the also undefeated Cougars of Washington State. In the game, Wade started his second team. Once again, the second team did not allow any points and neither did the first team in their 24–0 victory. The win clinched the second perfect season in school history after 1925, and the Crimson Tide claimed the 1930 national championship along with the Notre Dame Fighting Irish.

Johnny Cain starred at fullback, and in the days of iron man football also handled linebacker, and punting duties. [n 1] He was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Other players from the 1930 Alabama team included Fred Sington, who went on to play baseball for the Washington Senators and Frank Howard, who later became famous as the long-time head coach at Clemson. Jennings B. Whitworth, who kicked a field goal in the Rose Bowl, was hired as Alabama's football coach a quarter-century later.

Before the season

Wade resignation

After eight seasons as Alabama's head coach, on April 1, 1930, Wallace Wade announced he would resign his position at the conclusion of the 1930 season to take the same position with Duke. [4] At the time of his announcement, Wade did not give a reason for his departure other than that his contract was set to expire on September 1, 1931. [4] Although never publicly stated by Wade himself, friends and former players attributed his resignation to criticism he received during the 1927, 1928, and 1929 seasons, as well as his desire to return to a private university. [2] Wallace Wade completed his Alabama tenure with a 61–13–3 record (.812), four conference titles, and three national championships. He also coached several star players as well. Wade followed up his success at Alabama with a longer and almost as successful run at Duke, and was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. [5]

Schedule

DateOpponentSiteResultAttendanceSource
September 27 Howard (AL)*W 43–06,000 [6]
October 4 Ole Miss
  • Denny Stadium
  • Tuscaloosa, AL ( rivalry)
W 64–0 [7]
October 11 SewaneeW 25–0 [8]
October 18 Tennesseedagger
  • Denny Stadium
  • Tuscaloosa, AL ( rivalry)
W 18–618,000 [9]
October 25 Vanderbilt
  • Legion Field
  • Birmingham, AL
W 12–720,000 [10]
November 1at KentuckyW 19–022,000 [11]
November 8at FloridaW 20–018,000 [12]
November 15 LSUW 33–05,000 [13]
November 27 Georgia
  • Legion Field
  • Birmingham, AL ( rivalry)
W 13–028,000 [14]
January 1, 1931vs. Washington State*W 24–060,000 [15]
  • *Non-conference game
  • daggerHomecoming

[16]

Game summaries

Howard (AL)

1 234Total
Howard 0 000 0
Alabama 0 3409 43

Alabama opened the season with its only scheduled non-conference game against Howard College (now Samford University) at Denny Stadium. Before an estimated crowd of 6,000 fans, Alabama shutout Howard 43–0. [17] [18] After a scoreless first quarter, the Crimson Tide scored 34 second-quarter points. Touchdowns were scored on runs by Johnny Cain, John Suther (one on a 56-yard run and another on a 96-yard kickoff return), Hillman D. Holley, and John Campbell. [18] The final points of the game came in the fourth on a Hugh Miller run and 33-yard drop kick to make the final score 43–0. [18] Alabama gained 513 total yards on 66 plays and held Howard to only 84 yards on 32 plays. [19] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Howard to 11–0. [20]

The starting lineup was: Dobbs (left end), Jackson (left tackle), Sanford (left guard), Sharpe (center), Whitworth (right guard), Godfrey (right tackle), Elmore (right end), Tucker (quarterback), H. B. Miller (left halfback), Long (right halfback), and Boykin (fullback). [17]

Ole Miss

1 234Total
Ole Miss 0 000 0
Alabama 6 131332 64
  • Date: October 4
  • Location: Denny Stadium
    Tuscaloosa, Alabama

The Tide opened conference play game against the Ole Miss Rebels, and for a second consecutive week shutout their opponent. This time the Rebels were defeated 64–0. [18] Alabama's first string entered in the second quarter. [21] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Ole Miss to 14–2–1. [22]

