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Calendar year
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1873 .
1873 (
MDCCCLXXIII ) was a
common year starting on Wednesday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Monday of the
Julian calendar , the 1873rd year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 873rd year of the
2nd millennium , the 73rd year of the
19th century , and the 4th year of the
1870s decade. As of the start of 1873, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
April–June
April 1 – British ocean liner
RMS Atlantic sinks off
Nova Scotia , killing 547.
April 4 –
The Kennel Club , the world's first
kennel club , is founded in the United Kingdom.
April 15 –
17 –
American Indian Wars : The
Second Battle of the Stronghold is fought.
April 19 – In
Richmond, Rhode Island , 11 people perish in a train derailment, due to a bridge washout in the village of Richmond Switch (modern-day
Wood River Junction ).
May – Henry Rose exhibits
barbed wire at an
Illinois county fair, which is taken up by
Joseph Glidden and
Jacob Haish , who invent a machine to mass-produce it.
May 5 –
Third Carlist War in Spain: Battle of Eraul – Carlists under General Dorregaray defeat Republicans at Eraul, near Estella.
May 9
May 20
May 23
May 27 – Classical archaeologist
Heinrich Schliemann discovers
Priam's Treasure .
May 28
June 4 –
American Indian Wars : The
Modoc War ends with the capture of
Kintpuash (Captain Jack ).
June 9 –
Alexandra Palace entertainment venue in London is destroyed by fire, only a fortnight after its opening.
July–September
July – The end of the war between the United Kingdom and
Ghana 's King Kofi KariKari, who is involved in the trading of
slaves , leads to the establishment of the
Gold Coast Colony .
July 1 –
Prince Edward Island joins the
Canadian Confederation .
July 5 – New Rush in
Griqualand West ,
South Africa , is renamed
Kimberley .
[1]
July 9 –
Third Carlist War : Battle of Alpens – Campaigning in Catalonia, a government column under General
José Cabrinetty is ambushed at
Alpens , 15 miles east of Berga, by Carlist forces under General
Francisco Savalls . After heavy fighting, with Cabrinety killed, virtually the entire column of 800 men is killed or captured.
July 17 –
Richard Southey becomes the first Lieutenant-Governor of
Griqualand West .
[2]
July 21 – At
Adair, Iowa ,
Jesse James and the
James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful
train robbery in the
American Old West (US$3,000 from the Rock Island Express).
July 22 –
Sir Benjamin Pine becomes
Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal .
August 4 –
American Indian Wars : While protecting a railroad survey party in
Montana , the
Seventh Cavalry , under Lieutenant Colonel
George Armstrong Custer , clashes for the first time with the
Sioux , near the
Tongue River (only 1 man on each side is killed).
August 12 – A peace treaty is signed between
Imperial Russia and the
Khanate of Khiva , making the khanate a Russian protectorate.
August 30 – The
Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition discovers
Franz Josef Land .
[3]
September 15 – The
International Meteorological Organization (IMO) is established.
September 16 – German troops leave France upon completion of payment of indemnity for the
Franco-Prussian War .
September 17 – The Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, later
Ohio State University , opens its doors with 25 students, including 2 women.
September 18 – A New York stock market crash helps to trigger the
Panic of 1873 , part of the
Long Depression .
September 25 – Classes begin at
Drury University in
Springfield, Missouri .
October–December
October – The
Long Depression begins in the United States.
November 7
Alexander Mackenzie becomes the second
Prime Minister of Canada .
Third Carlist War : Battle of Montejurra – Determined to recapture the key city of
Estella in Navarre, Spanish Republican General Domingo Moriones advances on the Carlists under General Joaquín Elío at nearby
Montejurra . After very heavy fighting both sides claim victory, but Moriones withdraws, and Estella remains in Carlist hands. Don Carlos is present in the front line.
November 17 –
Budapest , Hungary's capital, is formed from
Pest ,
Buda and
Óbuda .
November 18 –
21 –
Irish Home Rule movement : The
Home Government Association reconstitutes itself as the
Home Rule League .
November 22 –
SS Ville du Havre , on passage from New York to France, collides with Scottish 3-masted iron clipper Loch Earn in mid-Atlantic and sinks in 12 minutes with the loss of 226 lives.
