From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the year 1876. For the novel by Gore Vidal, see
1876 (novel) .
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1876 .
1876 (
MDCCCLXXVI ) was a
leap year starting on Saturday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
leap year starting on Thursday of the
Julian calendar , the 1876th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 876th year of the
2nd millennium , the 76th year of the
19th century , and the 7th year of the
1870s decade. As of the start of 1876, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
February 2
February 14 –
Alexander Graham Bell applies for a
patent for the telephone, as does
Elisha Gray .
February 19 –
Third Carlist War : Government troops under General Primo de Rivera drive through the weak Carlist forces protecting Estella and take the city by storm.
February 22 –
Johns Hopkins University is founded in
Baltimore , Maryland.
February 24 – The first stage production of the verse-play
Peer Gynt by
Henrik Ibsen premieres, with incidental music by
Edvard Grieg , in Christiania (modern-day
Oslo ),
Norway .
February 26 – The Japanese force the Korean government to sign the
Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 (having brought a fleet to
Incheon , the port of modern-day
Seoul ), opening three ports to Japanese trade and forcing Korea's
Joseon dynasty to cease considering itself a tributary of China. On China's urging, Korea also signs treaties with the European powers, in an effort to counterbalance Japan.
February 28 –
Third Carlist War : The
Carlist forces do not succeed, and the promises are never fulfilled. The
Carlist
pretender
Carlos, Duke of Madrid , goes into exile in France, bringing the conflict to an end after four years.
February –
March –
The Harvard Lampoon humor magazine is founded in
Cambridge, Massachusetts .
Spring – Thousands of
Plains Indians in the United States travel to an
encampment of the
Sioux chief
Sitting Bull in the region of the
Little Bighorn River , creating the last great gathering of native peoples on the
Great Plains .
[3]
March – American librarian
Melvil Dewey first publishes the
Dewey Decimal Classification system.
[4]
March 2 – United States Secretary of War
William W. Belknap resigns his office in the wake of the
trader post scandal .
March 7 –
Alexander Graham Bell is granted a United States
patent for the
telephone .
[5]
March 10 – Alexander Graham Bell makes the first successful telephone call, saying "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you".
March 20 – Through constitutional reform taking legal effect,
Louis De Geer becomes the first
Prime Minister of Sweden .
April–June
April 1 –
Lars Magnus Ericsson starts a small mechanical workshop in
Stockholm ,
Sweden (from April 27 partnering with Carl Johan Andersson), dealing with
telegraphy equipment, which grows into the worldwide company
Ericsson .
April 12 – The
Indian Act comes into force in Canada.
April 16 – The
April Uprising in
Bulgaria occurs.
April 17 –
Friends Academy is founded by Gideon Frost at
Locust Valley, New York .
May –
April Uprising (Bulgaria):
Batak massacre – Bulgarians in Batak are massacred by Ottoman troops. The number of victims ranges from 3,000 to 5,000, depending on the source.
May 1
May 10
May 11 /
12 –
Berlin Memorandum : Germany, Russia and
Austria-Hungary propose an armistice between
Turkey and its
insurgents .
May 16
May 17 –
Nicolaus Otto files his
patent for the
four-stroke cycle
internal combustion engine .
[8]
May 18 –
Wyatt Earp starts work in
Dodge City, Kansas , serving under
Marshal Larry Deger.
May 29 – The United States Senate votes 37 to 29 that U.S. Secretary of War
William W. Belknap cannot be barred from trial and
impeachment , despite being a private citizen; however, this is far short of the two-thirds majority required and thus he is acquitted.
May 30 –
Abdülaziz is deposed by his nephew
Murad V as
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire on the grounds of mismanaging the economy; 6 days later, Abdülaziz is found dead at the
Çırağan Palace in Istanbul and 93 days later Murad is deposed by
Abdul Hamid II on the grounds of mental illness. For this reason, in
Turkey 1876 is known as the 'Year of the Three Sultans'.
May 30 – The secret decree of
Ems Ukaz , issued by Russian Tsar
Alexander II in the German city of
Bad Ems , was aimed at stopping the printing and distribution of
Ukrainian-language publications in the
Russian Empire .
