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Calendar year
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1845 .
1845 (
MDCCCXLV ) was a
common year starting on Wednesday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Monday of the
Julian calendar , the 1845th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 845th year of the
2nd millennium , the 45th year of the
19th century , and the 6th year of the
1840s decade. As of the start of 1845, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
January 1 – The
Philippines began reckoning Asian dates by hopping the
International Date Line through skipping Tuesday, December 31, 1844. That time zone shift was a reform made by Governor–General
Narciso Claveria on August 16, 1844, in order to align the local calendars in the country with the rest of Asia as trade interests with
Imperial China ,
Dutch East Indies and neighboring countries increased, after
Mexico became independent in 1821. The reform also applied to
Caroline Islands ,
Guam ,
Marianas Islands ,
Marshall Islands , and
Palau as part of the
Captaincy General of the Philippines .
[1]
January 10 –
Elizabeth Barrett receives a love letter from the younger poet
Robert Browning ;
[2] on
May 20 , they meet for the first time in London. She begins writing her
Sonnets from the Portuguese .
January 23 – The
United States Congress establishes a uniform date for federal elections, which will henceforth be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
January 29 –
The Raven by
Edgar Allan Poe is published for the first time, in the
New York Evening Mirror .
February 1 –
Anson Jones , President of the
Republic of Texas , signs the charter officially creating
Baylor University (the oldest university in the State of
Texas operating under its original name).
February 7 – In the
British Museum , a drunken visitor smashes the
Portland Vase , which takes months to repair.
February 28 – The
United States Congress approves the
annexation of Texas .
March 1 – President
John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the
Republic of Texas .
March 3
March 4 –
James K. Polk is
sworn in as the 11th President of the United States.
March 11 –
New Zealand Wars open with the
Flagstaff War : Chiefs
Kawiti and
Hōne Heke lead 700
Maoris in the burning of the British colonial settlement of Kororareka (modern-day
Russell, New Zealand ).
March 13 – The
Violin Concerto by
Felix Mendelssohn premieres in
Leipzig , with
Ferdinand David as soloist.
March 17 –
Stephen Perry
patents the
rubber band , in the United Kingdom.
[4]
March 30 – Due to different transition dates to the
Gregorian calendar , Finland (then part of the
Russian Empire ) is the only place in the world to have
Easter day on this particular
Sunday .
April–June
April 7 – An earthquake destroys part of
Mexico City , along with the nearby towns of
Tlalpan and
Xochimilco .
April 10 – The
Great Fire of Pittsburgh destroys much of the American city of
Pittsburgh .
April 20 –
Ramón Castilla becomes president of
Peru .
May –
Frederick Douglass 's autobiographical
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave is published by the
Boston Anti-Slavery Society.
May 2 –
Yarmouth suspension bridge in
Great Yarmouth , England, collapses leaving around 80 dead, mostly children.
[5]
May 19 –
HMS Erebus and
HMS Terror , with 134 men, comprising Sir
John Franklin 's
expedition to find the
Northwest Passage , sail from
Greenhithe on the
Thames . They will last be seen in the summer, entering
Baffin Bay .
[6]
May 25 – A theater fire in
Canton , China, kills 1,670.
May 30 –
Fatel Razack (Fath Al Razack , "Victory of Allah the Provider",
Arabic : قتح الرزاق) is the first ship to bring indentured labourers from
India to
Trinidad and Tobago , landing in the
Gulf of Paria with 227 immigrants.
[7]
June 8 – Former U.S. President
Andrew Jackson , 78, dies at
The Hermitage (Nashville, Tennessee) .
July–September
October–December
October 9 – The eminent and controversial
Anglican ,
John Henry Newman , is received into the
Roman Catholic Church .
October 10 – In
Annapolis, Maryland , the Naval School (later renamed the
United States Naval Academy ) opens with fifty midshipmen and seven professors.
October 13 – A majority of voters in the
Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution that, if accepted by the
United States Congress , will make
Texas a
U.S. state .
October 19 –
Richard Wagner 's opera
Tannhäuser debuts at the
Dresden Royal Court Theater.
October 21 – The
New York Herald becomes the first newspaper to mention the game of baseball.