The starting lineup was: Elmore (left end), Whitworth (left tackle), Sanford (left guard), Sharpe (center), Leslie (right guard), Jackson (right tackle), Dothero (right end), H. B. Miller (quarterback), Tucker (left halfback), Long (right halfback), and Hanson (fullback). [21]

Sewanee

1 234Total
Sewanee 0 000 0
Alabama 0 6019 25

For the third week in a row, Alabama shutout its opponent the Sewanee Tigers at Legion Field 25–0. [23] The team was led by assistant coach Hank Crisp as both head coach Wade and assistant Jess Neely were in Knoxville to scout the Tennessee Volunteers for their game the following week. [23]

John Campbell gave Alabama its first points with his 58-yard touchdown run in the second quarter. [23] After Campbell scored his second touchdown, John Tucker scored two more to make the final score 25–0. [23] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Sewanee to 13–10–3. [24]

The starting lineup was: Elmore (left end), Jackson (left tackle), Sanford (left guard), Sharpe (center), Whitworth (right guard), Godfrey (right tackle), Dothero (right end), Tucker (quarterback), Miller (left halfback), Long (right halfback), and Hanson (fullback). [23]

Tennessee

Third Saturday in October
1 234Total
Tennessee 0 006 6
Alabama 0 1260 18
  • Date: October 18
  • Location: Denny Stadium
    Tuscaloosa, Alabama
  • Game attendance: 18,000
  • Referee: Everett Strupper

On homecoming in Tuscaloosa, Alabama defeated coach Robert Neyland's Tennessee Volunteers 18–6 before what was then the largest crowd to have seen an Alabama game in Tuscaloosa. [25] The loss was Tennessee's first in 34 games, dating back to a 20–3 loss to Vanderbilt during the 1926 season. [25]

The Tide took a 6–0 lead after Johnny Cain scored on a 13-yard touchdown run. [26] John Suther extended their lead to 12–0 later in the quarter with his 33-yard touchdown run. [26] After Hugh Miller scored on a short run in the third, Tennessee responded with its only points of the game on a short Buddy Hackman run in the fourth to make the final score 18–6. [26] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 9–4–1. [27]

The starting lineup was: Elmore (left end), Whitworth (left tackle), Leslie (left guard), Sharpe (center), Sanford (right guard), Godfree (right tackle), Dothero (right end), Tucker (quarterback), H. B. Miller (left halfback), Long (right halfback), and Boykin (fullback). [25]

Vanderbilt

1 234Total
Vanderbilt 0 070 7
Alabama 0 660 12
  • Date: October 25
  • Location: Legion Field
    Birmingham, Alabama
  • Game attendance: 20,000

Against the favored Vanderbilt Commodores, Wallace Wade defeated his coaching mentor Dan McGugin 12–7 at Legion Field. [28] After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama scored the first touchdown of the game on a short John Campbell run. [28] The Crimson Tide's lead was extended to 12–0 in the third after a 13-yard John Suther run. The Commodores then scored their only points of the game later in the third when Benny Parker threw a 26-yard touchdown pass to William Schwartz. [28] Late in the game, Vandy drove to the Alabama 27-yard line before they stalled out and never threatened again. After a scoreless fourth quarter, Alabama won 12–7. [28] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 3–8. [29]

The starting lineup was: Elmore (left end), Godfree (left tackle), Howard (left guard), Eberdt (center), Miller (right guard), Sington (right tackle), Dothero (right end), Campbell (quarterback), Suther (left halfback), Cain (right halfback), and McWright (fullback). [28]

Kentucky

1 234Total
Alabama 6 0013 19
Kentucky 0 000 0

In what was the first road game of the season, Alabama traveled to Lexington and defeated the Wildcats 19–0. [30] Alabama scored its first points on a 49-yard Jimmy Moore touchdown pass to John Suther for a 6–0 lead. [31] Alabama scored 13 fourth quarter points to seal the victory. John Campbell and Leon Long each scored a touchdown on short runs to make the final score 19–0. [30] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Kentucky to 9–1. [32]