December – Major
Walter Clopton Wingfield designs and
patents a
racquet sport , which he calls sphairistike (
Greek σφάίρίστική, "skill at playing at ball"), soon known simply as
Stické and an ancestor of
lawn tennis , for the amusement of his guests at a garden party on his estate of Nantclwyd, in
Llanelidan , Wales.
December 15 – Women of
Fredonia, New York , march against the retail liquor dealers in town, to inaugurate the Woman's Crusade of 1873–74.
December 16 – The
Heineken Brewery is founded in
Amsterdam , the Netherlands.
December 19 (December 7 OS) –
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's fantasia
The Tempest , composed between August and October, is premiered, in Moscow.
December 21 – French official
Francis Garnier is attacked outside
Hanoi by
Black Flag mercenaries fighting for the
Vietnamese .
December 22 –
Third Carlist War : Battle of Bocairente – Campaigning in Valenica, Spanish Republican General
Valeriano Weyler is attacked at Bocairente, northwest of Alcoy, by a greatly superior Carlist force under General José Santés. Weyler is initially driven back, losing some of his guns, but in a brilliant counter-attack he turns defeat into victory, and Santés is heavily repulsed and forced to withdraw.
December 23 – The
Woman's Christian Temperance Union is founded, in
Hillsboro, Ohio .
December 27 –
Third Carlist War : Siege of Bilbao (until
2 May
1874 ) – Campaigning in
Navarre , Pretender Don Carlos VII and General Joaquín Elío besiege
Bilbao , held by General Ignacio del Castillo and 1,200 men. The Carlist force is ten times this number, and includes most of the troops from Navarre,
Vizcaya and
Álava , although a considerable force is left in Guipúzcoa. Despite defeat at nearby Somorrostro, Republican commander Marshal
Francisco Serrano , supported by Generals Manuel de la Concha and
Arsenio Martínez-Campos , brilliantly breaks the siege, and Concha then marches on Estella.
Date unknown
The
League of the Three Emperors is created. It links the conservative monarchs of
Austria-Hungary , the
German Empire and the
Russian Empire in an alliance against radical movements.
Founding in Canada of:
Liebig's Extract of Meat Company begins producing tinned
corned beef , sold under the label
Fray Bentos , from the town in
Uruguay where it is processed.
Coors Brewing Company begins making
beer in
Golden, Colorado .
Konishiya Rokubei, predecessor of the
Konica Minolta worldwide imaging brand, is founded in
Tokyo , Japan.
[4]
The
Swedish arms company Aktiebolaget (AB) Bofors-Gullspång, better known as
Bofors , is founded.
In
Mexico , the
Veracruz –Mexico City railroad is completed.
Nine
Pekin ducks are imported to
Long Island (the first in the United States).
The
Married Woman's Property Rights Association is founded in Sweden.
Demonstration of an electric
tram operated on
Miller's line at
Sestroretsk near
Saint Petersburg in the Russian Empire by inventor
Fyodor Pirotsky .
[5]
[6]
Births
January–March
Adolph Zukor
Melitta Bentz
Enrico Caruso
Sergei Rachmaninoff
Hans Berger
Otto Loewi
Alexis Carrel
January 2 –
Thérèse of Lisieux , Catholic saint, mystic (d.
1897 )
January 4 –
Blanche Walsh , American stage, screen actress (d.
1915 )
January 7 –
Adolph Zukor , Austrian-born film studio pioneer (d.
1976 )
January 8 –
Iuliu Maniu , Romanian politician (d.
1953 )
January 9
January 10 –
George Orton , Canadian athlete (d.
1958 )
January 12 –
Spyridon Louis , Greek runner (d.
1940 )
January 20 –
Johannes V. Jensen , Danish writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1950 )
[7]
January 28 –
Colette , French writer (d.
1954 )
[8]
January 29 –
Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi , Italian mountaineer, explorer and admiral (d.
1933 )
January 30 –
Vassily Balabanov , administrator, Provincial Governor of
Imperial Russia (d.
1947 )
January 31 –
Melitta Bentz , German entrepreneur who invented the coffee filter in
1908 (d.
1950 )
February 2 –
Maurice Tourneur , French film director (d.
1961 )
February 3
February 4 –
Étienne Desmarteau , Canadian athlete (d.
1905 )
February 7 –
Thomas Andrews , Irish shipbuilder (d.