[9]
[10]
June 4 – The
Transcontinental Express arrives in
San Francisco via the
First transcontinental railroad , 83 hours and 39 minutes after having left
New York City .
June 17 –
American Indian Wars :
Battle of the Rosebud – 1,500
Sioux and
Cheyenne , led by
Crazy Horse , beat back General
George Crook 's forces at Rosebud Creek in
Montana Territory .
June 19 – Jászkunság, the last remnant of
Kunság within
Austria-Hungary , is disestablished.
June 25 /
26 –
American Indian Wars :
Battle of the Little Bighorn : 300 men of the
U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment under
Lieutenant Colonel
George Armstrong Custer are wiped out by 5,000
Lakota ,
Cheyenne and
Arapaho , led by
Sitting Bull and
Crazy Horse .
July – September
Punch cartoon from
June 17 . Russia preparing to let slip the "Dogs of War", its imminent engagement in the growing Balkan
conflict between Slavic states and
Turkey , while policeman
John Bull (Britain) warns Russia to take care. The Slavic states of Serbia and Montenegro would declare war on Turkey two weeks later.
July 1 –
Serbia
declares war on the
Ottoman Empire .
July 2 –
Montenegro declares war on the
Ottoman Empire .
July 4 – The United States
Centennial Exposition is celebrated across the country.
July 8 –
Reichstadt Agreement : Russia and Austria-Hungary agree on partitioning the
Balkan Peninsula .
July 13 – The prosecution of
Arthur Tooth , an
Anglican
clergyman , for using
ritualist practices begins.
August 1
August 2 –
Wild Bill Hickok is murdered in
Deadwood, South Dakota .
August 6 – The first issue of
Arabic language
newspaper
Al-Ahram is published by
Saleem and
Beshara Takla in
Alexandria ,
Muhammad Ali dynasty (modern-day
Egypt ).
[11]
August 8 –
Thomas Edison receives a patent for his
mimeograph .
August 13 – The
Bayreuth Festival , showcasing the stage works of
Richard Wagner , is inaugurated under the direction of him and his wife
Cosima .
[12]
August 31 –
Murad V ,
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire , is deposed and succeeded by his brother
Abdul Hamid II .
September 5 – British Prime Minister
William Gladstone publishes his Bulgarian Horrors pamphlet.
September 7 – In
Northfield, Minnesota ,
Jesse James and the
James–Younger Gang attempt to rob the town's bank, but are surrounded by an angry mob and nearly wiped out.
September 12 –
King Leopold II of Belgium hosts the
Brussels Geographic Conference , on the subject of colonizing and exploring central Africa. By the event's conclusion, a new international body named the
International African Association (indirect forerunner of the
modern Congo state ) is established.
September 26 – Global
consumer goods and
personal care company
Henkel is founded by
Friedrich Karl Henkel in
Aachen ,
Germany .
[13]
October–December
October 4 –
Texas A&M University opens for classes.
October 6 – The
American Library Association is founded in
Philadelphia .
October 26 –
José María Iglesias begins his disputed
presidency of Mexico .
[14]
October 31 – The great
1876 Bengal cyclone strikes the coast of modern-day Bangladesh, killing 200,000.
November 1 – The British
Colony of New Zealand dissolves its
9 provinces and replaces them with
63 counties .
November 4 – The long-awaited
First Symphony of
Johannes Brahms has its première at
Karlsruhe , under the baton of
Otto Dessoff .
November 7
November 10 – The
Centennial Exposition ends in
Philadelphia ,
Pennsylvania .
November 23 – Corrupt
Tammany Hall leader William Marcy Tweed (better known as
Boss Tweed ) is delivered to authorities in New York City, after being captured in Spain.
November 25 –
American Indian Wars :
Dull Knife Fight – In retaliation for the dramatic American defeat at the
Battle of the Little Bighorn ,
United States Army troops under General
Ranald S. Mackenzie sack
Chief Dull Knife 's sleeping
Cheyenne village at the headwaters of the
Powder River . The soldiers destroy all of the villagers' winter food and clothing, and then slash their ponies' throats.
