Only the church tower remains of the
Cagsawa Church, which was buried by the 1814 eruption of
Mayon Volcano.The eruption column of the modern
Mount Pinatubo on June 12, 1991, three days before the climactic eruption.Map of Pinatubo showing nearby peaks and the evacuation zones.
There was a scare in 1995 but
PHIVOLCS investigation at the time did not disclose any unusual activity, and no unusual activity has been reported since.
Currently on
eruption since January 12, 2020. Eruptions have also destroyed numerous lakeside towns, burying them with volcanic ash or submerged them by rising lake waters displaced by the erupted material. The towns of
Lipa,
Taal, Sala,
Bauan and
Tanauan were formerly located along
Taal Lake. Presently, only three towns are on the lake's shore. Remnants of the old lakeside towns are reported to be seen under the lake's waters.[3]
The most destructive eruption of Mayon occurred on February 1, 1814 (
VEI=4). Lava flowed but not as much compared to the 1766 eruption; Instead, the volcano was belching dark ash and eventually bombarded the town of
Cagsawa with
tephra that buried it. Trees were burned; rivers were certainly damaged. Proximate areas were also devastated by the eruption, with ash accumulating to 9 m (30 ft) in depth. In Albay, a total of 2,200 locals perished in what is considered to be the most lethal eruption in Mayon's history; estimates by
PHIVOLCS list the casualties at about 1,200, however. The eruption is believed to have contributed to the accumulation of atmospheric ash,[citation needed] capped by the catastrophic eruption of
Mount Tambora in 1815, that led to the
Year Without a Summer in 1816.
The most active volcano in the Visayas, Kanlaon has erupted 26 times since 1919. Eruptions are typically
phreatic explosions of small-to-moderate size that produce minor ash falls near the volcano. In 1902, the eruption was classified as
strombolian, typified by the ejection of
incandescentcinder,
lapilli and lava bombs.
Bulusan is generally known for its sudden steam-driven or
phreatic explosions. It has erupted 16 times since 1885 and is considered as the 4th most
active volcano in the Philippines after Mayon, Taal, and Kanlaon. There are evacuation procedures in place for parts of the peninsula, the farms nearest the volcano are evacuated, and many of the village schools are closed if it is considered possible that a more destructive eruption could occur.
On February 16, 1871,
earthquakes and
subterranean rumblings began to be felt in
Camiguin, which increased in severity until April 30 when a
volcanic fissure opened up 400 yards southwest of the village of
Catarman, on the northwest flank of the Hibok-Hibok Volcano. From the opening, lava was continuously ejected and poured into the sea for four years destroying the town. At the same time, the vent started gaining in height and width thus forming Mt. Vulcan. In 1875, the Challenger expedition visited the area, and described the mountain as a dome, about 1,950 feet (590 m) in height, without any crater, but still smoking and incandescent at the top.[5]
The bell tower of the
Manila Cathedral after the series of destructive earthquakes of July 1880.The ruins of a church after the 2013 earthquake.
The table below is a tally of the ten most deadly recorded earthquakes in the Philippines since the 1600s with having the most number of casualties:
18th century
An intensity VII struck Lake Bombon (now known as
Taal Lake) on September 24, 1716. It was connected with the eruption of
Taal volcano; the constant volcanic activity in the area of Taal caused seismic movements.
An intensity IX struck Tayabas (now known as
Quezon) in 1730. It had ruined the churches and convent in
Mauban and several other churches in the province of
Tayabas and
Laguna.
19th century
An earthquake on June 3, 1863, destroyed the
Manila Cathedral, the Ayuntamiento (City Hall), the Governor's Palace (all three located at the time on Plaza Mayor, now
Plaza de Roma) and much of the city. The residence of the Governor-General was moved to
Malacañang Palace located about 3 km (1.9 miles) up the
Pasig River, while the other two buildings were rebuilt in place.
An intensity X struck
Luzon on July 14–24, 1880.[6] The quake caused severe damage to these major cities in Luzon, most significantly in Manila where a lot of buildings collapsed. Number of casualties are unknown.[7]
A quake struck
Lucban, Quezon on October 26, 1884. It destroyed churches in Lucban and
Cavinti in Laguna province.[7]
Ten deadliest recorded earthquakes in the Philippines since the 1600s