1912 )
[9]
February 13
February 15 –
Hans von Euler-Chelpin , German-born chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1964 )
February 19 –
Louis Feuillade , French film director (d.
1925 )
April–June
April 1 (
N.S. )/
March 20 (
O.S. ) –
Sergei Rachmaninoff , Russian pianist and composer (d.
1943 )
[13]
April 4 –
Gyula Peidl , 23rd prime minister of Hungary (d.
1943 )
April 7 –
John McGraw , American baseball player, manager (d.
1934 )
April 10 –
Kyösti Kallio ,
Prime Minister and
President of Finland (d.
1940 )
April 13 –
John W. Davis , American politician, diplomat, and lawyer (d.
1955 )
April 19 –
Sydney Barnes , English cricketer (d.
1967 )
April 20 –
Gombojab Tsybikov , Russian explorer (d.
1930 )
April 22 –
Ellen Glasgow , American writer (d.
1945 )
[14]
April 23 –
Theodor Körner ,
President of Austria (d.
1957 )
April 25
May 4 –
Joe De Grasse , Canadian film director (d.
1940 )
May 5 –
Leon Czolgosz , assassin of U.S. President
William McKinley (d.
1901 )
May 9 –
Anton Cermak , Mayor of Chicago (d.
1933 )
May 10 –
Cary D. Landis , American attorney and politician (d.
1938 )
May 15 –
Oskari Tokoi , Finnish socialist and the Chairman of the Senate of Finland (d.
1963 )
[15]
May 17
May 21 –
Hans Berger , German neurologist (d.
1941 )
May 28 –
D. D. Sheehan , Irish politician (d.
1948 )
June 2 –
Anna Eliza Williams , British supercentenarian and oldest person in the world (b. 1873)
June 3 –
Otto Loewi , German-born pharmacologist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1961 )
June 15 –
Leonora Cohen , British suffragette and trade unionist (d.
1978 )
June 28 –
Alexis Carrel , French surgeon and biologist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1944 )
June 29 –
Monroe Dunaway Anderson , Founder of Anderson, Clayton and Company; "Father of Texas Medical Center" (d.
1939 )
July–September
Prince Yamashina Kikumaro
Karl Schwarzschild
Ramón Castillo
July 1
July 3 –
Prince Yamashina Kikumaro , Japanese prince (d.
1908 )
July 6 –
Dimitrios Maximos , Prime Minister of Greece (d.
1955 )
July 8 –
Carl Vaugoin , 7th Chancellor of Austria (d.
1949 )
July 12 –
Oscar von Sydow , 18th prime minister of Sweden (d.
1936 )
July 17 –
Many Benner , French painter (d.
1965 )
July 20 –
Alberto Santos-Dumont , Brazilian aviation pioneer (d.
1932 )
August 4 –
Dámaso Berenguer , Spanish general and politician (d.
1953 )
August 5 –
Joseph Russell Knowland , American politician, newspaperman (d.
1966 )
August 10 –
William Ernest Hocking , American philosopher (d.
1966 )
August 13 –
Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven , South African author (d.
1932 )
August 17 –
John A. Sampson , American gynecologist (d.
1946 )
August 18 –
Otto Harbach , American lyricist (d.
1963 )
[17]
August 20 –
William Henry Bell , 1st director of the
South African College of Music (d.
1946 )
August 21 –
Harry T. Morey , American actor (d.
1936 )
August 26 –
Lee de Forest , American inventor (d.
1961 )
September 1
September 5 –
Cornelius Vanderbilt III , American military officer, inventor, engineer (d.
1942 )
September 8
September 17 –
Ibrahim of Johor , Malaysian sultan (d.
1959 )
September 20
September 21 –
Papa Jack Laine , American jazz musician (d.
1966 )
October–December
October 8 –
Ma Barker , American criminal (d.
1935 )
October 9 –
Karl Schwarzschild , German physicist, astronomer (d.
1916 )
October 13 –
Georgios Kafantaris , Prime Minister of Greece (d.
1946 )
October 14 –
Ray Ewry , American athlete (d.
1937 )
October 18 –
Ivanoe Bonomi , 2-time prime minister of Italy (d.
1951 )
October 19
October 20 –
Jussi Merinen , Finnish politician (d.
1918 )
[19]
October 26
October 30
November 9 –
Fritz Thyssen , German industrialist (d.