The starting lineup was: Moore (left end), Sington (left tackle), Howard (left guard), Eberdt (center), Godfrey (right guard), Clement (right tackle), Smith (right end), Campbell (quarterback), Suther (left halfback), McWright (right halfback), and Cain (fullback). [30]

Florida

1 234Total
Alabama 0 6014 20
Florida 0 000 0

In the first game ever played at Florida Field, Alabama defeated the Gators on their homecoming 20–0. [33] After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama scored their first points on a 21-yard John Campbell touchdown run for a 6–0 lead. [31] Alabama scored 14 fourth quarter points to seal the victory. Campbell and John Tucker each scored a touchdown on short runs to make the final score 20–0. [33] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Florida to 4–3. [34]

The starting lineup was: Elmore (left end), Godfree (left tackle), Sanford (left guard), Sharpe (center), Howard (right guard), Clement (right tackle), Dothero (right end), Miller (quarterback), Long (left halfback), McWright (right halfback), and Tucker (fullback). [33]

LSU

1 234Total
LSU 0 000 0
Alabama 14 1360 33

In the only game of the season played at the Cramton Bowl, Alabama defeated Louisiana State University 33–0. [35] Alabama's touchdowns were scored on an 80-yard John Campbell kickoff return and on runs by John Tucker, Hillman D. Holley, Leon Long, and Bellini. [31] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against LSU to 11–3–2. [36]

The starting lineup was: Moore (left end), Leslie (left tackle), Whitworth (left guard), Sharpe (center), Sanford (right guard), Godfree (right tackle), Smith (right end), Holley (quarterback), Long (left halfback), Tucker (right halfback), and Boykin (fullback). [35]

Georgia

1 234Total
Georgia 0 000 0
Alabama 6 007 13
  • Date: November 27
  • Location: Legion Field
    Birmingham, Alabama
  • Game attendance: 28,000
  • Referee: Arthur R. Hutchins

In their final regular season game, the Tide defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 13–0 to capture the Southern Conference championship. [35] John Campbell scored Alabama's first touchdown in the first quarter on a short run and Johnny Cain scored one in the fourth quarter on a one-yard run. [31] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 11–11–3. [38]

The starting lineup was: Moore (left end), Sington (left tackle), Howard (left guard), Eberdt (center), J. Miller (right guard), Clement (right tackle), Elmore (right end), Cain (quarterback), Suther (left halfback), Campbell (right halfback), and McWright (fullback). [37]

Washington State—Rose Bowl

Rose Bowl
1 234Total
Alabama 0 2130 24
Washington State 0 000 0
  • Date: January 1, 1931
  • Location: Rose Bowl
    Pasadena, California
  • Game attendance: 60,000

Immediately after their victory over Georgia in the season finale, University president George Denny accepted an invitation to play in the 1931 Rose Bowl against the Washington State Cougars. [40] The Crimson Tide overwhelmed the Cougars with their 24–0 victory before 60,000 fans at Pasadena. [39]

After a scoreless first, Alabama scored three second-quarter touchdowns in a six-minute blitz to take a 21–0 lead. The first score came on a 61-yard Jimmy Moore touchdown pass to John Henry Suther with the other two coming on touchdown runs of one and 43-yards by John Campbell. [39] Jennings B. Whitworth scored the final points of the game with his 30-yard field goal to give Alabama the 24–0 victory. [39]

The starting lineup was: Dobbs (left end), Clement (left tackle), Sanford (left guard), Sharpe (center), Whitworth (right guard), Godfree (right tackle), Elmore (right end), Tucker (quarterback), Long (left halfback), Holley (right halfback), and Boykin (fullback). [39]