November 29 –
Porfirio Díaz becomes President of Mexico.
December – The first American edition of
Mark Twain 's
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is published by the
American Publishing Company ; a British edition has appeared in early June in London with the first review appearing on June 24 in a British magazine.
December 2 – Chugai Economic Daily , predecessor of Nikkei Economic Daily (
Nihon Keizai Shinbun ), is first issued in
Tokyo ,
Japan .
[15]
December 5 – The
Brooklyn Theatre fire kills at least 278, possibly more than 300.
December 6 – The first
cremation in the United States takes place, in a crematory built by
Francis Julius LeMoyne at
North Franklin Township, Pennsylvania .
December 13 – New
Constitution of the Ottoman Empire signed, ending
Tanzimat in the
Ottoman Empire .
December 23 –
Constantinople Conference opens.
December 29 – The
Ashtabula River railroad disaster occurs in
Ohio when a bridge collapses, leaving 92 dead.
Date unknown
Carlo Pellegrini (caricaturist) by
Edgar Degas , c. 1876 - Medium: Oil paint on paper mounted on board ; Dimensions: Frame: 800 × 515 × 85 mm support: 632 × 340 mm ; Collection:
Tate .
The
Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–79 , which will claim 30 million lives and become the
5th-worst famine in recorded history , begins after the droughts of the previous year.
Heinz Tomato Ketchup is introduced.
Adolphus Busch 's brewery,
Anheuser-Busch in
St. Louis ,
Missouri , first markets
Budweiser , a
pale lager , as a nationally sold
beer .
Charles Wells opens his
brewery , based in
Bedford , England.
Star Oil Company, predecessor of the global
Chevron
energy product and sales brand, is founded in
California , United States.[
citation needed ]
Emile Berliner invents an improved form of
microphone which will be adopted for
Alexander Graham Bell 's telephone.
[16]
Lyford House, by
Richardson Bay ,
Tiburon, California , is constructed.
Construction of
Spandau Prison in Berlin is completed.
Samurai are banned from carrying swords in
Japan , and their stipends are replaced by a one-time grant of income-bearing bonds.
The
Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland is founded.
Heinrich Schliemann begins excavation at
Mycenae .
Stockport Lacrosse Club , thought to be the oldest existing
lacrosse club in the world, is founded at Cale Green Cricket Club in
Davenport, near Manchester in England, where they will still be playing in the 21st century.
Births
January–March
Konrad Adenauer
Otto Diels
Pope Pius XII
January 5 –
Konrad Adenauer ,
Chancellor of Germany (d.
1967 )
[17]
January 8 –
Arturs Alberings , Prime Minister of Latvia (d.
1934 )
January 12
January 20 –
Józef Hofmann , Polish pianist (d.
1967 )
January 22 –
Bess Houdini , wife, stage partner of
Harry Houdini (d.
1943 )
January 23 –
Otto Diels , German chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1954 )
January 24 –
Theodor Tobler , Swiss chocolatier, founder of
Toblerone (d.
1941 )
January 29 –
Havergal Brian , British composer (d.
1972 )
February 8 –
Paula Modersohn-Becker , German painter (d.
1907 )
February 12 –
Thubten Gyatso , 13th
Dalai Lama (d.
1933 )
February 16
February 19 –
Constantin Brâncuși , Romanian sculptor (d.
1957 )
February 22 –
Zitkala-Sa , Native American writer, activist, editor, educator and translator (d.
1938 )
[18]
February 23 –
Senjūrō Hayashi , Japanese general and politician,
Prime Minister of Japan (d.
1943 )
March 1 –
Henri de Baillet-Latour , Belgian International Olympic Committee president (d.
1942 )
March 2
March 4 –
Theodore Hardeen , Hungarian magician and stunt performer, founder of the Magician's Guild (d.
1945 )
March 5 –
Tiburcio Carías Andino ,
24th President of Honduras (d.