1951 )
November 16 –
W. C. Handy , American blues composer (d.
1958 )
[20]
November 20 –
Ramón Castillo , Argentinian politician, 25th
President of Argentina (d.
1944 )
November 22 –
Johnny Tyldesley , English cricketer (d.
1930 )
November 28 –
Frank Phillips , American oil executive (d.
1950 )
December 7 –
Willa Cather , American novelist (d.
1947 )
[21]
December 11 –
Josip Plemelj , Slovenian mathematician (d.
1967 )
December 17 –
Ford Madox Ford , English writer (d.
1939 )
[22]
December 20 –
Kan'ichi Asakawa , Japanese historian (d.
1948 )
December 26 –
Thomas Wass , Nottinghamshire cricketer (d.
1953 )
December 30 –
Al Smith , American politician, Democratic presidential candidate (d.
1944 )
Date unknown
Deaths
January–June
Napoleon III
Justus von Liebig
David Livingstone
January 9 –
Napoleon III , last
Emperor of the French (b.
1808 )
January 18 –
Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton , English novelist (b.
1803 )
January 20 –
Basil Moreau , French founder of the
Congregation of Holy Cross (b.
1799 )
January 23 –
Ramalinga Swamigal , Hindu religious leader (b.
1823 )
January 26 –
Empress Amélie , consort of
Pedro I of Brazil (b.
1812 )
February 3 –
Isaac Baker Brown , English gynaecologist, surgeon (b.
1811 )
February 7 –
Sheridan Le Fanu , Irish writer (b.
1814 )
[25]
February 18 –
Vasil Levski , Bulgarian revolutionary (executed) (b.
1837 )
February 23 –
Jakob von Hartmann , Bavarian general (b.
1795 )
March 10 –
John Torrey , American botanist (b.
1796 )
March 24 –
Mary Ann Cotton , English
serial killer (executed) (b.
1832 )
March 25 –
Wilhelm Marstrand , Danish painter (b.
1810 )
[26]
March 29 – Prince
Unakan Ananta Norajaya Prince of Siam (b.
1856 )
March 31
April 11
April 18 –
Justus von Liebig , German chemist (b.
1803 )
April 27 –
William Charles Macready , English actor (b.
1793 )
April 29 –
Hortense Globensky-Prévost , Canadian heroine (b.
1804 )
May 1 –
David Livingstone , Scottish explorer of Africa (b.
1813 )
May 5 –
Jerónimo Carrión , 8th president of Ecuador (b.
1804 )
May 6 –
José Antonio Páez , first
president of Venezuela (b.
1790 )
May 7
May 13 –
Charles Lucy , English painter (b.
1814 )
[28]
May 15 –
Alexandru Ioan Cuza , first ruler of Romania (b.
1820 )
May 20 –
George-Étienne Cartier , Canadian statesman (b.
1814 )
May 22 –
Alessandro Manzoni , Italian poet and novelist (b.
1785 )
[29]
May 29 –
Édouard de Verneuil , French palaeontologist (b.
1805 )
May 30 –
Karamat Ali Jaunpuri , Indian Muslim scholar (b.
1800 )
[30]
June 1 –
Joseph Howe , Canadian politician (b.
1804 )
July–December
Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg
August 18 –
Charles II, Duke of Brunswick (b.
1804 )
September 8 –
Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg , Finnish priest and father of
K. J. Ståhlberg , the first
President of Finland (b.
1832 )
[31]
September 11 –
Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares , morganatic husband of
Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (b.
1808 )
September 17 –
Alexander Berry , Scottish adventurer, Australian pioneer (b.
1781 )
September 22 –
Friedrich Frey-Herosé , Swiss Federal Councilor (b.
1801 )
September 23 –
Jean Chacornac , French astronomer (b.
1823 )
September 28 –
Émile Gaboriau , French writer (b.
1833 )
[32]
October 5 –
William Todd , American businessman, Canadian Senate nominee (b.
1803 )
October 9 –
George Ormerod , English historian, antiquarian (b.
1785 )
October 17 – Sir
Robert McClure , British Arctic explorer (b.
1807 )
December 14
References
^ Roberts, Brian. 1976. Kimberley, turbulent city . Cape Town: David Philip, p 115
^
The British Empire: Griqualand West Administrators (Accessed on 16 April 2017)
^
This Day in History
Archived December 2, 2013, at the
Wayback Machine . Accessed 22 November 2013.