National championship

The NCAA recognizes consensus national champions as the teams that have captured a championship by way of one of the major polls since the 1950 college football season. Prior to 1950, national championships were chosen by a variety of selectors, and in the 1980s, Alabama claimed the 1930 championship as one of its 16 claimed/recognized national championships. [1] [41] As such, Alabama claims a share of the 1930 national championship, with Notre Dame, due to each school being selected national champion by various major selectors. [1] Specifically, Alabama was selected national champion by Football Research, Parke Davis, and Sagarin and Sagarin (ELO-Chess). [1]

Personnel

Depth chart

The following chart provides a visual depiction of Alabama's lineup during the 1930 season with games started at the position reflected in parentheses. The chart mimics a single wing on offense.

Varsity letter winners

Line

Number Player Hometown Position Games
started
Height Weight Age
C. B. "Foots" Clement Rover, Arkansas Tackle 6'0" 230 26
Edgar Dobbs Collinsville, Alabama End
Autrey Dotherow Brooksville, Alabama End
Jess Eberdt Blytheville, Arkansas Center
Albert Elmore Reform, Alabama End
John Lewis Hundertmark Tuscaloosa, Alabama Tackle
Ellis "Red" Houston Bessemer, Alabama Center
Frank Howard Barlow Bend, Alabama Guard
Max Jackson Notasulga, Alabama Tackle
Carney Laslie Charlotte, North Carolina Tackle
Hugh Miller Round Mountain, Alabama Guard
John Miller Hazelhurst, Mississippi Guard
Jimmy Moore Anniston, Alabama End
Donald Sanford Parrish, Alabama Guard
Joe F. Sharpe Mobile, Alabama Center
43 Fred Sington Birmingham, Alabama Tackle 6'2" 215 20
Ben Smith Haleyville, Alabama End
Jennings B. Whitworth Blytheville, Arkansas Tackle

Backfield

Number Player Hometown Position Games
started
Height Weight age
25 Johnny Cain Montgomery, Alabama Fullback 5'10" 183 22
John Campbell Durant, Mississippi Quarterback
Hillman D. Holley Tuscaloosa, Alabama Back
Leon Long Haleyville, Alabama Halfback
Ralph McRight Mount Hope, Alabama Halfback
John Henry Suther Tuscaloosa, Alabama Halfback
John Tucker Russellville, Arkansas Quarterback

[42]

Coaching staff

Name Position Seasons
at Alabama
Alma Mater
Wallace Wade Head coach 9 Brown (1917)
Paul Burnum Assistant coach 1 Alabama (1922)
Hank Crisp Assistant coach 10 VPI (1920)
Orville "Tiny" Hewitt Assistant coach 1 Army (1927)
Jess Neely Assistant coach 3 Vanderbilt (1923)
Clyde "Shorty" Propst Assistant coach 6 Alabama (1924)
Jimmy R. Haygood Freshman coach 3 Vanderbilt (1906)

[43]

Notes

  1. ^ He was named punter for the Alabama Crimson Tide All-Century Team. [3]

References

General

  • "1930 Season Recap" (PDF). RollTide.com. University of Alabama Department of Intercollegiate Athletics. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 4, 2012. Retrieved March 25, 2012.

