Zasagt Khan, also spelled Zasagtu Khan or Jasaghtu Khan (
Mongolian: ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠨ;
Cyrillic: Засагт хан;
Chinese: 扎薩克圖汗), refers to the territory as well as the
Chingizid dynastic rulers of the Zasagt Khanate. It was one of four
Khalka khanates that emerged from remnants of the
Mongol Empire after the death of
Dayan Khan's son
Gersenji Khongtaiji in 1549.
The first ruler of Zasagt tribe was Gersenji's eldest son, Ashikhai. At the beginning of the 17th century, Ashihai's grandson Laihur was awarded the title of "khan" by
Abtai Sain Khan. Laihur was murdered in 1587. His son Subadai succeeded and crowned himself the "Bogd Zasagt Khan". Later, Norob, Vanchig, and Tsengüün succeeded to the title of khan.
In 1687, Shar, the Zasagt Khan, was defeated and killed by Tüsheet Khan Chakhundorj. His younger brother Tsevenjab succeeded as the new khan, however, Khalka was
invaded by
Dzungar Mongolian forces under
Galdan Boshugtu Khan in the next year, Tsevenjab had to flee to
Ulanqab where he pledged fealty to the
Kangxi Emperor of the
Qing China. On 3 June 1691,[1] Tsevenjab attended the
Dolonnuur Assembly together with Tüsheet Khan, Sechen Khan and more than 500
noyans and
taijis. Since then, the Khalkha Mongols in Outer Mongolia submitted to the Qing dynasty.[2] The three khanates, Zasagt Khan,
Sechen Khan and
Tüsheet Khan, became three provincial subdivisions or aimags of Qing China. In the next year, Khalka was divided into three zams (зам), the area of Zasagt Khan aimag was named "Khalka Right Zam" (
Mongolian: Халхын өрнө зам,
Chinese: 喀爾喀西路).[3] In 1725, Qing China created a fourth aimag,
Sain Noyon.[4] Since 1728, each aimag was governed by aimag congress chigulgan (чуулган) comprising the lords of the
khoshuns; the chigulgan daruga (чуулган дарга - official presiding the congress) was appointed from the khoshun lords by the Qing government. the congress of Zasagt khan aimag was called the "Zag golyn ekh Binderiyaa nuuryn chuulgan" (Заг голын эх Биндэръяа нуурын чуулган, 札克畢拉色欽畢都爾諾爾盟), which was held every three years at the souce of Zag Gol River (Заг гол).
In 1923, following the
Mongolian Revolution of 1921, the Zasagt Khan aimag was renamed Khan Tashir Uulyn aimag (Хан Тайшир уулын аймаг),[5] which named after the
Khan Taishir Ridge [
mn].[3] In 1930, the four aimags were divided into the present day
21 smaller aimags, which were subdivided into
sums.
Administrative subdivisions of Zasagt Khan aimag[6]