Egypt (
Arabic : مصر Miṣr
[mesˁr] , Egyptian Arabic pronunciation:
[mɑsˤr] ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a
transcontinental country spanning the
northeast corner of Africa and the
Sinai Peninsula in the
southwest corner of Asia . It is bordered by the
Mediterranean Sea to
the north , the
Gaza Strip of
Palestine and
Israel to
the northeast , the
Red Sea to the east,
Sudan to
the south , and
Libya to
the west . The
Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from
Jordan and
Saudi Arabia .
Cairo is the capital and
largest city of Egypt , while
Alexandria , the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the
Mediterranean coast . At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the
14th-most populated country in the world , and the
third-most populated in Africa.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the
Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a
cradle of civilisation ,
Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt was an early and important
centre of Christianity , later
adopting Islam from the seventh century onwards. Cairo became the capital of the
Fatimid Caliphate in the tenth century, and of the
Mamluk Sultanate in the 13th century. Egypt then became part of the
Ottoman Empire in 1517, before its local ruler
Muhammad Ali established modern Egypt as an autonomous
Khedivate in 1867.
Egypt's current government, a
semi-presidential republic led by president
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi since he was elected in 2014, has been described by a number of watchdogs as authoritarian and responsible for perpetuating the country's poor
human rights record .
Islam is the
official religion of Egypt, and
Arabic is its official language. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the
Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only
arable land is found. The large regions of the
Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About 43% of Egypt's residents live across the country's urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta. Egypt is considered to be a
regional power in
North Africa , the
Middle East and the
Muslim world , and a
middle power worldwide. It is a
developing country having a diversified economy, which is the
largest in Africa , the
38th-largest economy by nominal GDP and
127th by nominal GDP per capita. Egypt is a founding member of the
United Nations , the
Non-Aligned Movement , the
Arab League , the
African Union ,
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ,
World Youth Forum , and a member of
BRICS . (
Full article... )
The following are images from various Egypt-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1
Frontispiece of
Description de l'Égypte , published in 38 volumes between 1809 and 1829 (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 2 Lower-class occupations (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 3
Tanoura dancers performing in Wekalet El Ghoury, Cairo (from
Egypt )
Image 4 The
Amr ibn al-As mosque in Cairo, recognised as the oldest in Africa (from
Egypt )
Image 7 Four colossal statues of
Ramesses II flank the entrance of his temple
Abu Simbel . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 8 The
Edwin Smith surgical papyrus describes anatomy and medical treatments, written in
hieratic ,
c. 1550 BC . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 9 President el-Sisi with US President
Joe Biden , 11 November 2022 (from
Egypt )
Image 11 Painted limestone relief of a noble member of Ancient Egyptian society during the New Kingdom (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 12 Egypt under Muhammad Ali dynasty (from
Egypt )
Image 14 The gods
Osiris ,
Anubis , and
Horus in the tomb of Horemheb (
KV57 ) in the Valley of the Kings (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 15 The
pyramids of Giza are among the most recognizable symbols of ancient Egyptian civilization. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 16 Seagoing ship of an expedition to Punt, from a relief of
Hatshepsut's Mortuary temple , Deir el-Bahari (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 17 The
Rosetta Stone (
c. 196 BC) enabled linguists to begin
deciphering ancient Egyptian scripts . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 18
Anubis , the god associated with mummification and burial rituals, attending to a mummy (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 19 Prominent Egyptian dissident
Alaa Abd El-Fattah was sentenced to five years of imprisonment in December 2021. (from
Egypt )
Image 20
Al-Azhar Park is listed as one of the world's sixty great public spaces by the
Project for Public Spaces . (from
Egypt )
Image 21
Soad Hosny , film star (from
Egypt )