November 20 –
Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata –
Battle of Vuelta de Obligado : The
Argentine Confederation is narrowly defeated by an Anglo–French fleet on the waters of the
Paraná River , but the victors suffer serious damage to their ships, and Argentina attracts political support in South America.
December 2 –
Manifest destiny : U.S. President
James K. Polk announces to Congress that the
Monroe Doctrine should be strictly enforced, and that the United States should aggressively expand into the West.
December 11 –
First Anglo-Sikh War : Sikh army crosses the
Sutlej in the
Punjab .
December 22 –
23 –
Battle of Ferozeshah (Anglo-Sikh War):
East India Company forces are victorious over those of the Sikh Empire.
December 27
December 29 –
Texas is admitted as the 28th
U.S. state .
December 30 –
Queen's Colleges of
Belfast ,
Cork , and
Galway are incorporated in Ireland.
Date unknown
Births
January–June
George Reid
Georg Cantor
Alexander III of Russia
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
Gustaf de Laval
January 7 – King
Ludwig III of Bavaria (d.
1921 )
January 29 –
Pyotr Bezobrazov , Russian admiral (d.
1906 )
February 2 –
Ivan Puluj , Ukrainian physicist, inventor (d.
1918 )
February 14 –
Quintin Hogg , British
philanthropist (d.
1903 )
February 15 –
Elihu Root , American
statesman ,
diplomat , recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1937 )
February 25 –
Sir George Reid , 4th
Prime Minister of Australia (d.
1918 )
March 3 –
Georg Cantor , German mathematician (d.
1918 )
March 4 –
Henry Clay Taylor , American
admiral (d.
1904 )
March 10 – Emperor
Alexander III of Russia (d.
1894 )
March 20 –
Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey , 18th
Governor of New South Wales (d.
1915 )
March 27 –
Wilhelm Röntgen , German
physicist ,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1923 )
April 4 –
František Plesnivý , Austro-Hungarian architect (d.
1918 )
April 5 –
Jules Cambon , French diplomat (d.
1935 )
April 22 –
Carlo Caneva , Italian general (d.
1922 )
April 24 –
Carl Spitteler , Swiss writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1924 )
May 4 –
William Kingdon Clifford , English mathematician, philosopher (d.
1879 )
May 9 –
Gustaf de Laval , Swedish engineer, inventor (d.
1913 )
May 12 –
Gabriel Fauré , French composer (d.
1924 )
May 14 –
Charles J. Train , American admiral (d.
1906 )
May 15 –
Élie Metchnikoff , Russian
microbiologist , recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1916 )
May 17 –
Jacint Verdaguer ,
Catalan poet (d.
1902 )
May 25 –
Eugène Grasset , Swiss-born artist (d.
1917 )
May 30 – King
Amadeo I of Spain (d.
1890 )
May 31 –
R. E. B. Crompton , British electrical engineer, industrialist and inventor (d.
1940 )
June 7 –
Leopold Auer , Hungarian
violinist , composer (d.
1930 )
June 18 –
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran , French physician, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1922 )
June 22 –
Richard Seddon , 15th
Prime Minister of New Zealand (d.
1906 )
July–December
Jacinta Parejo
July 4 –
Thomas John Barnardo , Irish philanthropist (d.
1905 )
July 19 –
Horatio Nelson Young , American naval hero (d.
1913 )
August 9 –
André Bessette , Canadian religious leader and saint (d.
1937 )
August 10 –
Abai Qunanbaiuly , Kazakh poet (d.
1904 )
August 16
August 19 –
Edmond James de Rothschild , French
philanthropist (d.
1934 )
August 20 –
Albert Chmielowski , Polish painter,
Roman Catholic religious professed and saint (d.
1916 )
August 21 –
William Healey Dall , American naturalist, biologist and explorer (d.
1927 )
August 25 – King
Ludwig II of Bavaria (d.
1886 )
September 1 –
Paul Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen , British field marshal (d.
1932 )
September 9 –
Warner B. Bayley , United States Navy rear admiral (d.
1928 )
September 11 –
Emile Baudot , French telegraph engineer and inventor (d.
1903 )
October 13 –
Charles Stockton , American admiral (d.
1924 )
October 21 –
William McKendree Carleton , American poet (d.
1912 )
November 3 –
Inoue Yoshika , Japanese admiral (d.
1929 )
November 4 –
Vasudev Balwant Phadke , Indian revolutionary (d.
