A
cradle of civilization, China has been inhabited since the
Paleolithic era, with the earliest
dynasties emerging in the
Yellow River basin before the late second millennium BCE. The eighth to third centuries BCE saw a breakdown in the authority of the
Zhou dynasty, accompanied by the emergence of administrative and military techniques,
literature,
philosophy, and
historiography. In 221 BCE, China was unified under
an emperor for the first time. Appointed non-hereditary officials began ruling counties instead of the aristocracy, ushering in more than two millennia of imperial dynasties including the
Qin,
Han,
Tang,
Yuan,
Ming, and
Qing. With the invention of
gunpowder and
paper, the establishment of the
Silk Road, and the building of the
Great Wall,
Chinese culture—including languages, traditions, architecture, philosophy and technology—flourished and has
heavily influenced East Asia and beyond. However, China began to cede
parts of the country in the late 19th century to various European powers by a series of
unequal treaties.
National Emblem of the Republic of ChinaTsai Ing-wen
The President of the Republic of China is the head of state of the Republic of China (ROC).
The
Constitution names the president as head of state and commander-in-chief of the
Republic of China Armed Forces (formerly known as the
National Revolutionary Army). The president is responsible for conducting foreign relations, such as concluding treaties, declaring war, and making peace. The president must promulgate all laws and has no right to veto. Other powers of the president include granting amnesty, pardon or clemency, declaring martial law, and conferring honors and decorations.
The current President is
Tsai Ing-wen(pictured), since May 20, 2016. The first woman to be elected to the office, Tsai is the seventh president of the Republic of China under the
1947 Constitution and the second president from the
Democratic Progressive Party (DPP).
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