1969 )[
citation needed ]
March 6 –
A. A. Kannisto , Finnish politician (d.
1930 )
[20]
March 7 –
Edgar Evans , Welsh naval seaman and polar explorer (d.
1912 )
March 11 –
Carl Ruggles , American composer (d.
1971 )
March 15 –
Óscar R. Benavides , 67th and 76th
President of Peru (d.
1945 )
March 21 –
Walter Tewksbury , American athlete (d.
1968 )
March 22 –
Henry O'Malley , American fish culturist, United States Commissioner of Fisheries (d.
1936 )
March 26 –
Wilhelm, Prince of Albania , sovereign Prince of Albania (d.
1945 )
March 31 –
Borisav Stanković ,
Serbian writer (d.
1927 )
April–June
Erich Raeder
Oskar Fischer
April 1
April 3 –
Margaret Anglin , Canadian stage actress (d.
1958 )
April 4
April 9 –
Ettore Bastico , Italian field marshal (d.
1972 )
April 11 –
Paul Henry , Irish artist (d.
1958 )
April 12 –
Oskar Fischer , Czech Scientist (d.
1942 )
April 14 – Sir
Murray Bisset , South African cricketer, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (d.
1931 )
April 22 –
Róbert Bárány , Hungarian physician, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1936 )
April 23 –
Mary Ellicott Arnold , American social activist, writer (d.
1968 )
April 24 –
Erich Raeder , German admiral (d.
1960 )
April 26 –
Mariam Thresia Chiramel , Indian Catholic professed religious and stigmatist (d.
1926 )
May 10
May 18 –
Hermann Müller ,
Chancellor of Germany (d.
1931 )
June 4 –
Clara Blandick , American actress (d.
1962 )
June 13 –
William Sealy Gosset , English chemist and statistician (d.
1937 )
June 19 – Sir
Nigel Gresley , English steam locomotive engineer (
Flying Scotsman &
Mallard ) (d.
1941 )
June 22 –
Madeleine Vionnet , French fashion designer (d.
1975 )
July–September
Wilhelm Cuno
Alphaeus Philemon Cole
Mata Hari
July 2 –
Wilhelm Cuno ,
Chancellor of Germany (d.
1933 )
July 3 –
George Murray Levick , British Antarctic explorer and naval surgeon (d.
1956 )
[21]
July 6 –
Luis Emilio Recabarren , Chilean politician, founder of the
Communist Party of Chile . (d.
1924 )
July 8 –
Alexandros Papanastasiou , 2-time prime minister of Greece (d.
1936 )
July 12
July 16 –
Alfred Stock , German chemist (d.
1946 )
July 19
July 29 –
Maria Ouspenskaya , Russian actress, acting teacher (d.
1949 )
August 7 –
Mata Hari , Dutch exotic dancer, spy (d.
1917 )
August 15 –
Stylianos Gonatas , Prime Minister of Greece (d.
1966 )
August 17
August 25 –
Eglantyne Jebb , English co-founder of the
Save the Children Fund , champion of children's human rights (d.
1928 )
August 29 –
Kim Ku , Korean politician (d.
1949 )
September 1 –
Harriet Shaw Weaver , English political activist (d.
1961 )
September 5 –
Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb , German field marshal (d.
1956 )
September 6 –
John Macleod , Scottish-born physician and physiologist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1935 )
September 7 –
Francesco Buhagiar , 2nd Prime Minister of Malta (d.
1934 )
September 13 –
Sherwood Anderson , American writer (d.
1941 )
September 15 –
Bruno Walter , German conductor (d.
1962 )
September 16 –
Marvin Hart , American boxer (d.
1931 )
September 18 –
James Scullin , 9th Prime Minister of Australia (d.
1953 )
September 22 –
André Tardieu , 3-time prime minister of France (d.
1945 )
September 23 –
Brudenell White , Australian general (d.
1940 )
September 26 –
Edith Abbott , American social worker, educator and author (d.
1957 )
September 29 –
Charlie Llewellyn , first non-white South African Test cricketer (d.
1964 )
October–December
Karl Leopold von Möller
Adolf Windaus
October 7 –
Louis Tancred , South African cricketer (d.