Image 23 Glassmaking was a highly developed art. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 24 A crowd at Cairo Stadium watching the
Egypt national football team (from
Egypt )
Image 25 The High Court of Justice in
Downtown Cairo (from
Egypt )
Image 26 The pharaoh was usually depicted wearing symbols of royalty and power. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 27 Egypt's population density (people per km
2 ) (from
Egypt )
Image 28 The halls of Karnak Temple are built with rows of large columns. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 29 The preserved Temple of Horus at Edfu is a model of Egyptian architecture. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 31
Cairo grew into a
metropolitan area with a population of over 20 million. (from
Egypt )
Image 32 The
Al-Hakim Mosque in Cairo, of
Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah , the sixth caliph, as renovated by
Dawoodi Bohra (from
Egypt )
Image 33
Salah Zulfikar , film star (from
Egypt )
Image 34 Tourists riding an
Arabian camel in front of
Pyramid of Khafre . The
Giza Necropolis is one of Egypt's main tourist attractions. (from
Egypt )
Image 35 The
Narmer Palette depicts the unification of the Two Lands. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 36 Wooden figures of soldiers, from the tomb of nomarch
Mesehti (
11th dynasty ) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 37 Egypt's topography (from
Egypt )
Image 38 Ancient Egyptians playing music (from
Egypt )
Image 39 Hieroglyphs on stela in
Louvre ,
c. 1321 BC (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 42 The Cairo Metro (line 2) (from
Egypt )
Image 43 The well preserved Temple of Isis from
Philae is an example of
Egyptian architecture and
architectural sculpture . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 44 Green irrigated land along the Nile amidst the desert and in the delta (from
Egypt )
Image 45
Smart Village , a business district established in 2001 to facilitate the growth of high-tech businesses (from
Egypt )
Image 46 Illustration of various types of capitals, by
Karl Richard Lepsius (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 47 Egyptian
tomb models as funerary goods (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 48 Egyptian tanks advancing in the Sinai desert during the
Yom Kippur War , 1973 (from
Egypt )
Image 49 British infantry near
El Alamein , 17 July 1942 (from
Egypt )
Image 50 Egypt is the eighth most water stressed country in the world. (from
Egypt )
Image 51 Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna,
c. 1400 BC (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 52 Female nationalists demonstrating in
Cairo , 1919 (from
Egypt )
Image 53
Muhammad Ali was the founder of the
Muhammad Ali dynasty and the first
Khedive of Egypt and
Sudan . (from
Egypt )
Image 54
Sennedjem plows his fields in
Aaru with a pair of oxen,
Deir el-Medina . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 55 Coffin of Khnumnakht in 12th dynasty style, with palace facade, columns of inscriptions, and two Wedjat eyes (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 56 Statues of two pharaohs of Egypt's
Twenty-Fifth Dynasty and several other
Kushite kings,
Kerma Museum (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 57 Early tomb painting from
Nekhen ,
c. 3500 BC , Naqada, possibly Gerzeh culture (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 59
Arabic calligraphy has seen its golden age in
Cairo . This adornment and beads being sold in
Muizz Street (from
Culture of Egypt )
Image 60 Egyptian honour guard soldiers during a visit of U.S. Navy Adm. Mike Mullen (from
Egypt )
Image 61 Protesters from the Third Square movement, which supported neither the former Morsi government nor the Armed Forces, 31 July 2013 (from
Egypt )
Image 62
Temple of Derr ruins in 1960 (from
Egypt )
Image 63 The
Suez Canal (from
Egypt )
Image 64 Egyptians celebrated feasts and festivals, accompanied by music and dance. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 65 Hatshepsut's trading expedition to the
Land of Punt (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 66 Tutankhamun charging enemies on his
chariot , 18th dynasty (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 67 Alexandria in 2017 (from
Egypt )
Image 68
Hosni Mubarak — president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011 (from
Egypt )
Image 69 Measuring and recording the harvest, from the tomb of
Menna at
Thebes (Eighteenth Dynasty) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 70 A typical
Naqada II jar decorated with gazelles (Predynastic Period) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 71 The
Fayum mummy portraits epitomize the meeting of Egyptian and Roman cultures. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 72 The
Eastern Imperial Eagle is the national animal of Egypt. (from