Specific

  1. ^ a b c d National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). "National Poll Champions" (PDF). 2011 NCAA Division I Football Records. NCAA.org. p. 73. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  2. ^ a b Richard, Scott (2004). Legends of Alabama Football. Champaign, Illinois: Sports Publishing, LLC. p. 4. ISBN  9781582612775. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  3. ^ Scott, Richard (2004). Legends of Alabama Football. Champaign, Illinois: Sports Publishing LLC. p. 45. ISBN  978-1582612775.
  4. ^ a b "Wade will leave 'Bama in 1931". The Tuscaloosa News. April 1, 1930. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  5. ^ "Hall of Fame inductee search: Wallace Wade". National Football Foundation. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
  6. ^ "Alabama crushes Howard Bulldogs by 43 to 0 score". The Selma Times-Journal. September 28, 1930. Retrieved February 21, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ "Alabama brilliant, sweeping through Ole Miss, 64 to 0". The Anniston Star. October 5, 1930. Retrieved February 21, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ "Alabama uses straight football to conquer Sewanee, 25 to 0". The Birmingham News. October 12, 1930. Retrieved February 21, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "Vols' victorious march is ended as Tide wins, 18–6". The Knoxville Journal. October 19, 1930. Retrieved February 21, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ "Brilliant running of Suther is big factor in Alabama win". Nashville Banner. October 26, 1930. Retrieved February 21, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ "Bama slaughters its third 'giant'". The Lexington Herald. November 2, 1930. Retrieved February 21, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ "Alabama Tide drowns Gator hope of title". The Tampa Tribune. November 9, 1930. Retrieved February 21, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "Thundering Herd stampedes L.S.U. as reserves riot, 33–0". The Montgomery Advertiser. November 16, 1930. Retrieved February 21, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ "Crimson Tide sweeps on and on to Pasadena". The Birmingham News. November 28, 1930. Retrieved February 21, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ "Alabamans victorious - Cougars bow by 24–0 score". Los Angeles Times. January 2, 1931. Retrieved February 21, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ "1930 Alabama football archives". RollTide.com. University of Alabama Department of Intercollegiate Athletics. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  17. ^ a b c "'Bama 43, Howard 0". The Tuscaloosa News. September 28, 1930. p. 11. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  18. ^ a b c d "Suther stars in Tide win". The Tuscaloosa News. September 28, 1930. p. 11. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  19. ^ "Alabama gains 513 yards with scrimmage play". The Tuscaloosa News. September 28, 1930. p. 11. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  20. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Samford". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on October 23, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  21. ^ a b c "Tide trounces Ole Miss 64–0". The Tuscaloosa News. September 28, 1930. p. 12. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  22. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Mississippi". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on October 23, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  23. ^ a b c d e f "Tide gains force in last quarter to defeat Tigers". The Tuscaloosa News. October 12, 1930. p. 11. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  24. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Sewanee". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on October 23, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  25. ^ a b c d "Tide drowns Vols, 18–6". The Tuscaloosa News. October 19, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  26. ^ a b c "How they scored". The Tuscaloosa News. October 19, 1930. p. 11. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  27. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Tennessee". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  28. ^ a b c d e f "Running attack beats air raid of Commodores". The Tuscaloosa News. October 26, 1930. p. 9. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  29. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Vanderbilt". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on December 31, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  30. ^ a b c d "Tide doused Wildcats 19 to 0". The Tuscaloosa News. November 2, 1930. p. 9. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  31. ^ a b c d 1930 Season Recap
  32. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Kentucky". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  33. ^ a b c d "Tide gets Gator hides, 20–0". The Tuscaloosa News. November 9, 1930. p. 9. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  34. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Florida". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  35. ^ a b c d "Tide 33 LSU 0". The Tuscaloosa News. November 16, 1930. p. 9. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  36. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Louisiana State". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  37. ^ a b "Tide drowns Bulldogs 13 to 0 for Southern Conference title". The Tuscaloosa News. November 28, 1930. p. 7. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  38. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Georgia". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  39. ^ a b c d e Zimmerman, Paul (January 2, 1931). "Tide trounces Cougars in bowl classic, 24 to 0". The Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. p. 7. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  40. ^ "Tide takes coast bid". The Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. November 28, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved March 25, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  41. ^ Solomon, Jon (January 6, 2010). "Got 12? Here's how Alabama bumped up its claim to a dozen national titles". The Birmingham News. AL.com. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
  42. ^ "All-Time Tide Football Lettermen". 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide Football Record Book. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Athletics Media Relations Office. 2011. pp. 127–141.
  43. ^ "All-Time Assistant Coaches". 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide Football Record Book. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Athletics Media Relations Office. 2011. pp. 142–143.