1934 )
October 9 –
Sol Plaatje , South African political activist (d.
1932 )
October 11 –
Karl Leopold von Möller , German officer, journalist, author and politician (d.
1943 )
October 13 –
Rube Waddell , American baseball player (d.
1914 )
October 21 – Sir
Fraser Russell , South African-born
Governor of Southern Rhodesia (d.
1952 )
October 26 –
H. B. Warner , English stage, screen actor (d.
1958 )
October 29 –
Anton Boisen , American founder of the
clinical pastoral education movement (d.
1965 )
November 2 –
Alfred S. Alschuler , American architect (d.
1940 )
November 3 –
Rupert D'Oyly Carte , English hotelier, theatre owner and impresario (d.
1948 )
November 7
November 17 –
August Sander , German photographer (d.
1964 )
November 23 –
Manuel de Falla , Spanish composer (d.
1946 )
November 24 –
Walter Burley Griffin , American architect (d.
1937 )
December 9 –
Berton Churchill , Canadian actor (d.
1940 )
December 12 –
Alvin Kraenzlein , American athlete (d.
1928 )
December 21 –
Jack Lang , Australian politician (d.
1975 )
December 25
December 29
Date unknown
Deaths
January–June
General
George Armstrong Custer
Antonio López de Santa Anna
January 10 –
Gordon Granger , American General (b.
1822 )
January 15 –
Eliza McCardle Johnson ,
First Lady of the United States (b.
1810 )
February 10 –
Reverdy Johnson , American politician (b.
1796 )
February 18 –
Charlotte Cushman , American actress (b.
1816 )
February 24 –
Joseph Jenkins Roberts , 2-time President of Liberia (b.
1809 )
March 29 –
Karl Ferdinand Ranke , German educator (b.
1806 )
April 9 –
Charles Goodyear , American politician (b.
1804 )
May 3 –
Luis Francisco Benítez de Lugo y Benítez de Lugo (b.
1837 )
May 7 –
William Buell Sprague , American clergyman, author (b.
1795 )
May 8 –
Truganini , Tasmanian language=Aboriginal woman (b. c.
1812 )
May 24 –
Henry Kingsley , English novelist (b.
1830 )
May 26 –
František Palacký , Czech historian, politician (b.
1798 )
June 1 –
Hristo Botev , Bulgarian revolutionary (b.
1848 )
June 4 –
Abdülaziz , 32nd
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b.
1830 )
June 6 –
Auguste Casimir-Perier , French diplomat (b.
1811 )
June 7 –
Josephine of Leuchtenberg , Queen of Sweden and Norway (b.
1807 )
June 8 –
George Sand , French writer (b.
1804 )
June 20 –
John Neal , American writer, critic and women's rights activist (b.
1793 )
[22]
June 21 –
Antonio López de Santa Anna , 11-time
President of Mexico (b.
1794 )
[23]
June 25 –
George Armstrong Custer , U.S. Army general (in battle) (b.
1839 )
June 27 –
Harriet Martineau , British social theorist, writer (b.
1802 )
July–December
Wild Bill Hickok
July 1
August 2 –
Wild Bill Hickok , American gunfighter, entertainer (b.
1837 )
September 5 –
Manuel Blanco Encalada , Spanish-Chilean admiral and politician, 1st President of Chile (b.
1790 )
September 7 –
Nicolás Patiño Sosa , Venezuelan military man (b.
1825 )
September 10 –
John Ireland Howe , American inventor (b.
1793 )
September 27 –
Braxton Bragg , American Confederate Civil War general (b.
1817 )
October 1 –
James Lick , American land baron (b.
1796 )
November 16 –
Karl Ernst von Baer , Estonian-German scientist, explorer (b.
1792 )
November 18 –
Narcisse Virgilio Díaz , French painter (b.
1807 )
December 29 –
Titus Salt , English woollen manufacturer, philanthropist (b.
1803 )
December 31 –
Catherine Labouré , French visionary, saint (b.
1806 )
Date unknown
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Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia ...for 1876 (1885)
online edition , comprehensive world coverage