Egypt )
Image 73 Egyptian literacy rate among the population aged 15 years and older by UNESCO Institute of Statistics (from
Egypt )
Image 74 A figure wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, most probably
Amenemhat II or
Senwosret II . It functioned as a divine guardian for the
imiut ; the divine kilt, suggests that the statuette was not merely a representation of the living ruler. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 75 Tutankhamun's burial mask is one of the major attractions of the
Egyptian Museum of Cairo. (from
Egypt )
Image 76
Naguib Mahfouz , the first Arabic-language writer to win the
Nobel Prize in Literature (from
Egypt )
Image 77 An offshore platform in the Darfeel Gas Field (from
Egypt )
Image 78 Smoke rises from oil tanks beside the
Suez Canal hit during the initial
Anglo-French assault on Egypt, 5 November 1956. (from
Egypt )
Image 79 Napoleon defeated the
Mamluk troops in the
Battle of the Pyramids , 21 July 1798, painted by
Lejeune . (from
Egypt )
Image 80 Model of a household porch and garden,
c. 1981–1975 BC (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 82
Kushari , one of Egypt's national dishes (from
Egypt )
Image 84 The
Temple of Dendur , completed by 10 BC,
Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 85 Hunting game birds and plowing a field, tomb of
Nefermaat and his wife
Itet (
c. 2700 BC ) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 86 Ruins of Deir el-Medina (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 88 Egyptian President
Gamal Abdel Nasser in Mansoura, 1960 (from
Egypt )
Image 89 Change in per capita GDP of Egypt, 1820–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars. (from
Egypt )
Image 91
Khafre enthroned (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 92 The Ptolemaic Queen
Cleopatra VII and her son by Julius Caesar,
Caesarion , at the
Temple of Dendera (from
Egypt )
Image 93 The
Egyptian Museum of Cairo (from
Egypt )
Image 95 The "weighing of the heart" scene from the
Book of the Dead (from
Egypt )
Image 96 Rectangular fishpond with ducks and
lotus planted round with date palms and fruit trees,
Tomb of Nebamun , Thebes, 18th Dynasty (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 97 The
Giza Necropolis is the oldest of the
ancient Wonders and the only one still in existence. (from
Egypt )
Image 98 A tomb relief depicts workers plowing the fields, harvesting the crops, and threshing the grain under the direction of an overseer, painting in the tomb of
Nakht . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 99 The
Qattara Depression in Egypt's north west (from
Egypt )
Image 100 The
Book of the Dead was a guide to the deceased's journey in the afterlife. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 102 Pharaohs' tombs were provided with vast quantities of wealth, such as the
golden mask from the mummy of Tutankhamun . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 103 The Weighing of the Heart from the
Book of the Dead of Ani (from
Egypt )
Usermaatre Meryamun Ramesses III was the second
Pharaoh of the
Twentieth Dynasty in
Ancient Egypt . Some scholars date his reign from 26 March 1186 to 15 April 1155 BC, and he considered to be the last great king of the
New Kingdom .
His long reign saw the decline of Egyptian political and economic power, linked to a series of invasions and internal economic problems that also plagued pharaohs before him. This coincided with a decline in the cultural sphere of Ancient Egypt. (
Full article... )
List of selected biographies
A bottle of Luxor Weizen, a wheat beer from the Luxor brand brewed by
Egybev , and a bottle of Sakara Gold
Beer in Egypt has long held a significant role, and its presence in the country is thought to date back to the
Predynastic period . In
ancient Egypt wine was preferred by the upper class, whereas beer was a staple for working class Egyptians and a central part of their diet. Despite religious restrictions and conflicting views on alcohol after the
Muslim conquest of Egypt , the consumption of beer did not cease, and it still remains the most popular alcoholic beverage in the country by far, accounting for 54 percent of all alcohol consumption. (
Full article... )
Religions in Egypt
Arab states
Other countries
... that the entrance of
Djoser’s pyramid complex features columns fashioned to resemble bundled reeds and ceiling blocks carved into the shape of tree trunks?
NC - Non-consecutive terms; Bold - Current
Beverages
Non-alcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages
Breads Appetizers and salads Cheeses Soups Dishes Grilled meats Desserts Common ingredients
Related cuisines
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Public institutions National institutions Private institutions
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