^
"History" . Konica Minolta. Retrieved November 10, 2022 .
^ Pyrgidis, C. N. (2016). Railway Transportation Systems: Design, Construction and Operation . CRC Press. p. 156.
^ Petrova, Ye. N. (2003). St. Petersburg in Focus: Photographers of the Turn of the Century; in Celebration of the Tercentenary of St. Petersburg . Palace Ed. p. 12.
^ Rossel, Sven (1984). Johannes V. Jensen . Boston: Twayne Publishers. p. 1.
ISBN
9780805765656 .
^ Cummins, Laurel (2005). Colette and the conquest of self . Birmingham, Ala: Summa. p. 20.
ISBN
9781883479466 .
^
"Thomas Andrews | Irish ship designer | Britannica" . www.britannica.com . Retrieved April 15, 2022 .
^ Jaffé, Daniel (2012). Historical dictionary of Russian music . Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p. 83.
ISBN
9780810879805 .
^ Caruso, Enrico (1997). Enrico Caruso : my father and my family . Portland, Ore: Amadeus Press. p. 19.
ISBN
9781574670226 .
^ Steinberg, Michael (2000). The concerto : a listener's guide . Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. p. 380.
ISBN
9780195103304 .
^ Steinberg, Michael (1995). The symphony : a listener's guide . New York: Oxford University Press. p. 443.
ISBN
9780195126655 .
^ Parini, Jay (2004). The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature . New York: Oxford University Press. p. 118.
ISBN
9780195156539 .
^
"Etusivu" . kansallisbiografia.fi .
^ Wharton, Edith (2000). Yrs. ever affly : the correspondence of Edith Wharton and Louis Bromfield . East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. p. 111.
ISBN
9780870135163 .
^ Bloom, Ken (2013). Routledge Guide to Broadway . Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 104.
ISBN
9781135871178 .
^ Ben Fisher (2000). The Pataphysician's Library: An Exploration of Alfred Jarry's 'Livres Pairs' . Liverpool University Press. p. 4.
ISBN
9781781388013 .
^
"Person: Merinen, Juho Rikard" .
War Victims of Finland 1914–1922 . Helsinki, Finland:
National Archives of Finland . Retrieved July 23, 2023 .
^ Hardy, Phil (1995). The Da Capo companion to 20th-century popular music . New York: Da Capo Press. p. 402.
ISBN
9780306806407 .
^ Parini, Jay (2004). The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature . New York: Oxford University Press. p. 240.
ISBN
9780195156539 .
^ Henderson, Lesley (1990). Twentieth-Century romance and historical writers . Chicago: St. James Press. p. 243.
ISBN
9780912289977 .
^
Ahmed, Siraj Uddin (2010). "নেছারউদ্দীন আহমদ (রহ.), শাহ সূফী, (শর্শিনার পির সাহেব)". বরিশাল বিভাগের ইতিহাস [History of Barisal Division ] (in Bengali). Vol. 2.
Dhaka : Bhaskar Prakashani.
^ Tudor, Anghel C. (April 10, 2019).
"Celebrități medicale buzoiene / Doctor Mișea Filip, creatorul secției de contagioase a Spitalului Gârlași" . Opinia Buzău (in Romanian).
^ Melada, Ivan (1987). Sheridan Le Fanu . Boston: Twayne Publishers. p. 12.
ISBN
9780805769371 .
^ The American Cyclopædia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge . D. Appleton. 1881. p. 203.
^ Bruce Mazlish (1988). James and John Stuart Mill: Father and Son in the Nineteenth Century . Transaction Books. p. 111.
^ Robertson, David (September 23, 2004).
"Lucy, Charles" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography .
doi :
10.1093/ref:odnb/17147 .
^ Manzoni, Alessandro (2004). Alessandro Manzoni's The Count of Carmagnola and Adelchis . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 5.
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^
Sirajul Islam ; Miah, Sajahan;
Khanam, Mahfuza ; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012).
"Jaunpuri, Karamat Ali" .
Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
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^
Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg – KirjastoVirma (in Finnish)
^ Magill, Frank (1997). Cyclopedia of world authors . Pasadena, Calif: Salem Press. p. 738.
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Further reading and year books
1873 Annual Cyclopedia (1874) highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1873; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 831pp