1883 )
November 10 –
Sir John Thompson , 4th
Prime Minister of Canada (d.
1894 )
November 13 –
Marta Abreu , Cuban philanthropist (d.
1909 )
November 25 –
José Maria de Eça de Queirós , Portuguese writer (d.
1900 )
December 9 –
Joel Chandler Harris , American writer (d.
1908 )
December 24 –
George I of Greece (d.
1913 )
Deaths
January–June
Andrew Jackson
January 11 –
Etheldred Benett , British geologist (b.
1776 )
January 24 –
Emiliano Madriz , acting
Supreme Director of Nicaragua (b.
1800 )
January 28 –
Mary Ann Browne , British poet and writer of musical scores (b.
1812 )
February 13 –
Henrik Steffens , Norwegian philosopher (b.
1773 )
February 22 –
William Wellesley-Pole, 3rd Earl of Mornington , British politician (b.
1763 )
March –
Nicolás Espinoza , Head of State of El Salvador (b.
1795 )
March 13 –
Charles-Guillaume Étienne , French playwright (b.
1778 )
March 18 –
Johnny Appleseed , American
pioneer (b.
1774 )
April 10 – Dr.
Thomas Sewall , American anatomist (b.
1786 )
April 20 –
Seku Amadu , founder of the Fula Massina Empire (b.
1773 )
May 12
May 15 –
Braulio Carrillo Colina , Costa Rican Head of State (b.
1800 )
June 4 –
Lasse-Maja , notorious Swedish criminal (b.
1785 )
June 8 –
Andrew Jackson , 7th President of the United States (b.
1767 )
July–December
Charlotte Ann Fillebrown Jerauld
July 12
July 17 –
Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey ,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b.
1764 )
July 22 –
Heinrich Graf von Bellegarde , Austrian field marshal, statesman (b.
1756 )
August 3 –
Charlotte Ann Fillebrown Jerauld , American poet and story writer (b.
1820 )
August 23 –
Rafael Urdaneta , hero of the Latin American War of Independence (b.
1788 )
October 12 –
Elizabeth Fry , British humanitarian (b.
1780 )
October 18 –
Jacques Dominique, comte de Cassini , French astronomer (b.
1748 )
October 26 –
Lady Nairne , Scottish songwriter (b.
1766 )
November 17 –
Sir Salusbury Pryce Humphreys , British admiral (b.
1778 )
November 18 – King
Aleamotuʻa of Tonga (b.
1738 )
Date unknown
References
^
"CURRENT PH CALENDAR BEGINS" . Facebook . Project Vinta. January 1, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2023 .
^ Jones, Neal T., ed. (1984).
A Book of Days for the Literary Year . New York; London: Thames and Hudson.
ISBN
0-500-01332-2 .
^
Congress overrides presidential veto for first time . history.house.gov
^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.
ISBN
0-14-102715-0 .
^
"The Great Yarmouth Suspension Bridge Disaster – May 2nd 1845" (PDF) . Broadland Memories . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-10-14 .
^ The Hutchinson Factfinder . Helicon. 1999. p. 549.
ISBN
1-85986-000-1 .
^ When the British decided they were going to bring Indians to Trinidad this year, most of the traditional British ship owners did not wish to be involved. The ship was originally named Cecrops , but upon delivery was renamed to Fath Al Razack . The ship left
Calcutta on
February 16 .
^ Fox, Stephen (2003).
Transatlantic: Samuel Cunard, Isambard Brunel, and the Great Atlantic Steamships . HarperCollins.
ISBN
978-0-06-019595-3 .
^
"Great Britain " . The Ships List . Archived from
the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-01 .
^
"Dreadful Shipwreck! Wreck of the Cataraqui Emigrant Ship, 800 tons" . Launceston Examiner . 1845-09-17. p. 5. Retrieved 2011-08-21 .
^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 267–268.
ISBN
0-7126-5616-2 .
^
"Phytophthora infestans " . A Short History of Ireland .
BBC . Retrieved 2012-08-05 .
^
"E. Clampus Vitus" . 2010. Archived from
the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved October 1, 2010 .
^
"Luce Ben Aben School of Arab Embroidery I, Algiers, Algeria" .
World Digital Library . 1899. Retrieved 2013-09-26 .
Further reading